UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A
Proxy
Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No. )
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Preliminary Proxy Statement |
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Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2)) |
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Definitive Proxy Statement |
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Definitive Additional Materials |
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Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12 |
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NYSE Group, Inc. |
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(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter) |
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Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11. |
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Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:
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Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:
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Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):
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Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:
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Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing. |
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| PROXY STATEMENT OF NYSE GROUP, INC. |
PROSPECTUS OF NYSE EURONEXT, INC.
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To the Stockholders of NYSE Group, Inc.:
NYSE Group and Euronext N.V. have entered into an agreement providing for a combination of their businesses under a new holding company named NYSE Euronext. Euronext's business will be brought under the new holding company through an exchange offer, and NYSE Group's business will be brought under the new holding company through a merger (which are together referred to in this document as the "combination"). The combination will create the first global exchange group, with the world's largest securities marketplaces on a combined basis and encompassing seven exchanges in six countries.
In the exchange offer, Euronext shareholders will be offered the right to exchange each of their shares, par value €6 per share, of Euronext for €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of NYSE Euronext. Instead of receiving this standard offer consideration, Euronext shareholders will have an opportunity to make either a cash election to receive all cash for their Euronext shares, or a stock election to receive all stock for their Euronext shares. These elections, however, are subject to proration to ensure that the total amount of cash paid, and the total number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock issued, in the exchange offer to the Euronext shareholders, as a whole, are equal to the total amount of cash and number of shares that would have been paid and issued if all tendering Euronext shareholders received the standard offer consideration.
The merger will occur immediately after the successful completion of the exchange offer. In the merger, NYSE Group stockholders will have the right to receive one share of NYSE Euronext common stock for each of their shares of NYSE Group common stock. Shares of NYSE Euronext common stock that are issued to NYSE Group stockholders in the merger will be subject to the same transfer restrictions, if any, that the shares of NYSE Group common stock were subject to prior to the merger. The merger has been structured so that holders of NYSE Group common stock generally will not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the merger. Simultaneously with or as soon as possible after the merger, NYSE Euronext plans to effectuate a post-closing reorganization of Euronext and its subsidiaries that is intended to result in Euronext becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of NYSE Euronext.
Upon completion of the combination, and assuming that all of the outstanding Euronext shares are validly tendered in the exchange offer and not withdrawn, former NYSE Group stockholders and former Euronext shareholders will own approximately 59% and 41%, respectively, of the outstanding common stock of NYSE Euronext. Based on the current number of outstanding shares of NYSE Group common stock and Euronext shares, NYSE Euronext will issue approximately 269.7 million shares of NYSE Euronext common stock in the combination. NYSE Euronext intends to apply to list the NYSE Euronext common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (or the "NYSE") and on Euronext Paris, subject to official notice of issuance of the stock in the combination. NYSE Group common stock, which is listed on the NYSE under the symbol "NYX," will be delisted after the merger is completed.
The combination agreement requires that the combination be approved by the NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders. To obtain these approvals, NYSE Group will hold a special meeting of its stockholders on December 20, 2006, at which, among other business to be considered by NYSE Group stockholders, it will ask its stockholders to approve and adopt the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby (and consider any other matters properly brought before the meeting). After the requisite shareholder approvals have been obtained, NYSE Euronext will file the exchange offer with the French Autorité des Marchés Financiers ("AMF") and the Belgian Commission Bancaire, Financiére et des Assurances (the "CBFA") and commence the exchange offer. Information about the NYSE Group special meeting, the combination and other business to be considered by NYSE Group stockholders is contained in this document, which we urge you to read. In particular, see "Risk Factors" beginning on page 31.
Your vote is very important. Whether or not you plan to attend the NYSE Group special meeting, please take appropriate action to make sure your NYSE Group common stock is represented at the NYSE Group special meeting. Your failure to vote will have the same effect as voting against the approval and adoption of the combination agreement. The NYSE Group board of directors recommends that the NYSE Group stockholders vote FOR the approval and adoption of the combination agreement.
John A. Thain
Chief
Executive Officer
NYSE Group, Inc.
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities to be issued in connection with the combination or determined if this document is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This document is dated November 27, 2006, and is first being mailed to the NYSE Group stockholders on or about November 29, 2006.
Unless otherwise specified or if the context so requires:
Please note that copies of the documents provided to you will not include exhibits. If you are a NYSE Group stockholder, in order to receive timely delivery of requested documents in advance of the NYSE Group special meeting, you should make your request no later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, on December 15, 2006 to MacKenzie Partners, Inc., 105 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016, call Toll-Free: (800) 322-2885, call Collect: (212) 929-5500, email: proxy@mackenziepartners.com.
No person is authorized to give any information or to make any representation with respect to the matters that this document describes other than those contained in this document, and, if given or made, the information or representation must not be relied upon as having been authorized by NYSE Group, Euronext, or NYSE Euronext. This document does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy securities or a solicitation of a proxy in any jurisdiction where, or to any person to whom, it is unlawful to make such an offer or a solicitation. Neither the delivery of this document nor any distribution of securities made under this document shall, under any circumstances, create an implication that there has been no change in the affairs of the NYSE Group, Euronext, or NYSE Euronext since the date of this document or that any information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this document.
Each of NYSE Group and Euronext maintains an Internet site. The NYSE Group Internet site is at www.nyse.com . The Euronext Internet site is at www.euronext.com . Information contained in or otherwise accessible through these Internet sites is not a part of this prospectus. All references in this prospectus to these Internet sites are inactive textual references to these URLs and are for your information only.
NYSE GROUP, INC.
Notice of Special Meeting of Stockholders
To Be Held on December 20, 2006
To the Stockholders of NYSE Group, Inc.:
A special meeting of the stockholders of NYSE Group will be held at 11 Wall Street, New York, New York on December 20, 2006 at 8:00 a.m., Eastern Standard Time. The items of business are:
The approval and adoption of the combination agreement requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of NYSE Group common stock entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting, and the approval of each proposal relating to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of NYSE Group common stock represented and entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting. The NYSE Group board of directors recommends that you vote FOR these proposals.
The record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the NYSE Group special meeting, or any adjournment or postponement of the NYSE Group special meeting, was the close of business on November 17, 2006. A list of the NYSE Group stockholders of record as of November 17, 2006 will be available for inspection during ordinary business hours at NYSE Group's offices located at 11 Wall Street, New York, New York, from December 10, 2006 up to and on the date of the NYSE Group special meeting.
Please remember that your shares cannot be voted unless you cast your vote by one of the following methods: (1) sign and return a proxy card; (2) call the toll-free number listed on the proxy card; (3) vote through the Internet as indicated on the proxy card; or (4) vote in person at the NYSE Group special meeting. You should NOT send documents representing NYSE Group common stock with the proxy card.
You will receive instructions on how to surrender your NYSE Group common stock from the exchange agent following the combination.
By Order of the Board of Directors,
Marshall
N. Carter
Chairman of the Board of Directors
November 27, 2006
YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT. PLEASE VOTE YOUR SHARES PROMPTLY, WHETHER OR NOT YOU EXPECT TO ATTEND THE NYSE GROUP SPECIAL MEETING. YOU CAN FIND INSTRUCTIONS FOR VOTING ON THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD. IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE COMBINATION PROPOSAL PLEASE CONTACT INVESTOR RELATIONS AT NYSE GROUP, INC., 11 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10005, (212) 656-5700. IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT VOTING YOUR SHARES, PLEASE FOLLOW THE CONTACT INSTRUCTIONS ON YOUR PROXY CARD.
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| QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT PROCEDURES FOR THE NYSE GROUP SPECIAL MEETING | Q-1 | ||
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SUMMARY |
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1 |
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Summary Historical and Pro Forma Financial Data |
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17 |
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| Comparative Historical and Pro Forma Per Share Data | 27 | ||
| Comparative Per Share Market Information | 29 | ||
| Exchange Rate Information | 30 | ||
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RISK FACTORS |
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31 |
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Risks Relating to the Combination |
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31 |
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| Risks Relating to NYSE Euronext's Business | 39 | ||
| Risks Relating to an Investment in NYSE Euronext Common Stock | 56 | ||
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS |
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59 |
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THE SPECIAL MEETING OF NYSE GROUP STOCKHOLDERS |
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61 |
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Time, Place and Purpose of the NYSE Group Special Meeting |
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61 |
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| Who Can Vote at the NYSE Group Special Meeting | 61 | ||
| Votes Required | 61 | ||
| Voting Limitations | 62 | ||
| Adjournments | 64 | ||
| Manner of Voting | 65 | ||
| Broker Non-Votes | 66 | ||
| Solicitation of Proxies | 66 | ||
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PROPOSAL 1: THE COMBINATION |
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67 |
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General |
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67 |
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| Background of the Combination | 69 | ||
| NYSE Group's Reasons for the Combination | 75 | ||
| Euronext's Reasons for the Combination | 80 | ||
| Certain Projections | 87 | ||
| Opinion of NYSE Group's Financial Advisor | 89 | ||
| Opinions of Euronext's Financial Advisors | 99 | ||
| Interests of Officers and Directors in the Combination | 119 | ||
| The Delaware Trust and the Dutch Foundation | 121 | ||
| Certain Relationships and Related-Party Transactions | 128 | ||
| Material Dutch Tax Consequences | 128 | ||
| Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences | 133 | ||
| Accounting Treatment | 138 | ||
| Credit Facility | 138 | ||
| Regulatory Approvals | 139 | ||
| Restrictions on Sales of Shares by Affiliates of NYSE Group and Euronext | 142 | ||
| Stock Exchange Listing and Stock Prices | 143 | ||
| Appraisal Rights | 144 | ||
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THE COMBINATION AGREEMENT |
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145 |
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Structure of the Combination |
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145 |
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| The Exchange Offer | 145 | ||
| The Merger | 148 | ||
| Treatment of Euronext Stock Options and Stock-Based Awards | 149 | ||
| Post-Closing Reorganization | 151 | ||
| No Fractional Shares | 155 | ||
| Dividends on NYSE Euronext Common Stock; Withholding | 155 | ||
| Conditions to Completing the Combination | 155 | ||
| Reasonable Best Efforts to Obtain Required Approvals | 158 | ||
| Third-Party Acquisition Proposals | 159 | ||
| Stockholders' Meetings | 162 | ||
| Termination | 162 | ||
| Conduct of Business Pending the Combination | 165 | ||
| Permitted Euronext Dividend | 166 | ||
| Indemnification and Insurance of Directors and Officers | 166 | ||
| Governance and Management | 166 | ||
| Amendment and Waiver | 168 | ||
| Fees and Expenses | 168 | ||
| Representations and Warranties | 169 | ||
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DIRECTORS AND MANAGEMENT OF NYSE EURONEXT AFTER THE COMBINATION |
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170 |
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Directors of NYSE Euronext After the Combination |
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170 |
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| Director Independence Policy of NYSE Euronext | 177 | ||
| Committees of the NYSE Euronext Board of Directors | 178 | ||
| Management of NYSE Euronext | 180 | ||
| Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers | 184 | ||
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INDUSTRY |
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185 |
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General |
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185 |
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| U.S. Markets | 186 | ||
| European Markets | 190 | ||
| Market Trends and Developments | 193 | ||
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REGULATION |
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196 |
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U.S. Regulation |
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196 |
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| European Regulation | 200 | ||
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INFORMATION ABOUT NYSE EURONEXT |
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207 |
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Overview |
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207 |
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| NYSE Euronext's Competitive Strengths | 207 | ||
| NYSE Euronext's Strategy | 209 | ||
| Competition | 211 | ||
| Principal Stockholders | 212 | ||
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA FOR NYSE EURONEXT |
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215 |
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INFORMATION ABOUT NYSE GROUP |
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227 |
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Overview |
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227 |
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| History | 228 | ||
| Competitive Strengths | 229 | ||
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| The NYSE and NYSE Arca | 230 | ||
| Securities Industry Automation Corporation (SIAC) | 242 | ||
| NYSE Regulation | 243 | ||
| Technology and Intellectual Property | 247 | ||
| Properties | 249 | ||
| Security Measures and Contingency Plans | 251 | ||
| Employees | 251 | ||
| Legal Proceedings | 251 | ||
| Officers and Directors | 257 | ||
| Director Compensation and Indemnification | 258 | ||
| Executive Compensation | 259 | ||
| Principal Stockholders | 270 | ||
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SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA OF NYSE GROUP |
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273 |
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Selected Historical Financial Data of NYSE Group |
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273 |
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| Selected Historical Financial Data of Archipelago (as the predecessor to NYSE Arca) | 275 | ||
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF NYSE GROUP |
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278 |
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Overview |
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278 |
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| Business Development | 278 | ||
| Segment Reporting | 280 | ||
| Operating Data | 281 | ||
| Sources of Revenues | 282 | ||
| Components of Expenses | 285 | ||
| Regulatory Fine Income | 286 | ||
| Results of Operations | 286 | ||
| Regulatory Fine Income | 309 | ||
| NYSE Market | 313 | ||
| NYSE Market Compensation | 316 | ||
| Regulatory Fine Income | 317 | ||
| SIAC Services | 317 | ||
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 319 | ||
| Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk | 322 | ||
| Summary Disclosures About Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements | 323 | ||
| Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | 323 | ||
| New Accounting Pronouncements | 324 | ||
| Controls and Procedures | 325 | ||
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF ARCHIPELAGO |
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326 |
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Business Development |
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326 |
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| Business Environment | 327 | ||
| Archipelago Reorganization | 327 | ||
| Income Taxes | 327 | ||
| Segment Reporting | 328 | ||
| Sources of Revenues | 328 | ||
| Quarterly Fluctuations | 330 | ||
| Related Party Revenues | 330 | ||
| Components of Expenses | 330 | ||
| Key Statistical Information | 331 | ||
iii
| Results of Operations | 334 | ||
| Year Ended December 31, 2005 Versus Year Ended December 31, 2004 | 335 | ||
| Year Ended December 31, 2004 Versus Year Ended December 31, 2003 | 340 | ||
| Summary Disclosures About Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements | 345 | ||
| Critical Accounting Policies | 345 | ||
| Provision for Doubtful Accounts | 346 | ||
| Controls and Procedures | 348 | ||
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INFORMATION ABOUT EURONEXT |
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349 |
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Overview |
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349 |
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| Recent Developments | 350 | ||
| Business Segments | 350 | ||
| Cash Trading | 351 | ||
| Listing | 356 | ||
| Derivatives Trading | 359 | ||
| Trading Platform and Market Structure | 360 | ||
| Information Services | 362 | ||
| Sale of Software: GL TRADE | 364 | ||
| MTS | 367 | ||
| Post-Trade Service Providers | 369 | ||
| Atos Euronext Market Solutions | 372 | ||
| Powernext | 375 | ||
| Intellectual Property | 376 | ||
| Real Estate | 376 | ||
| Insurance | 376 | ||
| Legal Proceedings | 377 | ||
| Supervisory Board and Managing Board | 378 | ||
| Supervisory Board Compensation and Indemnification | 379 | ||
| Executive Compensation | 379 | ||
| Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation | 384 | ||
| Certain Relationships and Related-Party Transactions | 385 | ||
| Beneficial Ownership of Management | 385 | ||
| Major Shareholders and Affiliates | 386 | ||
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SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA OF EURONEXT |
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388 |
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF EURONEXT |
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392 |
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Overview |
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392 |
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| Sources of Revenue and Principal Expense Items | 392 | ||
| Recent Developments: 2006 Third Quarter Results | 398 | ||
| Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2005 | 401 | ||
| Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2004 | 407 | ||
| Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2003 | 413 | ||
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 421 | ||
| Debt and Minority Put Options | 422 | ||
| Contractual Obligations | 423 | ||
| Off Balance Sheet Arrangements | 424 | ||
iv
| Critical Accounting Policies | 424 | ||
| Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 425 | ||
| Summary of Material Differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP | 428 | ||
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DESCRIPTION OF NYSE EURONEXT CAPITAL STOCK |
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429 |
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Common Stock |
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429 |
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| Ownership and Voting Limits on NYSE Euronext Capital Stock | 429 | ||
| Transfer Restrictions on Certain Shares of NYSE Euronext Common Stock | 432 | ||
| U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders of NYSE Euronext Common Stock | 434 | ||
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COMPARISON OF SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PRIOR TO AND AFTER THE COMBINATION |
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437 |
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PROPOSAL 2: CERTAIN ADDITIONS TO THE NYSE EURONEXT CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION |
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469 |
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Proposal 2A: Additions to Create Symmetry Between European-Related and U.S.-Related Provisions in the NYSE Euronext Certificate of Incorporation |
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469 |
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Proposal 2B: Requirement that NYSE Euronext Stockholders Can Amend the NYSE Euronext Bylaws Only Pursuant to the Provisions of the NYSE Euronext Bylaws |
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471 |
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LEGAL MATTERS |
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472 |
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EXPERTS |
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472 |
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION |
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472 |
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF NYSE EURONEXT, INC. |
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FIN-1 |
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF NYSE GROUP, INC. |
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FIN-7 |
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF ARCHIPELAGO HOLDINGS, INC. |
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FIN-58 |
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF EURONEXT N.V. |
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FIN-88 |
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ANNEX AAmended and Restated Combination Agreement |
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ANNEX BOpinion of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
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ANNEX COpinion of Morgan Stanley & Co. Limited |
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ANNEX DOpinion of ABN AMRO Corporate Finance France S.A. |
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ANNEX EForm of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NYSE Euronext |
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ANNEX FForm of Amended and Restated Bylaws of NYSE Euronext |
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v
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT PROCEDURES FOR THE NYSE GROUP
SPECIAL MEETING
The questions and answers below highlight only selected procedural information from this document. They do not contain all of the information that may be important to you. You should read carefully this entire document, including its annexes to fully understand the proposed transaction and the voting procedures for the NYSE Group special meeting.
Following
the successful completion of the exchange offer and merger, NYSE Euronext intends to effectuate a corporate reorganization of Euronext and its subsidiaries that is intended to result in
Euronext becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of NYSE Euronext. This document refers to this corporate reorganization as the "post-closing reorganization." In the post-closing
reorganization, Euronext shareholders who did not exchange their Euronext shares in the exchange offer will generally receive the same consideration that such shareholders would have received had they
tendered their Euronext shares in the exchange offer and not made the cash election or the stock election (each as described below). Although the structure of the post-closing reorganization may not
be determined until after the expiration of the exchange offer, in the event that less than 95% of the outstanding Euronext shares are acquired in the exchange offer, it is currently anticipated that
a significant portion of the consideration paid to Euronext shareholders pursuant to the post-closing reorganization will be subject to Dutch dividend withholding tax. Application of the Dutch
dividend withholding tax could cause the net value of the consideration received by Euronext share-
holders in the post-closing reorganization to be substantially less than the net value of the consideration such shareholders would have received had they tendered their Euronext shares in the
exchange offer.
NYSE Group stockholders are also being asked to vote and approve two proposals relating to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation that will be in effect after the completion of the combination. The first of these proposals is to include references in the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation to European regulators, European market subsidiaries and European disqualified persons where it also includes references to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), U.S. regulated subsidiaries and U.S. disqualified persons, respectively, so that there is symmetry between the European-related and U.S.-related provisions in the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation. The second of these proposals is to include a provision in the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation that would provide that the NYSE Euronext stockholders could amend the NYSE Euronext bylaws only pursuant to the provisions of the NYSE Euronext bylaws. In the combination agreement, NYSE Group and Euronext agreed to a form of NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation and bylaws that included these provisions, and completion of the combination is conditioned on approval of each of these proposals.
The NYSE Group board of directors recommends that the NYSE Group stockholders vote FOR each of these proposals. For a discussion of the reasons for this recommendation, see "Proposal 1: The CombinationNYSE Group's Reasons for the Combination."
Q-1
Shares of NYSE Euronext common stock that are issued to NYSE Group stockholders in the merger will be subject to the same transfer restrictions, if any, that the shares of NYSE Group common stock were subject to prior to the merger.
If a holder of exercisable options to acquire Euronext shares would like to tender the underlying Euronext shares into the exchange offer, such holder must first exercise the options and then tender the underlying Euronext shares on or prior to the expiration date of the exchange offer or the subsequent offering period, if applicable.
Q-2
withholding
tax could cause the net value of the consideration received by Euronext share-
holders in the post-closing reorganization to be substantially less than the net value of the consideration such shareholders would have received had they tendered their Euronext shares in the
exchange offer.
In the event that 95% or more of the issued and outstanding share capital of Euronext is tendered in the exchange offer or any subsequent offering period, NYSE Euronext may at its option effectuate the post-closing reorganization by initiating a compulsory acquisition procedure ( uitkoopregeling ) in accordance with article 2:92a of the Dutch Civil Code. In such circumstances, the price to be paid for such shares would be paid in cash only, in an amount determined at the time by the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeals, which may be in an amount that is substantially more or less than the value of the consideration that Euronext shareholders would have received had they tendered their Euronext shares in the exchange offer.
The post-closing reorganization is intended to eliminate any minority stockholder interest in Euronext remaining after the completion of the exchange offer.
If, following the successful completion of the exchange offer, there are still Euronext stock options and Euronext stock-based awards outstanding, a conversion mechanism will generally be implemented for purposes of converting such stock options and stock-based awards into NYSE Euronext stock options and NYSE Euronext stock-based awards, respectively, on the same terms and conditions as currently applicable, subject to specific arrangements being made available to certain holders in order to protect such holders' tax and social security treatment. For a description of the conversion mechanism and these arrangements, see "The Combination AgreementTreatment of Euronext Stock Options and Stock-Based Awards Following the Exchange Offer."
If a NYSE Group stockholder holds NYSE Group common stock in its own name, it may vote by telephone or through the Internet by following the instructions on the accompanying proxy card. If the NYSE Group common stock is registered in the name of a broker, bank or other nominee (which is also known as being held in "street name"), that broker, bank or other nominee has enclosed or will provide a voting instruction card for the NYSE Group stockholder to direct the broker, bank or other nominee how to vote its shares.
NYSE Group stockholders who hold shares in "street name" must return their instructions to their broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote their shares. If a NYSE Group stockholder that holds shares in "street name" desires to attend the NYSE Group special meeting, the NYSE Group stockholder should bring a letter from its broker, bank or other nominee identifying the NYSE Group stockholder as the beneficial owner of such shares and authorizing the NYSE Group stockholder to vote.
You should be aware that, as of November 17, 2006, NYSE Group directors and executive officers and their affiliates owned and were
Q-3
entitled to vote approximately 5.9% of the outstanding shares of NYSE Group common stock entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting.
The NYSE Group certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain certain voting limitations for NYSE Group stockholders. A description of these voting limitations is set forth under "The Special Meeting of NYSE Group StockholdersVoting Limitations."
Alternatively, you can attend the NYSE Group special meeting and vote in person by bringing a letter from your broker, bank or other nominee identifying you as the beneficial owner of such shares of NYSE Group common stock, confirming that such shares have not otherwise been voted and will not be voted via proxy, and authorizing you to vote the shares or specifying how such shares had been voted.
Approval by NYSE Group stockholders of the provisions relating to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of NYSE Group common stock represented and entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting.
Completion of the combination is conditioned on approval of each proposal relating to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation. As a result, a vote against either of such proposals effectively will be a vote against approval and adoption of the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement. In addition, if you abstain from voting on either proposal relating to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation, your shares of NYSE Group common stock will be counted as present for purposes of establishing a quorum, but the abstention will have the same effect as a vote against that proposal (and therefore effectively against the approval and adoption of the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement). If you fail to vote on either proposal relating to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation, your shares of NYSE Group common stock will not be counted as present and, therefore, will not affect the adoption of such proposal (or the proposal to approve and adopt the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement), except to the extent that your failure to vote prevents a quorum for voting on such proposal.
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Simply attending the special meeting without voting will not revoke your proxy. NYSE Group proxy cards can be sent by mail to NYSE Group, Inc., c/o Shareowner Services, P.O. Box 64873, St. Paul, Minnesota 55164-0873.
If your shares of NYSE Group common stock are held in an account at a broker, bank or other nominee and you have instructed your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote your shares, you should follow the instructions provided by your broker, bank or other nominee to change your vote.
Upon completion of the merger, NYSE Euronext will mail a letter of transmittal to NYSE Group stockholders of record as of immediately prior to the merger. In order to receive the merger consideration, NYSE Group stockholders will be required to complete and submit the letter of transmittal along with any required documentation pursuant to the instructions set forth in the letter of transmittal.
MacKenzie Partners, Inc.
105 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10016
Call Toll-Free: (800) 322-2885
Call Collect: (212) 929-5500
Email: proxy@mackenziepartners.com
Q-5
This summary highlights selected information in this document and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. You should carefully read this entire document, including its exhibits for a more complete understanding of the combination agreement, the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement, NYSE Group, Euronext and the combined company resulting from the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement.
The Companies
NYSE Group, Inc. (see page 227)
NYSE Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a holding company that, through its subsidiaries, operates two securities exchanges: the NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc. NYSE Group is a leading provider of securities listing, trading and market data products and services. NYSE Group was formed in connection with the merger of the NYSE and Archipelago, which was completed on March 7, 2006. Although the trading platforms of the NYSE and NYSE Arca currently operate separately, NYSE Group is actively integrating certain of their activities to achieve revenue and cost synergies.
The NYSE is the world's largest cash equities exchange. The NYSE is approximately three times the size of the next largest cash equities exchange in the world in terms of total worldwide market capitalization of listed companies. The NYSE provides a reliable, orderly, liquid and efficient marketplace where investors buy and sell listed issuers' common stock and other securities. For 214 years, the NYSE has facilitated capital formation, serving a wide spectrum of participants, including individual and institutional investors, the trading community and listed companies. As of September 30, 2006, 2,704 issuers, which include domestic and non-domestic operating companies, closed-end funds and exchange traded funds ("ETFs"), were listed on the NYSE. The NYSE's listed operating companies represent a total worldwide market capitalization of over $23.0 trillion, as of September 30, 2006. For the period from January 1, 2006 to September 30, 2006, on an average trading day, over 1.70 billion shares, valued at over $63.0 billion, were traded on the NYSE.
NYSE Arca operates the first open, all-electronic stock exchange in the United States and has one of the leading market positions in trading ETFs and exchange listed securities. NYSE Arca is also an exchange for trading equity options. Through NYSE Arca, customers can trade over 8,000 equity securities and over 150,000 options series. NYSE Arca's equity trading platforms link traders to multiple U.S. market centers and provide customers with fast electronic execution and open, direct and anonymous market access. The technological capabilities of NYSE Arca's trading platforms, combined with its trading rules, have allowed NYSE Arca to create a large pool of liquidity that is available to customers internally on NYSE Arca and externally through other market centers. For the period from January 1, 2006 to September 30, 2006, on an average trading day, over 645.7 million shares, valued at over $22.7 billion, were traded through NYSE Arca's trading platforms.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, on a pro forma basis reflecting the merger of the NYSE and Archipelago, based on financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"), NYSE Group generated $1,338.2 million in revenues (excluding activity assessment fees) and $199.6 million in income from continuing operations.
NYSE Group maintains its principal executive offices at 11 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005. Its telephone number is (212) 656-3000, and its Internet address is www.nyse.com. Information contained on NYSE Group's website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. This website address is an inactive text reference and is not intended to be an actual link to the website.
Euronext N.V. (see page 349)
Euronext N.V., a public limited liability company organized under the laws of the Netherlands, operates cash and derivatives exchanges through its subsidiaries in Belgium,
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France, the Netherlands and Portugal, in addition to services for derivatives markets in the United Kingdom. Euronext was created in 2000 through a three-way merger of the exchanges of Amsterdam, Brussels and Paris. Euronext later expanded by merging with the Portuguese exchange and acquiring the London-based derivatives market, LIFFE, in 2002. In 2004, Euronext completed a four-year project in which it migrated its exchanges to harmonized information technology platforms for cash trading (NSC), derivatives (LIFFE CONNECT®) and clearing. In 2005 and the first half of 2006, Euronext was the largest cash equities exchange in Europe in terms of the volume and value of transactions processed through the central order book and the second largest derivatives exchange in Europe by volume. Euronext also sells market data through its information services unit.
Euronext sells software and information technology, or IT, trading solutions through its subsidiary, GL TRADE, a leading provider of front-to-back-office trading, exchange-related software. IT services are provided by Atos Euronext Market Solutions, a company owned 50/50 by Atos Origin and Euronext.
Euronext also holds (jointly with Borsa Italiana) a majority stake in Societa per il Mercato del Titoli di Stato (or "MTS"), a leading electronic market for European wholesale fixed income securities.
For the six months ended June 30, 2006, based on financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), Euronext generated €557.7 million in revenues and €193.7 million in net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company.
The address of Euronext's registered office is Beursplein 5, 1012 JW Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and its telephone number is +31 20 550 4444. Its website is www.euronext.com . Information contained on Euronext's website does not constitute part of this prospectus. This website address is an inactive text reference and is not intended to be an actual link to the website.
NYSE Euronext (see page 207)
NYSE Euronext is a newly incorporated Delaware corporation that will become the parent company of NYSE Group and Euronext upon the completion of the combination. Upon completion of the combination, the company's name will be changed from "NYSE Euronext, Inc." to "NYSE Euronext." To date, NYSE Euronext has not conducted any material activities other than those incident to its formation and the matters contemplated by the combination agreement. The address of NYSE Euronext's principal executive offices is c/o NYSE Group, Inc., 11 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005. Its telephone number is (212) 656-3000.
NYSE Group Special Meeting (see page 61)
The special meeting of NYSE Group stockholders will be held at 11 Wall Street, New York, New York, on December 20, 2006, starting at 8:00 a.m., Eastern Standard Time. You are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the NYSE Group special meeting if you owned NYSE Group common stock at the close of business on November 17, 2006, the record date. As of November 17, 2006, there were 156,233,316 shares of NYSE Group common stock outstanding, all of which were entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting after taking into account the voting limitations described under "The Special Meeting of NYSE Group StockholdersVoting Limitations." This number does not include (a) 1,645,415 shares held in treasury, all of which are held by NYSE Arca, Inc., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of NYSE Group, (b) 1,278,120 shares underlying restricted stock units granted to certain directors, officers and employees of NYSE Group, or (c) 1,682,626 shares underlying options granted to former Archipelago officers and employees.
At the NYSE Group special meeting, NYSE Group stockholders will be asked to consider and vote on:
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Each share of NYSE Group common stock is entitled to one vote on each proposal at the NYSE Group special meeting, subject to the voting limitations described under "The Special Meeting of NYSE Group StockholdersVoting Limitations." The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of NYSE Group common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting as of the record date is required for the approval and adoption of the combination agreement and each other proposal presented at the NYSE Group special meeting. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of NYSE Group common stock represented and entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting is required for the approval and adoption of the two proposals relating to the additions to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation. Completion of the combination is conditioned on approval of each proposal relating to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation. The holders of record of a majority of the total number of outstanding shares of NYSE Group common stock entitled to vote, represented either in person or by proxy, will constitute a quorum at the NYSE Group special meeting.
What Tendering Euronext Shareholders Will Receive in the Exchange Offer (see page 145)
In the exchange offer, which will be filed with, reviewed by and subject to the approval of the AMF and the CBFA after the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions in the combination agreement (including the approval of NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders of the combination), NYSE Euronext or a wholly owned subsidiary will offer to acquire each outstanding Euronext share for €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock. This document refers to this mix of consideration as the "standard offer consideration."
Instead of receiving this standard offer consideration, Euronext shareholders who tender their shares in the exchange offer will have an opportunity to make either a cash election to receive all cash for their Euronext shares, or a stock election to receive all stock for their Euronext shares. The precise amount of cash payable in respect of a cash election, and the precise number of NYSE Euronext shares issuable in respect of a stock election will be determined prior to the filing of the exchange offer with the AMF and will depend on the volume weighted average price of NYSE Group common stock during the 10 consecutive trading days ending immediately prior to the date of the filing of the exchange offer, which is used to determine the implied value of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock for purposes of the tradeoff between cash and stock for purposes of the cash election and the stock election.
Specifically, the amount of cash that a tendering Euronext shareholder will receive for each tendered Euronext share for which it makes the cash election will equal the sum of:
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The amount of NYSE Euronext common stock that a tendering Euronext shareholder will receive for each tendered Euronext share for which it makes the stock election will equal the sum of:
Both the cash election and stock election are subject to proration to ensure that the total amount of cash paid, and the total number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock issued, in the exchange offer to the Euronext shareholders, as a whole, are equal to the total amount of cash and number of shares that would have been paid and issued if all tendering Euronext shareholders received the standard offer consideration. Euronext shareholders who make no election will receive the standard offer consideration.
As a result, if the cash election or the stock election is oversubscribed, Euronext shareholders making the oversubscribed election will receive both cash and shares of NYSE Euronext common stock, in proportion to the relative amounts available of each. As the cash election or stock election becomes more oversubscribed, Euronext shareholders making the oversubscribed election will receive consideration that will more closely resemble the standard offer consideration. Euronext shareholders who tender their shares in the exchange offer and make no election will receive the standard offer consideration. The precise consideration that Euronext shareholders will receive if they make the cash election or the stock election will depend on both:
However, because the cash election and stock election are subject to proration, neither of the above factors will affect the total amount of cash paid, or the total number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock issued, in the exchange offer to the Euronext shareholders as a whole.
This information (and therefore the precise consideration that Euronext shareholders will receive if they make the cash election or the stock election) will not be available at the time that Euronext shareholders vote on the combination. The combination agreement contains no provision that permits either party to terminate the combination agreement, or that alters the exchange ratio, because the stock price of NYSE Group common stock or Euronext shares has fallen below any agreed-upon minimum price or has risen above an agreed-upon maximum price. For a more detailed description of the potential adjustments to the consideration that Euronext shareholders will receive if they make the cash election or the stock election, see "The Combination AgreementThe Exchange OfferConsideration Offered to Euronext Shareholders" and "The Combination AgreementThe Exchange OfferMix and Match Election."
Assuming that all of the outstanding Euronext shares are validly tendered in the exchange offer and not withdrawn, the aggregate number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock issued in the combination to the Euronext shareholders will equal approximately 41% of the NYSE Euronext common stock issued and outstanding at the time of completion of the combination.
NYSE Euronext is not obligated to purchase any tendered Euronext shares unless the tendered Euronext shares represent at least two-thirds of the total outstanding shares of Euronext. However, after consultation with Euronext, but prior to the filing of the exchange offer with the AMF, NYSE Euronext may lower this two-thirds minimum condition to a number representing not less than a majority of the Euronext voting power on a fully diluted basis taking into account all Euronext shares issuable upon the exercise of any options, warrants or rights to purchase or subscribe for shares of the capital stock of Euronext.
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What NYSE Group Stockholders and Holders of NYSE Group Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units Will Receive in the Merger (see page 148)
In the merger, pursuant to the combination agreement, each share of NYSE Group common stock will entitle its holder to one share of NYSE Euronext common stock. Shares of NYSE Euronext common stock that are issued to NYSE Group stockholders in the merger will be subject to the same transfer restrictions, if any, that the shares of NYSE Group common stock were subject to prior to the merger. In addition, holders of outstanding NYSE Group stock options to acquire shares of NYSE Group common stock will receive options to acquire an equal number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock, and holders of outstanding restricted stock units of NYSE Group common stock will receive an equal number of restricted stock units of NYSE Euronext common stock.
Assuming that all of the outstanding Euronext shares are validly tendered in the exchange offer and not withdrawn, the aggregate number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock issued in the combination to the NYSE Group stockholders will equal approximately 59% of the NYSE Euronext common stock issued and outstanding at the time of completion of the combination.
What Euronext Shareholders Will Receive if They Do Not Tender Their Euronext Shares in the Exchange Offer (see page 151)
If the exchange offer is consummated, NYSE Euronext intends to effectuate a post-closing reorganization of Euronext and its subsidiaries that is intended to result in Euronext becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of NYSE Euronext. In the post-closing reorganization, Euronext shareholders who did not tender their Euronext shares in the exchange offer will generally receive the same consideration that they would have received had they tendered their Euronext shares in the exchange offer and had they not made either the cash election or stock election for their Euronext shares, that is, €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock per Euronext share. Although the structure of the post-closing reorganization may not be determined until after the expiration of the exchange offer, in the event that less than 95% of the outstanding Euronext shares are acquired in the exchange offer, it is currently anticipated that a significant portion of the consideration paid to Euronext shareholders pursuant to the post-closing reorganization will be subject to Dutch dividend withholding tax. Application of the Dutch dividend withholding tax could cause the net value of the consideration received by Euronext shareholders in the post-closing reorganization to be substantially less than the net value of the consideration such shareholders would have received had they tendered their Euronext shares in the exchange offer.
In the event that 95% or more of the issued and outstanding share capital of Euronext is tendered and accepted in the exchange offer, NYSE Euronext may at its option effectuate the post-closing reorganization by initiating a compulsory acquisition procedure ( uitkoopregeling ) in accordance with section 2:92a of the Dutch Civil Code. In such circumstances, the price to be paid for such shares would be paid in cash only, in an amount determined by the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeals, which amount may be substantially more or less than the value of the consideration that Euronext shareholders received in the exchange offer.
If successful, the effect of the post-closing reorganization will be to eliminate any minority stockholder interest in Euronext remaining after the completion of the exchange offer. For further details regarding the post-closing reorganization, see "The Combination AgreementPost-Closing Reorganization."
How Holders of Euronext Options and Stock-Based Awards Can Participate in the Exchange Offer (see page 149)
Holders of exercisable Euronext stock options who would like to tender the underlying Euronext shares into the exchange offer must first exercise such stock options (to the extent such stock options are exercisable) and then tender the underlying Euronext shares on or prior to the expiration date of the exchange offer. For further details regarding the procedure for participating
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in the exchange offer, see "The Combination AgreementTreatment of Euronext Stock Options and Stock-Based Awards."
What Holders of Euronext Options and Stock-Based Awards Will Receive if They Do Not Exercise Their Options or Stock Based Awards and Tender the Shares in the Exchange Offer (see page 149)
If, following the successful completion of the exchange offer, there are still Euronext stock options and Euronext stock-based awards outstanding, a conversion mechanism will generally be implemented for purposes of converting such stock options and stock-based awards into NYSE Euronext stock options and NYSE Euronext stock-based awards, respectively, on the same terms and conditions as currently applicable, subject to specific arrangements being made available to certain holders in order to protect such holders' tax and social security treatment. For a description of the conversion mechanism and these arrangements, please see "The Combination AgreementTreatment of Euronext Stock Options and Stock-Based Awards Following the Exchange Offer."
Structure of the Combination (see page 145)
In the combination, Euronext's business will be brought under NYSE Euronext through the exchange offer, and NYSE Group's business will be brought under NYSE Euronext through the merger. As soon as possible after the successful completion of the exchange offer and the merger, NYSE Euronext intends to effectuate the post-closing reorganization.
The following diagram illustrates the structure of the combination and assumes full completion of the post-closing reorganization so that 100% of the equity of Euronext is held by NYSE Euronext:
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After the Combination and the Post-Closing Reorganization
For a more detailed diagram of NYSE Euronext after the combination, see "The Combination AgreementStructure of the Combination."
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Description of Credit Facility (see page 138)
In connection with the exchange offer, NYSE Euronext will enter into a credit facility agreement that will permit it to borrow amounts sufficient to fund the cash portion of the consideration to be issued in the exchange offer, which is expected to be approximately $2.8 billion. NYSE Euronext may only borrow amounts under this credit facility agreement if the combination is successful. If the combination is successful, NYSE Euronext expects to use the credit facility as an undrawn back stop for a global commercial paper program, which NYSE Euronext will use mainly to finance the cash portion of the consideration to be paid to Euronext shareholders pursuant to the exchange offer. The credit facility will include terms and conditions customary for agreements of this type, which could restrict NYSE Euronext's ability to engage in additional transactions or incur additional indebtedness. It is currently anticipated that NYSE Euronext will issue approximately $2.8 billion of commercial paper through a number of dealers. The dealers will offer the notes worldwide in a variety of currencies with maturities of less than 365 days. The goal will be to issue the paper in the most cost effective currency. The interest on commercial paper will be paid using proceeds from operations of the combined entity; and it is expected that the debt will be paid off in three to four years.
It is anticipated that the global commercial paper program will be exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to the exemptions in Section 3(A)3 and 4(2) of the Securities Act for U.S. commercial paper and Regulation S for Euro commercial paper.
Reasons for the Combination (see page 75)
NYSE Group Stockholders. Based on NYSE Group's reasons for the combination described in this document (see "Proposal 1: The CombinationNYSE Group's Reasons for the Combination"), the NYSE Group board of directors recommends that NYSE Group stockholders vote FOR the approval and adoption of the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement.
Euronext Shareholders. Based on Euronext's reasons for the combination described in this document (see "Proposal 1: The CombinationEuronext's Reasons for the Combination"), the Euronext supervisory and managing boards recommend that Euronext shareholders vote FOR the approval of the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement, including the post-closing reorganization.
Interests of Directors, Board Members, and Executive Officers in the Combination (see page 120)
You should be aware that some of the directors and executive officers of NYSE Group and managing and supervisory board members of Euronext may have interests in the combination that are different from, or in addition to, the interests of the NYSE Group stockholders and the Euronext shareholders. These interests may include, but are not limited to, the continued employment of certain executive officers of NYSE Group and managing board members of Euronext, the continued positions of certain directors of NYSE Group and supervisory board members of Euronext as directors of NYSE Euronext, and the indemnification of former directors and executive officers of NYSE Group and managing and supervisory board members of Euronext by NYSE Euronext. These interests also include the treatment in the combination of restricted stock units, stock options and other rights held by these directors, board members and executive officers.
Opinions of Financial Advisors (see page 89)
Consistent with its past practice in cross border transactions, Euronext retained two financial advisorsMorgan Stanley & Co. Limited ("Morgan Stanley") and ABN AMRO Corporate Finance France S.A. ("ABN AMRO")to act as financial advisors and to deliver separate opinions in connection with the proposed combination. ABN AMRO has historically advised Euronext regarding continental European matters while Morgan Stanley has more recently advised Euronext regarding U.K. and international matters. Both ABN AMRO and Morgan Stanley have been advising Euronext for a number of years in considering strategic alternatives. Morgan Stanley rendered to the Euronext supervisory and managing boards such an opinion, dated as of November 23, 2006, to the effect that, as of the
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date of the opinion and based upon and subject to the assumptions, and other limitations set forth in the opinion, the consideration to be received by the Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer was fair, from a financial point of view, to the Euronext shareholders, as a whole. On June 1, 2006, Morgan Stanley rendered to the Euronext supervisory and managing boards a substantially similar opinion, dated as of June 1, 2006, which was subject to substantially similar assumptions and limitations set forth therein, in connection with Euronext's entry into the combination agreement. ABN AMRO rendered to the Euronext supervisory and managing boards such an opinion, dated as of November 23, 2006, to the effect that, as of the date of the opinion and based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications and other considerations set forth therein, the standard offer consideration to be offered to the Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer was fair, from a financial point of view, to the Euronext shareholders. On June 1, 2006, ABN AMRO rendered to the Euronext supervisory and managing boards a substantially similar opinion, dated as of June 1, 2006, which was subject to substantially similar assumptions, qualifications and other considerations set forth therein, in connection with Euronext's entry into the combination agreement. The opinions of Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO both address the fairness from a financial point of view of the consideration offered to Euronext shareholders in the proposed combination, except that (1) the opinion of ABN AMRO addresses the fairness from a financial point of view of the €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext that Euronext shareholders would receive if Euronext shareholders elect to receive this standard offer consideration instead of making the stock election or the cash election for their Euronext shares, and (2) the opinion of Morgan Stanley addresses the fairness from a financial point of view of the consideration to be received by Euronext shareholders as a whole, regardless of whether such shareholders elect to receive the standard offer consideration, the stock election or the cash election for their Euronext shares. In addition, the opinions of Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO are subject to the respective assumptions, qualifications and other limitations that are set forth in each opinion. See "Proposal 1: The CombinationOpinions of Euronext's Financial Advisors."
The Euronext supervisory board retained Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin (Europe) Limited ("Houlihan Lokey") to deliver a report prepared in accordance with Article 261-1 et seq. of the General Rules of the AMF and AMF Instruction No. 2006-08 of July 25, 2006. Houlihan Lokey delivered its report to the Euronext supervisory board, including its opinion ( attestation d'équité ), dated as of November 23, 2006, to the effect that, as of the date of the report and based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications and other considerations set forth therein, the consideration to be offered to the shareholders of Euronext in the exchange offer taken as a whole, was fair to such shareholders from a financial point of view.
In connection with the proposed combination, the NYSE Group retained Citigroup Global Markets Inc. ("Citigroup") to act as a financial advisor and to deliver an opinion in connection with the proposed combination. Citigroup rendered to the NYSE Group board of directors an opinion, dated June 1, 2006, to the effect that, as of the date of the opinion and based upon and subject to the considerations and limitations set forth in the opinion, the aggregate consideration to be paid by NYSE Euronext in the exchange offer is fair, from a financial point of view, to NYSE Group stockholders.
The full text of the written opinions of Citigroup, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO are included as Annexes B, C, and D, respectively, to this document. You are urged to read each of the opinions carefully and in their entirety for a description of the procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken. The full text of Houlihan Lokey's written report, which sets forth the procedures followed, assumptions made, qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken and other matters considered by Houlihan Lokey in preparing its report is included as Exhibit 99.7 to the registration statement of which this document forms a part, and a copy may be obtained from the SEC's website at the following address: www.sec.gov .
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Material Dutch Tax Consequences (see page 128)
See "Proposal 1: The CombinationMaterial Dutch Tax Consequences" for a discussion of the Dutch tax consequences of the combination to Euronext shareholders. You are urged to consult with your tax advisor for a full understanding of the tax consequences of the combination to you.
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences (see page 133)
The Merger
The merger has been structured to qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. It is a condition to the obligation of NYSE Euronext to file and commence the exchange offer that NYSE Group receive an opinion from its counsel to the effect that the merger will be treated as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code. Assuming the merger qualifies as a reorganization, holders of NYSE Group common stock generally will not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes on the exchange of their NYSE Group common stock for NYSE Euronext common stock in the merger.
Holders of NYSE Group common stock should read "Proposal 1: The CombinationMaterial U.S. Federal Income Tax ConsequencesTax Consequences of the Merger to U.S. Holders of NYSE Group Common Stock" for a more complete discussion of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger. Holders of NYSE Group common stock should consult their own tax advisors to determine the tax consequences to them (including the application and effect of any state, local or non-U.S. income and other tax laws) of the merger.
The Exchange Offer and the Post-Closing Reorganization
The combination agreement contemplates that the receipt by holders of Euronext shares of the consideration in the exchange offer and in the post-closing reorganization will be structured as a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, unless NYSE Group elects, subject to the provisions of the combination agreement, to structure the post-closing reorganization so that, in the opinion of counsel to NYSE Group, the exchange offer together with the post-closing reorganization is treated either as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code or an exchange described in Section 351 of the Internal Revenue Code. As of the date of this document, NYSE Group has not made the election described in the preceding sentence. In addition, because the structure of the post-closing reorganization may depend, among other things, on the percentage of the Euronext shares tendered in the exchange offer, NYSE Euronext may not be able to determine the structure of the post-closing reorganization and whether to make the election described above until the expiration of the exchange offer. Holders of Euronext shares who are subject to U.S. federal income taxes should recognize and consider that the combination agreement contemplates that the receipt by holders of Euronext shares of the consideration in the exchange offer and in the post-closing reorganization will be structured as a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Taxable Exchange. If, as currently contemplated by the combination agreement, the receipt by holders of Euronext shares of the consideration in the exchange offer or in the post-closing reorganization is treated as a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. holder of Euronext shares generally will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between (1) the amount realized, and (2) the holder's tax basis in the Euronext shares exchanged. The amount realized will be the fair market value of the NYSE Euronext common stock, if any, plus the amount of cash, if any, received pursuant to the exchange offer or the post-closing reorganization. In general, a non-U.S. holder of Euronext shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax in respect of the consideration received in the exchange offer or in the post-closing reorganization, unless such non-U.S. holder has certain connections to the United States.
Reorganization Within the Meaning of Section 368 ( a ) of the Internal Revenue Code or Exchange described in Section 351 of the Internal Revenue Code . If NYSE Group elects to structure the exchange offer together with the post-closing reorganization as a reorganization within the
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meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code or as an exchange described in Section 351 of the Internal Revenue Code, and the post-closing reorganization together with the exchange offer so qualifies, the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders of Euronext shares, in general, are as follows:
In general, a non-U.S. holder of Euronext shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax in respect of the consideration received in the exchange offer or in the post-closing reorganization, unless such non-U.S. holder has certain connections to the United States.
All holders of Euronext shares should read "Proposal 1: The CombinationMaterial U.S. Federal Income Tax ConsequencesTax Consequences of the Exchange Offer and the Post-Closing Reorganization to U.S. and Non-U.S. Holders of Euronext Shares" for a more complete discussion of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the exchange offer and the post-closing reorganization. Holders of Euronext shares should consult their own tax advisors to determine the tax consequences to them (including the application and effect of any state, local or non-U.S. income and other tax laws) of the exchange offer and the post-closing reorganization.
Regulatory Approvals and Conditions to Completion of the Combination (see page 139)
Competition and Antitrust
NYSE Group and Euronext are not required to make notifications under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder by the Federal Trade Commission. Competition and regulatory notifications and approvals are, or were, required from certain European authorities. In particular, competition consent was sought from, and provided by, the Office of Fair Trading in the United Kingdom, pursuant to the Enterprise Act 2002, and consent has also been sought from the Portuguese competition authority, Autoridade da Concorrência, in accordance with the Portuguese Competition Law (Law No 18/2003, of 11 June).
At any time before or after the combination, the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and the FTC, a U.S. state attorney general, or a non-U.S. competition authority could take action under the antitrust laws as it deems necessary or desirable in the public interest, including seeking to enjoin the combination or seeking divestiture of substantial assets of NYSE Group or Euronext or their subsidiaries. Private parties may also bring legal actions under the antitrust laws under certain circumstances. While NYSE Group and Euronext believe that they will receive the requisite regulatory approvals for the combination, they can give no assurance that a challenge to the combination will not be made or, if made, would be unsuccessful. Obtaining certain government approvals applicable to the exchange
11
offer or merger is a condition to the combination. See "The Combination AgreementConditions to Completing the CombinationConditions to Filing and Commencing the Exchange Offer" and "The Combination AgreementConditions to Completing the Exchange Offer."
Securities and Other Regulatory Authorities
European Regulators. The combination is also subject to receipt of the following approvals from European regulators:
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") has the right to approve the rules of the U.S. securities exchanges that will be owned by NYSE Euronext, and is expected to review certain aspects of the organizational documents of NYSE Euronext and its subsidiaries to the extent that they affect these U.S. securities exchanges. The NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc. will file applications with the SEC seeking approval of certain elements of the proposed organization and operations described in this document.
Other Approvals. In addition to the regulatory approvals noted above, the combination is subject to the receipt of all other governmental approvals or the making of all other required governmental filings (including any required approvals or filings for amendments to existing or the granting of new exchange licenses and recognitions), the failure of which to be obtained or made, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on NYSE Euronext, NYSE Group or Euronext.
Shareholder Approvals and Other Conditions
The combination is also subject the satisfaction or waiver of conditions in the combination agreement, including the NYSE Group stockholder approval and Euronext shareholder approval. See "The Combination AgreementConditions to Completing the Combination." Subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the combination agreement, NYSE Group and Euronext expect to complete the combination in the first quarter of 2007.
Approvals for Certain Purchases of Euronext Shares Outside of the United States During the Exchange Offer
In connection with the combination, UBS AG and Morgan Stanley, serving as financial advisors to Euronext, have sought and received from the SEC exemptive relief from the requirements of Rule 14e-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") that permits these financial advisors and their affiliates and separately identifiable departments to make purchases of, or arrangements to purchase, Euronext securities outside the United States other than pursuant to the exchange offer. NYSE Euronext, NYSE Group and Euronext expressly draw attention to the fact that, subject to applicable regulatory requirements, these financial advisors and their affiliates or nominees or brokers (acting as agents) have the ability to make certain purchases of, or arrangements to purchase, Euronext securities outside the United States, other than pursuant to the exchange offer, before or during the period in which the exchange offer remains open for acceptance. In the event they were made, these purchases or arrangements to purchase would only be conducted in compliance with the applicable regulations in France, any other applicable jurisdiction in which Euronext securities are listed, and applicable U.S. securities
12
laws (except to the extent of any exemptive relief granted by the SEC).
Absence of Appraisal Rights (see page 144)
Under the Delaware general corporation law, which governs the merger, as well as under the NYSE Group certificate of incorporation and bylaws, NYSE Group stockholders are not entitled to any appraisal rights in connection with the merger.
Under Dutch and French law, as well as the Euronext articles of association, Euronext shareholders will not be entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the exchange offer or the post-closing reorganization. However, if 95% or more of the issued and outstanding share capital of Euronext is tendered in the exchange offer and NYSE Euronext elects to initiate a compulsory acquisition procedure under Dutch law, the consideration to be paid to Euronext holders in such circumstances would be determined by the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeals. See "The Combination AgreementPost-Closing Reorganization."
Directors and Management of NYSE Euronext Following the Combination (see page 170)
Following the combination, the NYSE Euronext board of directors will consist of 22 directors, including an equal number of U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries, each as defined below. Eleven of the directors will be directors of NYSE Group immediately prior to the combination (including both the chairman and the chief executive officer of NYSE Group); nine of the directors will be members of the Euronext supervisory board immediately prior to the combination (including the chairman of the Euronext supervisory board); one of the directors will be the chief executive officer of Euronext immediately prior to the combination; and the remaining director will be Sylvain Hefes, who is a European domiciliary approved by both the Euronext supervisory board and the NYSE Group board of directors. The initial term of the directors will end with the first annual stockholders meeting to be held by NYSE Euronext. Thereafter, the directors will serve one-year terms. The parity between U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries on the NYSE Euronext board of directors will be maintained unless the nominating and governance committee and the board of directors of NYSE Euronext, both equally composed of U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries, decide otherwise or unless the NYSE Euronext bylaws are amended by a supermajority vote.
It is expected, in accordance with the combination agreement, that (i) Jan-Michiel Hessels, the current chairman of the supervisory board of Euronext, will be the chairman of the board of NYSE Euronext; (ii) Marshall N. Carter, the current chairman of the board of directors of NYSE Group, will be the deputy chairman of the board of NYSE Euronext; (iii) John A. Thain, the current chief executive officer and a director of the NYSE Group, will be the chief executive officer and a director of NYSE Euronext; and (iv) Jean-François Théodore, the current chief executive officer of Euronext, will be the deputy chief executive officer and a director of NYSE Euronext.
The NYSE Euronext bylaws in effect after the combination will provide that:
For purposes of these requirements:
13
The above requirements cannot be changed unless approved by a resolution adopted by two-thirds of the NYSE Euronext directors then in office or by a shareholders' vote of 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of NYSE Euronext entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.
The combination agreement provides that, at the first annual meeting of stockholders of NYSE Euronext, each of the individuals who will serve as directors of NYSE Euronext immediately following the combination will be renominated to serve as a director on the board.
At the completion of the combination, the management committee of NYSE Euronext will consist of 14 persons and include an equal number of NYSE Group designees and Euronext designees.
Third-Party Acquisition Proposals (see page 159)
Subject to certain exceptions, the combination agreement generally restricts the ability of NYSE Group and Euronext to solicit or engage in discussions or negotiations with a third-party regarding a proposal to acquire a significant interest in either entity.
Under certain circumstances, the NYSE Group board and the Euronext boards may engage in discussions or negotiations in response to a bona fide unsolicited written acquisition proposal if they conclude that there is a reasonable likelihood that such proposal could constitute a superior proposal (as defined in the combination agreement) and due compliance with their respective fiduciary duties so requires. If, prior to the NYSE stockholder approval or consummation of the exchange offer, the NYSE Group board or Euronext boards, respectively, conclude that such acquisition proposal constitutes a superior proposal and due compliance with their respective fiduciary duties so requires, then the NYSE Group board or Euronext boards, respectively, may change its or their recommendation that stockholders vote in favor of the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement and, in the case of Euronext shareholders, tender their Euronext shares in the exchange offer.
Termination of the Combination Agreement; Expense Reimbursement (see page 162)
NYSE Group and Euronext may jointly agree to terminate the combination agreement at any time. Either NYSE Group or Euronext may also terminate the combination agreement in various circumstances, including, but not limited to, failure to receive necessary stockholder or shareholder approvals, failure to obtain a necessary governmental approval, failure to achieve the minimum tender condition or upon the breach by the other party of certain of its obligations under the combination agreement.
In several circumstances involving a change in the recommendation of the NYSE Group board of directors or the Euronext supervisory board or managing board in favor of the approval and adoption of the combination agreement, or certain actions with respect to a third-party acquisition proposal, either NYSE Group or Euronext may become obligated to reimburse the other party for expenses incurred in connection with the combination. See "The Combination AgreementTermination."
Stock Exchange Listing and Stock Prices (see page 143)
NYSE Group common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol "NYX." After the combination is completed, NYSE Group common stock will be delisted from the NYSE.
Euronext shares are listed on Euronext Paris (Eurolist by Euronext) under the symbol "NXT." As soon as permissible after the combination or the post-closing reorganization, if applicable, is completed, NYSE Euronext intends to request the delisting of Euronext shares from Euronext Paris (Eurolist by Euronext).
14
NYSE Euronext intends to apply to list the NYSE Euronext common stock issued in the combination on the NYSE and on Euronext Paris (Eurolist by Euronext).
Certain Differences in the Rights Before and After the Combination (see page 437)
Until the completion of the combination (and in the case of Euronext shareholders that do not tender their Euronext shares in the exchange offer, until the completion of the post-closing reorganization), Delaware law and the NYSE Group certificate of incorporation and bylaws will continue to govern the rights of NYSE Group stockholders, and Dutch law and the Euronext articles of association will continue to govern the rights of Euronext shareholders. After completion of the combination (or, as applicable, the post-closing reorganization), Delaware law and the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation and bylaws will govern the rights of NYSE Euronext stockholders. Please read carefully the forms of NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation and bylaws that will be in effect upon completion of the combination (which forms are included as Annexes E and F, respectively to this document), as well as the summary of the material differences between the rights of NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders, on the one hand, and the NYSE Euronext stockholders, on the other hand, under "Comparison of Shareholder Rights Prior to and After the Combination."
Material differences in the rights of NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders prior to the combination, on the one hand, and the rights of NYSE Euronext stockholders after the combination, on the other hand, will include, among others, the following:
15
but the Euronext shareholders are not currently subject to a similar voting and ownership limitation. Euronext shareholders are, however, currently bound by the restrictions of section 26a of the Dutch Act on the Supervision of the Securities Trade 1995 ( Wet toezicht effectenverkeer 1995 ) pursuant to which a declaration of no objection of the Dutch Minister of Finance must be obtained in the event of any acquisition, increase in or holding of a direct or indirect interest of more than 10% of the outstanding capital or voting rights in Euronext and by similar restrictions relating to indirect ownership of certain qualifying interests or percentages of voting rights in certain regulated subsidiaries of Euronext.
Share Repurchases
Neither NYSE Group nor NYSE Euronext has any current plan or intention to repurchase any NYSE Group common stock or NYSE Euronext common stock, respectively. Subject to applicable laws and regulations, which under current circumstances would not permit share repurchases by Euronext, Euronext intends to implement the Euronext share repurchase plan that had been announced at the time of the publication of its 2005 financial statements, under the authorization granted by Euronext's annual general meeting held on May 23, 2006.
16
SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA FINANCIAL DATA
The following financial information is to assist you in your analysis of the financial aspects of the combination. The following tables present (1) selected historical financial data of NYSE Group, (2) selected historical financial data of Euronext, and (3) selected unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial data reflecting the combination.
Selected Historical Financial Data of NYSE Group
NYSE Group is a Delaware corporation that was formed for the purpose of consummating the business combination of the NYSE and Archipelago, which was completed on March 7, 2006. The merger of the NYSE and Archipelago has been treated as a purchase business combination for accounting purposes, with the NYSE designated as the acquirer. As such, the historical financial statements of the NYSE have become the historical financial statements of NYSE Group. Set forth below are selected historical financial data for: (1) NYSE Group; and (2) Archipelago, as predecessor to NYSE Arca, which was acquired by NYSE Group on March 7, 2006 as part of the merger between the NYSE and Archipelago. Because the NYSE/Archipelago merger was not consummated until March 7, 2006, the following selected historical financial data for NYSE Group for periods prior to this date reflect only the NYSE's results and do not include Archipelago's results.
The following selected consolidated financial data has been derived from the historical consolidated financial statements and related notes for the years ended December 31, 2001 through December 31, 2005, and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The information presented here is only a summary, and it should be read together with the consolidated financial statements set forth on pages FIN-7 to FIN-87 of this document. The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of NYSE Group's results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of NYSE Group."
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Nine Months ended
September 30, |
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Year ended December 31,
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(U.S. GAAP)
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|||||||||||||||||||||||
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2006
(1)
|
2005
|
2005
|
2004
|
2003
|
2002
|
2001
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(in millions)
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||||||||||||||||||||||
| Results of Operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Activity assessment | $ | 492.4 | $ | 433.4 | $ | 594.6 | $ | 359.8 | $ | 419.7 | $ | 290.4 | $ | 358.1 | |||||||||
| Transactions | 454.1 | 108.4 | 145.8 | 153.6 | 157.2 | 152.8 | 144.6 | ||||||||||||||||
| Listing | 266.3 | 256.9 | 342.7 | 329.8 | 320.7 | 299.6 | 297.2 | ||||||||||||||||
| Market data | 166.1 | 133.4 | 178.2 | 167.6 | 172.4 | 168.9 | 160.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Data processing | 109.0 | 136.7 | 182.9 | 220.7 | 224.8 | 224.6 | 223.2 | ||||||||||||||||
| Regulatory | 135.3 | 96.7 | 129.8 | 113.3 | 113.2 | 120.4 | 152.2 | ||||||||||||||||
| Licensing, facility and other | 94.2 | 42.2 | 55.8 | 58.7 | 71.6 | 65.5 | 59.7 | ||||||||||||||||
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|||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 1,717.4 | 1,207.7 | 1,629.8 | 1,403.5 | 1,479.6 | 1,322.2 | 1,395.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Section 31 fees | (492.4 | ) | (433.4 | ) | (594.6 | ) | (359.8 | ) | (419.7 | ) | (290.4 | ) | (358.1 | ) | |||||||||
| Compensation | (436.8 | ) | (381.8 | ) | (509.8 | ) | (522.6 | ) | (520.5 | ) | (512.3 | ) | (508.2 | ) | |||||||||
| Liquidity payments | (160.0 | ) | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||
| Routing and clearing | (49.7 | ) | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||
| Systems and communications | (91.0 | ) | (92.7 | ) | (124.1 | ) | (138.6 | ) | (146.0 | ) | (143.6 | ) | (151.8 | ) | |||||||||
| Professional services | (85.5 | ) | (90.3 | ) | (127.7 | ) | (132.7 | ) | (97.5 | ) | (116.9 | ) | (133.1 | ) | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | (99.4 | ) | (78.5 | ) | (103.4 | ) | (95.7 | ) | (89.0 | ) | (81.4 | ) | (74.5 | ) | |||||||||
| Occupancy | (62.9 | ) | (51.6 | ) | (70.6 | ) | (68.6 | ) | (67.0 | ) | (66.3 | ) | (56.1 | ) | |||||||||
| Marketing and other | (70.9 | ) | (46.3 | ) | (69.7 | ) | (84.3 | ) | (76.5 | ) | (102.4 | ) | (126.2 | ) | |||||||||
| Merger expenses and related exit costs (2) | (20.3 | ) | | (26.1 | ) | | | | | ||||||||||||||
| Regulatory fine income | 33.8 | 32.8 | 35.4 | 7.6 | 11.2 | 6.0 | 3.5 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Operating income (loss) | 182.3 | 65.9 | 39.2 | 8.8 | 74.6 | 14.9 | (9.2 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Investment and other income, net | 63.3 | 36.6 | 51.7 | 34.5 | 32.4 | 42.7 | 74.8 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of equity investment | 20.9 | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||
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| Income before provision for income taxes and minority interest | 266.5 | 102.5 | 90.9 | 43.3 | 107.0 | 57.6 | 65.6 | ||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | (104.5 | ) | (40.3 | ) | (48.1 | ) | (12.1 | ) | (45.2 | ) | (18.7 | ) | (22.7 | ) | |||||||||
17
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Nine Months ended
September 30, |
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(U.S. GAAP)
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2006
(1)
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2005
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2005
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2004
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2003
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2002
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2001
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(in millions)
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| Minority interest in income of consolidated subsidiary | (2.5 | ) | (1.2 | ) | (2.0 | ) | (1.0 | ) | (1.3 | ) | (2.3 | ) | (3.3 | ) | ||||||||
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| Net income | $ | 159.5 | $ | 61.0 | $ | 40.8 | $ | 30.2 | $ | 60.5 | $ | 36.6 | $ | 39.6 | ||||||||
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Nine Months ended
September 30, |
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Year ended December 31,
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(U.S. GAAP)
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2006
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2005
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2005
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2004
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2003
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2002
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2001
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| Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.09 | $ | 0.53 | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.26 | $ | 0.52 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.34 | ||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.08 | $ | 0.53 | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.26 | $ | 0.52 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.34 | ||||||||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 146,645 | 115,699 | (4) | 115,699 | (4) | 115,699 | (4) | 115,699 | (4) | 115,699 | (4) | 115,699 | (4) | |||||||||
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 147,742 | 115,699 | (4) | 115,699 | (4) | 115,699 | (4) | 115,699 | (4) | 115,699 | (4) | 115,699 | (4) | |||||||||
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As of
September 30, |
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(U.S. GAAP)
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2006
(1)
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2005
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2004
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2003
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2002
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2001
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(in millions)
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| Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 3,220.2 | $ | 2,204.1 | $ | 1,982.3 | $ | 2,009.2 | $ | 1,999.8 | $ | 1,973.6 | ||||||
| Current assets | 1,259.5 | 1,464.2 | 1,264.6 | 1,293.9 | 1,227.6 | 1,225.9 | ||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | 634.5 | 685.0 | 486.9 | 513.2 | 434.2 | 481.8 | ||||||||||||
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| Working capital | $ | 625.0 | $ | 779.2 | $ | 777.7 | $ | 780.7 | $ | 793.4 | $ | 744.1 | ||||||
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| Long term liabilities (3) | $ | 944.4 | $ | 684.9 | $ | 694.7 | $ | 736.2 | $ | 877.8 | $ | 823.9 | ||||||
| Stockholders' equity | $ | 1,603.2 | $ | 799.1 | $ | 767.5 | $ | 728.5 | $ | 662.2 | $ | 639.8 | ||||||
18
Selected Financial Data of Archipelago (as the predecessor to NYSE Arca)
The selected financial data presented below is derived from Archipelago's consolidated financial statements, which have been audited by Ernst and Young LLP, independent registered public accountants. Such selected financial data should be read in connection with Archipelago's consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this prospectus and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Archipelago." Historical financial statement information may not be indicative of Archipelago's future performance.
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Year ended December 31,
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(U.S. GAAP)
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|||||||||||||||||
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2005
(1)
|
2004
(2)
|
2003
|
2002
(3)
|
2001
|
|||||||||||||
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(in millions, except per share data)
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| Results of Operations | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenues (4) : | |||||||||||||||||
| Transaction fees | $ | 425.0 | $ | 434.5 | $ | 380.6 | $ | 346.2 | $ | 172.2 | |||||||
| Activity assessment fees (5) | 48.0 | | | | | ||||||||||||
| Market data fees (6) | 62.0 | 56.4 | 29.0 | 1.7 | | ||||||||||||
| Listing and other fees | 6.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | | ||||||||||||
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| 541.4 | 491.3 | 410.1 | 348.2 | 172.2 | |||||||||||||
| Equity entitlements (7) | | | | | (17.0 | ) | |||||||||||
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|||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 541.4 | 491.3 | 410.1 | 348.2 | 155.2 | ||||||||||||
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| Expenses (4) : | |||||||||||||||||
| Section 31 fees (5) | 48.0 | | | | | ||||||||||||
| Liquidity payments (8) | 206.9 | 203.5 | 154.2 | 45.8 | | ||||||||||||
| Routing charges | 66.7 | 88.7 | 113.8 | 150.5 | 63.9 | ||||||||||||
| Clearance, brokerage and other transaction expenses (9) | 5.9 | 13.7 | 45.0 | 86.8 | 29.1 | ||||||||||||
| NYSE merger costs and related executive compensation (10) | 46.1 | | | | | ||||||||||||
| Other employee compensation and benefits | 51.6 | 38.4 | 36.1 | 21.6 | 21.7 | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 21.6 | 22.9 | 25.9 | 16.6 | 10.1 | ||||||||||||
| Communications | 19.5 | 16.3 | 18.3 | 23.1 | 26.8 | ||||||||||||
| Marketing and promotion | 22.2 | 20.1 | 8.1 | 19.0 | 24.5 | ||||||||||||
| Legal and professional | 12.6 | 11.1 | 8.3 | 7.0 | 6.5 | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 6.7 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 16.2 | 11.3 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 8.0 | ||||||||||||
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|||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 524.0 | 430.2 | 423.6 | 381.4 | 192.6 | ||||||||||||
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|
|||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 17.4 | 61.1 | (13.5 | ) | (33.2 | ) | (37.4 | ) | |||||||||
| Interest and other, net | 4.5 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 3.3 | ||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment owned | | | | (2.7 | ) | (3.9 | ) | ||||||||||
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| Income (loss) before income tax provision | 21.9 | 62.7 | (12.9 | ) | (34.6 | ) | (38.0 | ) | |||||||||
| Income tax provision (11) | 9.4 | 5.3 | | | | ||||||||||||
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| Income (loss) from continuing operations | 12.5 | 57.4 | (12.9 | ) | (34.6 | ) | (38.0 | ) | |||||||||
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations (12) | 3.8 | 11.5 | 14.7 | (1.0 | ) | | |||||||||||
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| Net income (loss) | 16.3 | 68.9 | 1.8 | (35.6 | ) | (38.0 | ) | ||||||||||
| Deemed dividend on convertible preferred shares (13) | | (9.6 | ) | | | | |||||||||||
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| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | 16.3 | $ | 59.3 | $ | 1.8 | $ | (35.6 | ) | $ | (38.0 | ) | |||||
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| Basic earnings (loss) per share from: | |||||||||||||||||
| Continuing operations | $ | 0.27 | $ | 1.42 | $ | (0.36 | ) | $ | (1.11 | ) | $ | (2.35 | ) | ||||
| Discontinued operations | 0.08 | 0.29 | 0.41 | (0.03 | ) | | |||||||||||
| Deemed dividend on convertible preferred shares (13) | | (0.24 | ) | | | | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per share (14) | $ | 0.35 | $ | 1.47 | $ | 0.05 | $ | (1.14 | ) | $ | (2.35 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
19
|
|
Year ended December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(U.S. GAAP)
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
2005
(1)
|
2004
(2)
|
2003
|
2002
(3)
|
2001
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
(in millions, except per share data)
|
||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share from: | |||||||||||||||||
| Continuing operations | $ | 0.26 | $ | 1.34 | $ | (0.35 | ) | $ | (1.11 | ) | $ | (2.35 | ) | ||||
| Discontinued operations | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.40 | (0.03 | ) | | |||||||||||
| Deemed dividend on convertible preferred shares (13) | | (0.22 | ) | | | | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share (14) | $ | 0.34 | $ | 1.38 | $ | 0.05 | $ | (1.14 | ) | $ | (2.35 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding (14) | 46.8 | 40.3 | 36.2 | 31.2 | 16.2 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (14) | 47.8 | 42.9 | 37.0 | 31.2 | 16.2 | ||||||||||||
|
|
As of December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(U.S. GAAP)
|
||||||||||||||||
|
2005
(1)
|
2004
(2)
|
2003
|
2002
(3)
|
2001
|
||||||||||||
|
|
(in millions, except per share data)
|
|||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet(3) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents (1) (5) (15) (16) | $ | 134.4 | $ | 145.2 | $ | 94.4 | $ | 28.2 | $ | 54.8 | ||||||
| Receivables from brokers, dealers and customers, net (5) | 56.6 | 31.4 | 31.7 | 21.6 | 20.8 | |||||||||||
| Receivables from related parties, net (4) | 23.3 | 42.9 | 35.4 | 16.2 | 10.1 | |||||||||||
| Total assets | 579.8 | 543.9 | 471.3 | 379.6 | 234.4 | |||||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | 422.1 | 460.9 | 303.3 | 302.8 | 195.8 | |||||||||||
20
clear trades it routed to other market centers for execution. In addition, due to the lower percentage of orders routed out to other market centers, Archipelago's number of trades subject to clearing costs has decreased.
21
Selected Historical Financial Data of Euronext
The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial data for Euronext. The selected IFRS balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 and the selected IFRS income statement data for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2005 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes set forth on pages FIN-114 to FIN-207 of this document. The selected IFRS balance sheet data as of June 30, 2006, and selected IFRS income statement data for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, have been derived from the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes set forth on pages FIN-88 to FIN-113 of this document. The selected IFRS balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the selected IFRS income statement data for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2002, have been derived from audited consolidated financial statements and related notes not included in this document. The selected IFRS balance sheet data as of June 30, 2006, and the operating data for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, include, in the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of such data. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year, nor is the information below necessarily indicative of Euronext's future results. The information presented here is only a summary, and it should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements set forth on pages FIN-114 to FIN-207 and the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements set forth on pages FIN-88 to FIN-113 of this document, as well as "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Euronext."
Euronext's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union, which differ in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. For a description of the principal differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP as they relate to Euronext and to its consolidated subsidiaries, and for a reconciliation of Euronext's shareholders' equity and net income to U.S. GAAP, see Note 3.14 to the audited consolidated financial statements on pages FIN-197 to FIN-207 of this document, and Note 11 to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements on pages FIN-101 to FIN-113 of this document. U.S. GAAP shareholders' equity and net income data presented in the following tables has been derived from these Notes. Other U.S. GAAP data presented in the following tables has been derived from unaudited analyses prepared by Euronext from its accounting records.
22
|
|
Six Months ended
June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Year ended December 31,
|
||||||||||||||
|
(IFRS)
|
|||||||||||||||
|
2006
(5)
|
2005
|
2005
(4)
|
2004
|
2003
(3)
|
2002
(1)(2)
|
2001
|
|||||||||
|
|
(in millions of euros, except share and per share data)
|
||||||||||||||
| Results of Operations | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||
| Cash trading | €150.1 | €100.8 | €215.7 | €189.7 | €187.5 | €190.5 | €177.4 | ||||||||
| Listing fees | 22.9 | 20.8 | 63.1 | 43.3 | 30.7 | 38.4 | 49.7 | ||||||||
| Derivatives trading | 205.0 | 162.2 | 331.9 | 324.9 | 300.0 | 290.1 | 84.3 | ||||||||
| Clearing | | | | | 165.1 | 183.7 | 172.8 | ||||||||
| MTS fixed income | 12.4 | | 1.4 | | | | | ||||||||
| Settlement and Custody | 7.0 | 22.0 | 39.3 | 33.1 | 28.2 | 29.1 | 33.3 | ||||||||
| Information services | 54.3 | 43.9 | 93.6 | 87.3 | 91.2 | 92.1 | 64.3 | ||||||||
| Sale of software | 89.9 | 103.2 | 195.2 | 186.0 | 172.5 | 148.5 | 101.6 | ||||||||
| Other income | 16.1 | 8.3 | 21.7 | 22.5 | 15.8 | 24.2 | 14.5 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total revenues | 557.7 | 461.2 | 961.9 | 886.8 | 991.0 | 996.6 | 697.9 | ||||||||
|
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Salaries and employee benefits | 130.7 | 131.6 | 264.4 | 272.0 | 267.8 | 296.6 | 199.0 | ||||||||
| Depreciation | 14.2 | 33.3 | 49.7 | 67.4 | 67.6 | 74.1 | 36.7 | ||||||||
| Goodwill amortization (6) | | | | 39.9 | 64.8 | 53.1 | 19.0 | ||||||||
| IT expenses | 82.4 | 56.5 | 139.8 | 129.3 | 187.8 | 176.5 | 176.8 | ||||||||
| Office, telecom and consultancy | 64.3 | 51.5 | 98.8 | 84.4 | 86.2 | 100.5 | 74.6 | ||||||||
| Accommodation | 22.8 | 26.4 | 50.1 | 51.0 | 52.9 | 52.4 | 20.1 | ||||||||
| Marketing | 11.0 | 7.4 | 15.6 | 15.3 | 19.3 | 16.1 | 20.1 | ||||||||
| Other expenses | 11.9 | 14.5 | 25.0 | 27.3 | 35.7 | 42.6 | 52.6 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Operating expenses | 337.3 | 321.2 | 643.4 | 686.6 | 782.1 | 811.9 | 598.9 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Profit from operations | 220.4 | 140.0 | 318.5 | 200.2 | 208.9 | 184.7 | 99.0 | ||||||||
| Net financing income (expense) | 8.3 | 7.1 | 13.4 | 7.7 | 23.6 | (0.5 | ) | 81.6 | |||||||
| Impairment of investments | | | | | (47.1 | ) | | | |||||||
| Gain on disposal of discontinued operation | | | | | 175.1 | | | ||||||||
| Gain (loss) on sale of associates and activities | 15.5 | | 9.1 | 4.4 | (1.2 | ) | 97.4 | 33.8 | |||||||
| Income (loss) from associates | 19.3 | 2.7 | 18.5 | 3.3 | 2.4 | (4.2 | ) | 5.6 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total | 43.1 | 9.8 | 41.0 | 15.4 | 152.8 | 92.7 | 121.0 | ||||||||
|
Profit before tax |
|
263.5 |
|
149.8 |
|
359.5 |
|
215.6 |
|
361.7 |
|
277.4 |
|
220.0 |
|
| Income tax expense | 64.3 | 44.7 | 104.3 | 54.8 | 134.6 | 92.6 | 86.0 | ||||||||
| Profit for the period | 199.2 | 105.1 | 255.2 | 160.8 | 227.1 | 184.8 | 134.0 | ||||||||
|
Attributable to shareholders of the parent company |
|
193.7 |
|
98.4 |
|
241.8 |
|
149.7 |
|
211.7 |
|
166.2 |
|
127.3 |
|
| Minority interests | 5.5 | 6.7 | 13.4 | 11.1 | 15.4 | 18.6 | 6.7 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Basic earnings per share | 1.74 | 0.88 | 2.18 | 1.28 | 1.77 | 1.39 | 1.20 | ||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share | 1.73 | 0.87 | 2.17 | 1.28 | 1.76 | 1.38 | 1.19 | ||||||||
|
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |
|
111,047,780 |
|
112,176,426 |
|
110,603,062 |
|
116,786,810 |
|
119,419,446 |
|
118,942,571 |
|
105,879,031 |
|
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 111,947,534 | 112,635,254 | 111,105,390 | 117,277,653 | 120,207,882 | 119,761,119 | 106,763,098 | ||||||||
|
Dividends declared per share (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Euro | | | 4.00 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.35 | ||||||||
| US$ | | | 4.74 | 0.81 | 0.63 | 0.47 | 0.31 | ||||||||
23
|
|
Six Months ended June 30
|
Year ended December 31,
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(U.S. GAAP) |
|||||||||
|
2006
(5)
|
2005
|
2005
(4)
|
2004
|
||||||
|
|
(in millions of euros, except share and per share data)
|
||||||||
| Results of operations | |||||||||
| Revenues | 536.4 | 456.4 | 945.5 | 881.1 | |||||
| Operating expenses | 346.3 | 331.0 | 665.7 | 681.2 | |||||
| Operating income | 190.1 | 125.4 | 279.8 | 199.9 | |||||
| Net income | 169.7 | 100.5 | 221.1 | 173.9 | |||||
|
Basic earnings per share |
|
1.53 |
|
0.90 |
|
2.00 |
|
1.49 |
|
| Diluted earnings per share | 1.51 | 0.89 | 1.99 | 1.48 | |||||
|
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |
|
111,047,780 |
|
112,176,426 |
|
110,603,062 |
|
116,786,810 |
|
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 112,113,185 | 112,738,045 | 111,148,538 | 117,488,361 | |||||
|
Dividends declared per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Euro | | | 4.00 | 0.60 | |||||
| US$ | | | 4.74 | 0.81 | |||||
24
25
Selected Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Data of NYSE Euronext
The following table shows information about the pro forma financial condition and results of operations, including per share data, of NYSE Euronext after giving effect to the combination and the post-closing reorganization.
The table sets forth selected unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, as if the combination and the post-closing reorganization had become effective on January 1, 2005, and selected unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet data as of September 30, 2006, as if the combination and the post-closing reorganization had become effective on that date. The information presented below should be read together with the publicly available historical consolidated financial statements of NYSE Group, the NYSE, Archipelago and Euronext, including the related notes, and together with the consolidated historical financial data for NYSE Group, the NYSE, Archipelago and Euronext and the other unaudited pro forma financial data, including the related notes, and Euronext's unaudited summary results as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, appearing elsewhere in this document. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Data for NYSE Euronext." The unaudited pro forma financial data is not necessarily indicative of results that actually would have occurred had the combination and post closing reorganization been completed on the dates indicated or that may be obtained in the future. See also "Risk Factors" and "Forward-Looking Statements."
|
|
Nine Months ended
September 30, 2006 |
Year ended
December 31, 2005 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
(in millions, except per share data)
|
|||||
| Total revenues (excluding activity assessment fees) | $ | 2,319.1 | $ | 2,751.9 | ||
| Income from continuing operations | $ | 406.9 | $ | 208.6 | ||
| Basic earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 1.54 | $ | 0.80 | ||
| Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 1.52 | $ | 0.79 | ||
|
|
|
As of September 30,
2006 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
(in millions)
|
|||
| Total assets | $ | 15,859.2 | |||
| Total liabilities | $ | 7,526.8 | |||
| Stockholders' equity | $ | 8,253.2 | |||
26
COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA PER SHARE DATA
(Unaudited)
Set forth below are historical and pro forma amounts, per share of NYSE Group common stock and per Euronext share, of income from continuing operations, cash dividends and book value. The exchange ratio for the pro forma computations is one share of NYSE Euronext common stock for each share of NYSE Group common stock, and €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock for each Euronext share.
The following table also sets forth combined per share data on an unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated basis. The pro forma amounts were derived using the purchase method of accounting for business combinations as described under "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Data for NYSE Euronext." In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force No. 99-12, Determination of the Measurement Date for the Market Price of Acquirer Securities Issued in a Purchase Business Combination , the fair value of NYSE Euronext securities to be issued to Euronext shareholders to effect the combination will be based on a stock price of $61.70 per share, which corresponds to the average closing stock price of a NYSE Group common stock for the five-day period beginning two days before and ending two days after June 1, 2006 (the date the combination was agreed to and announced), and not the price of a Euronext share when the combination is completed. The closing price of a NYSE Group share on November 24, 2006 (the last trading day prior to the date of this document) was $108.26 per share.
You should read the information below together with the financial statements and related notes of NYSE Group and Euronext appearing elsewhere in this document. The unaudited pro forma combined data below is for illustrative purposes only. The financial results may have been different had the companies always been combined. You should not rely on this information as being indicative of the historical results that would have been achieved had the companies always been combined or of the future results of NYSE Euronext. You should read the pro forma information below together with the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial data included under "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Data for NYSE Euronext."
27
|
|
Nine Months ended
September 30, 2006 |
Year ended
December 31, 2005 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYSE Group Pro Forma Per Share Data | ||||||
| Basic earnings per common share from continuing operations | $ | 1.28 | $ | 0.59 | ||
| Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations | $ | 1.27 | $ | 0.58 | ||
| Cash dividends per common share | $ | | $ | | ||
| Book value per common share at end of period | $ | 10.27 | $ | 8.79 | ||
|
Euronext Historical Per Share Data* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic earnings per common share from continuing operations | $ | 2.70 | $ | 2.49 | ||
| Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations | $ | 2.68 | $ | 2.48 | ||
| Cash dividends per common share | $ | 4.98 | $ | 0.75 | ||
| Book value per common share at end of period | $ | 18.60 | $ | 19.45 | ||
|
Euronext Equivalent Pro Forma Per Share Data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic earnings per share from continuing operations** | $ | 1.51 | $ | 0.78 | ||
| Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations** | $ | 1.49 | $ | 0.77 | ||
| Cash dividends per common share** | $ | 2.03 | $ | 0.30 | ||
| Book value per common share at end of period** | $ | 30.20 | $ | 29.75 | ||
|
NYSE Euronext Pro Forma Per Share Data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic earnings per common share from continuing operations*** | $ | 1.03 | $ | 0.80 | ||
| Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations*** | $ | 1.02 | $ | 0.79 | ||
| Cash dividends per common share | $ | 2.07 | $ | 0.31 | ||
| Book value per common share at end of period | $ | 30.81 | $ | 30.36 | ||
28
COMPARATIVE PER SHARE MARKET INFORMATION
The following table sets forth the closing market price per share of NYSE Group common stock and per Euronext share in U.S. dollars or euros, as the case may be, as reported on the NYSE for NYSE Group common stock and as reported on Euronext Paris (Eurolist by Euronext) for the Euronext shares. In each case, the prices are given:
See "Proposal 1: The CombinationStock Exchange Listing and Stock Prices" for further information about the historical market prices of these securities.
The table also presents the implied equivalent value of each Euronext share based on the standard offer consideration of €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock for each Euronext share. For purposes of calculating the implied value of a Euronext share as of any particular date, each share of NYSE Euronext common stock was assumed to have a value equal to the closing market price per share of NYSE Group common stock on such date, as reported on the NYSE, and such value was converted into euros at a rate of €1.00 = $1.2833, which was the Federal Reserve Bank of New York noon buying rate on May 31, 2006, or at a rate of €1.00 = $1.3081, which was the Federal Reserve Bank of New York noon buying rate on November 24, 2006, as applicable.
You are urged to obtain current market quotations for shares of NYSE Group common stock and Euronext shares before making your decision with respect to the approval and adoption of the combination agreement. NYSE Group's common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol "NYX." Euronext shares are listed on Euronext Paris (Eurolist by Euronext) under the symbol "NXT."
The market price of NYSE Group common stock or Euronext shares could change significantly and may not be indicative of the value of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock once they start trading. Because the exchange ratios will not be adjusted for changes in the market price of NYSE Group common stock or Euronext shares, the value of the shares of NYSE Euronext common stock that you will receive at the time of completion of the combination may vary significantly from the market value of the shares of NYSE Euronext common stock that you would have received if the combination were consummated on the date of the combination agreement or on the date of this document.
|
|
NYSE Group
Common Stock |
Euronext Share
|
Implied Equivalent
Value of Euronext Share |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 31, 2006 | $ | 59.80 | €67.00 | €66.99 | |||
| November 24, 2006 | $ | 108.26 | €95.45 | €104.08 | |||
29
The following tables show, for the periods indicated, information concerning the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the euro. The average rates for the monthly periods presented in these tables were calculated by taking the simple average of the daily noon buying rates, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The average rates for the interim periods and annual periods presented in these tables were calculated by taking the simple average of the noon buying rates on the last day of each month during the relevant period. This information is provided solely for your information, and neither NYSE Group nor Euronext represent that euros could be converted into U.S. dollars at these rates or at any other rate. These rates are not the rates used by Euronext in the preparation of their respective consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.
The data provided in the following table are expressed in U.S. dollars per euro and are based on noon buying rates published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for the euro. On May 31, 2006, the date immediately prior to the announcement of the combination, the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the euro expressed in U.S. dollar per euro was €1.00 = $1.2833. On November 24, 2006, the most recent practicable date prior to the printing of this prospectus, the exchange rate was €1.00 = $1.3081.
|
Recent Monthly Data
|
Period-end
Rate (1) |
Average Rate
(2)
|
High
|
Low
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| November 2006 (through November 24, 2006) | $ | 1.3081 | $ | 1.2821 | $ | 1.3081 | $ | 1.2705 | ||||
| October 2006 | 1.2773 | 1.2617 | 1.2773 | 1.2502 | ||||||||
| September 2006 | 1.2687 | 1.2722 | 1.2833 | 1.2648 | ||||||||
| August 2006 | 1.2793 | 1.2810 | 1.2914 | 1.2735 | ||||||||
| July 2006 | 1.2764 | 1.2681 | 1.2822 | 1.2500 | ||||||||
| June 2006 | 1.2779 | 1.2661 | 1.2953 | 1.2522 | ||||||||
| May 2006 | 1.2833 | 1.2767 | 1.2888 | 1.2607 | ||||||||
| April 2006 | 1.2624 | 1.2273 | 1.2624 | 1.2091 | ||||||||
| March 2006 | 1.2139 | 1.2028 | 1.2197 | 1.1886 | ||||||||
| February 2006 | 1.1925 | 1.1940 | 1.2100 | 1.1860 | ||||||||
| January 2006 | 1.2158 | 1.2126 | 1.2287 | 1.1980 | ||||||||
| December 2005 | 1.1842 | 1.1861 | 1.2041 | 1.1699 | ||||||||
|
Interim Period Data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Three months ended September 30, 2006 | $ | 1.2687 | $ | 1.2741 | $ | 1.2914 | $ | 1.2500 | ||||
| Three months ended September 30, 2005 | 1.2058 | 1.2196 | 1.2538 | 1.1917 | ||||||||
| Nine months ended September 30, 2006 | 1.2687 | 1.2453 | 1.2953 | 1.1860 | ||||||||
| Nine months ended September 30, 2005 | 1.2058 | 1.2628 | 1.3476 | 1.1917 | ||||||||
|
Annual Data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (Year ended December 31,) | ||||||||||||
| 2005 | $ | 1.1842 | $ | 1.2449 | $ | 1.3476 | $ | 1.1667 | ||||
| 2004 | 1.3538 | 1.2438 | 1.3625 | 1.1801 | ||||||||
| 2003 | 1.2597 | 1.1321 | 1.2597 | 1.0361 | ||||||||
| 2002 | 1.0485 | 0.9495 | 1.0485 | 0.8594 | ||||||||
| 2001 | 0.8901 | 0.8952 | 0.9535 | 0.8370 | ||||||||
30
In addition to the other information contained in this document, including the matters addressed under "Forward-Looking Statements," you should carefully consider the following risk factors.
Risks Relating to the Combination
Because the exchange ratio in the merger and exchange offer are fixed, the market value of the consideration paid to you in the combination may be less than the market value of your NYSE Group common stock or Euronext shares.
NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders who receive shares in the combination will receive a fixed number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock (and, in the case of the Euronext shareholders, a fixed amount of cash) rather than a number of shares with a particular fixed market value. The market value of NYSE Group common stock and Euronext shares at the time of the combination or the post-closing reorganization may vary significantly from their prices on the date of the combination agreement, the date of this document, the date on which NYSE Group stockholders or Euronext shareholders vote on the combination, or the date on which Euronext shareholders tender their shares in the exchange offer or the date of the consummation of the merger, the exchange offer or the post-closing reorganization. Because the exchange ratios will not be adjusted to reflect any changes in the market price of NYSE Group common stock or Euronext shares, the value of the consideration paid to the NYSE Group stockholders in the merger and the Euronext shareholders who tender their shares in the exchange offer may be higher or lower than the market value of their shares on earlier dates.
Changes in stock price may result from a variety of factors that are beyond the control of NYSE Group and Euronext, including changes in their respective businesses, operations and prospects, regulatory considerations, governmental actions, and legal proceedings and developments. Market assessments of the benefits of the combination and of the likelihood that the combination will be completed, and general and industry specific market and economic conditions may also have an effect on prices. Neither NYSE Group nor Euronext is permitted to terminate the combination agreement solely because of changes in the market price of either party's shares. See "The Combination AgreementTermination" for a description of the circumstances in which NYSE Group and Euronext may terminate the combination agreement and "The Combination AgreementThird-Party Acquisition Proposals" for a description of the circumstances in which NYSE Group and Euronext may respond to acquisition proposals received from third parties.
In addition, it is possible that the combination and the post-closing reorganization may not be completed until a significant period of time has passed after the shareholder meetings. As a result, the market values of NYSE Group common stock and Euronext shares may vary significantly from the date of the shareholder meetings to the date of the completion of the combination. You are urged to obtain up-to-date prices for NYSE Group common stock and Euronext shares. See "Proposal 1: The CombinationStock Exchange Listing and Stock Prices" for ranges of historic prices of shares of NYSE Group common stock and Euronext shares.
If you are a Euronext shareholder, your ability to increase the amount of cash or the number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock that you receive in the exchange offer pursuant to the cash election or stock election, respectively, will be subject to proration in the event of an oversubscription of the cash election or the stock election.
In the exchange offer, Euronext shareholders will be offered the right to exchange each of their Euronext shares for €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock. Instead of receiving this standard offer consideration, Euronext shareholders will have an opportunity to make either a cash election to receive all cash for their Euronext shares, or a stock election to receive all stock for their Euronext shares. These elections, however, are subject to proration to ensure that the total amount of cash
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paid, and the total number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock issued, in the exchange offer to the Euronext shareholders, as a whole, are equal to the total amount of cash and number of shares that would have been paid and issued, respectively, if all exchanging Euronext shareholders received the standard offer consideration.
As a result, the consideration that any particular Euronext shareholder receives if he or she makes the cash election or the stock election will not be known at the time that he or she makes the election because the consideration will depend on the total number of Euronext shareholders who make the cash election and the total number of Euronext shareholders who make the stock election. If the cash election is oversubscribed, then Euronext shareholders who have made the cash election will receive some shares of NYSE Euronext common stock in lieu of the full amount of cash sought for their Euronext shares. Likewise, if the stock election is oversubscribed, then Euronext shareholders who have made the stock election will receive some cash in lieu of the full number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock sought for their Euronext shares. Accordingly, if Euronext shareholders make the stock election or the cash election with respect to their Euronext shares, and if either is oversubscribed, they may not receive exactly the amount and type of consideration that they elected to receive in the exchange offer, which could result in, among other things, tax consequences that differ from those that would have resulted if they had received the form of consideration that they had elected.
Because there is no way to predict the market value of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock after the combination, if you are a Euronext shareholder, the value of the consideration that you will receive in the exchange offer may vary depending on the type of election that you make. Euronext shareholders who make the cash election or stock election will receive, subject to proration, a different amount of cash and number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock than the standard offer consideration, based on an implied cash value per share of NYSE Euronext common stock equal to the volume weighted average price of a share of NYSE Group common stock during the 10 consecutive trading days ending the day immediately prior to the date of filing the exchange offer with the AMF. This implied cash value, however, may be different from the actual market value of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock upon completion of the exchange offer. As a result, the value of the consideration received by Euronext shareholders who make any particular election may vary from the value of the consideration received by Euronext shareholders who make a different election or no election.
For a discussion of the election mechanism and possible proration for those who make the cash election or stock election, see "The Combination AgreementThe Exchange OfferConsideration Offered to Euronext Shareholders" and "The Combination AgreementThe Exchange OfferMix and Match Election."
If the exchange offer is successful, but some Euronext shares remain outstanding, the liquidity and market value of these Euronext shares held by the public could be adversely affected by the fact that they will be held by a small number of holders.
Depending upon the number of Euronext shares tendered in the exchange offer, following the successful completion of the exchange offer, Euronext shares may no longer meet the requirements of Euronext Paris for continued listing. Moreover, to the extent permitted under applicable law and stock exchange regulations, NYSE Euronext intends to request the delisting of Euronext shares, which are listed on Euronext Paris (Eurolist by Euronext). Such delisting may also occur because of certain actions taken in connection with the post-closing reorganization.
If the Euronext shares are delisted from Euronext Paris (Eurolist by Euronext) but the post-closing reorganization has not yet been (or is never able to be) completed and Euronext shares remain outstanding, the market for Euronext shares could be adversely affected. Although it is possible that Euronext shares would be traded in over-the-counter ("OTC") markets prior to the post-closing reorganization, such alternative trading markets may not occur. In addition, the extent of the public market
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for the Euronext shares and the availability of market quotations would depend upon the number of holders and/or the aggregate market value of Euronext shares remaining at such time, as well as the interest in maintaining a market in Euronext shares on the part of securities firms. If Euronext shares are delisted, Euronext could also cease making disclosures and reports required for listed or publicly-traded companies, which could further impact the value of the Euronext shares. To the extent the availability of such continued listings or quotations depends on steps taken by Euronext or NYSE Euronext, Euronext or NYSE Euronext may or may not take such steps. Therefore, you should not rely on any such listing or quotation or trading being available.
NYSE Euronext may not be able to complete the post-closing reorganization of Euronext and its subsidiaries promptly after the combination, or at all. In addition, even if NYSE Euronext is able to effect a post-closing reorganization, the consideration that Euronext shareholders receive in the post-closing reorganization may be substantially different in form and/or value than the consideration that they would have received had they tendered their Euronext shares in the exchange offer (and they may also be subject to additional taxes).
If the exchange offer is successfully completed, NYSE Euronext plans to effect a post-closing reorganization of Euronext and its subsidiaries that is intended to result in Euronext becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of NYSE Euronext. The post-closing reorganization will be structured to provide the Euronext shareholders who did not exchange their Euronext shares in the exchange offer with the same consideration that they would have received had they tendered their Euronext shares in the exchange offer and not made the cash election or stock election (that is, €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock per Euronext share). However, NYSE Euronext may not be able to effect the post-closing reorganization promptly after the combination, or at all. NYSE Euronext has committed to Euronext's regulators that, if less than half of the issued share capital of Euronext is represented at the Euronext extraordinary meeting at which Euronext shareholders are asked to approve the combination agreement, NYSE Euronext will not commence the post-closing reorganization unless either: (1) the Euronext shareholders approve the combination by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast at the Euronext extraordinary meeting; or (2) NYSE Euronext shall have acquired at least two-thirds of the outstanding share capital of Euronext as a result of the exchange offer (as extended, if applicable) and any subsequent trades to the extent permitted by applicable law. In addition, the post-closing reorganization could be the subject of litigation, and a court could delay the post-closing reorganization or prohibit it from occurring on the terms described in this document, or from occurring at all. Accordingly, Euronext shareholders who do not tender their Euronext shares in the exchange offer may not receive the standard offer consideration for such shares promptly after the combination, or at all.
In addition, even if NYSE Euronext is able to complete the post-closing reorganization, the consideration that Euronext shareholders will receive in the post-closing reorganization may be substantially different in form and/or value than the consideration that they would have received had they tendered their Euronext shares in the exchange offer. Such differences could result from the fact that:
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For example, although the structure of the post-closing reorganization may not be determined until after the expiration of the exchange offer, in the event that less than 95% of the outstanding Euronext shares are acquired in the exchange offer, it is currently anticipated that a significant portion of the consideration paid to Euronext shareholders pursuant to the post-closing reorganization will be subject to Dutch dividend withholding tax. Application of the Dutch dividend withholding tax could cause the net value of the consideration received by Euronext shareholders in the post-closing reorganization to be substantially less than the net value of the consideration such shareholders would have received had they tendered their Euronext shares in the exchange offer.
In addition, in the event that 95% or more of the issued and outstanding share capital of Euronext is tendered in the exchange offer, NYSE Euronext may at its option effectuate the post-closing reorganization by initiating a compulsory acquisition procedure ( uitkoopregeling ) in accordance with section 2:92a of the Dutch Civil Code. In such circumstances, the price to be paid for the Euronext shares acquired in such compulsory acquisition would be cash only, in an amount determined by the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeals, which may be in an amount that is substantially more or less than the value of the consideration that Euronext shareholders received in the exchange offer.
For more information on the post-closing reorganization and the Dutch tax consequences associated with it, see "The Combination AgreementPost-Closing Reorganization" and "Proposal 1: The CombinationMaterial Dutch Tax ConsequencesPost-Closing Reorganization Effectuated Other Than Pursuant To The Compulsory Acquisition ProcedureDividend Withholding Tax."
If you are a NYSE Group stockholder, the value of the NYSE Euronext common stock that you receive in the merger may change if NYSE Euronext determines to increase the exchange offer consideration paid to holders of Euronext shares.
If the proposed combination is approved, and the exchange offer is successful, NYSE Group stockholders will receive in the merger one share of NYSE Euronext common stock for each of their shares of NYSE Group common stock. The value of the NYSE Euronext common stock that the NYSE Group stockholders will receive in the merger will depend on, among other things, the number of NYSE Euronext shares issued and the amount of cash paid to the Euronext stockholders in the exchange offer. The standard exchange offer consideration is €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock. It is possible, however, that NYSE Euronext may determine at a later date to increase the exchange offer consideration, in the form of additional cash, additional shares of NYSE Euronext common stock, or both. NYSE Euronext may increase the exchange offer consideration because it determines that it needs to do so in order to (1) obtain approval of the Euronext shareholders for the combination at the Euronext extraordinary meeting, (2) cause a sufficient number of Euronext shares to be tendered in the exchange offer to satisfy the minimum tender condition, and/or (3) to take certain post-closing reorganization steps requiring the acquisition of a minimum percentage of outstanding Euronext shares. See "The Combination AgreementConditions to Completing the CombinationConditions to Completing the Exchange Offer" and "The Combination AgreementPost-Closing ReorganizationStructural Steps to Effect the Post-Closing Reorganization". If NYSE Euronext increases the cash consideration, it may have additional indebtedness or less cash after the completion of the combination. If NYSE Euronext increases the stock consideration, NYSE Group stockholders will have a lower percentage interest in NYSE Euronext after completion of the combination. If NYSE Euronext decides to increase the exchange offer consideration, it will not resolicit approval from the NYSE Group stockholders. Accordingly, if you are a NYSE Group stockholder, there is risk that the value of the consideration that you receive in the merger will be less than the value of the consideration that you expected to receive as of the date of this document or as of the date of the NYSE Group special meeting.
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NYSE Euronext may not be able to successfully integrate the businesses and operations of NYSE Group and Euronext in a timely fashion or at all.
NYSE Group and Euronext operate as independent companies, and will continue to do so until the completion of the combination. Following the combination, NYSE Group and Euronext are committed to a policy of decentralized management under which their respective operating subsidiaries, including the exchanges, will have autonomy in respect of day-to-day operating decisions. NYSE Euronext expects that this approach will ease some of the challenges of integration. Nonetheless, NYSE Euronext expects to integrate certain of the management and technological functions of NYSE Group and Euronext. NYSE Euronext management may face significant challenges in integrating the two companies' technologies, organizations, procedures, policies and operations, as well as in addressing differences in the business cultures of the two companies, and retaining key NYSE Group and Euronext personnel. The integration process may prove to be complex and time consuming and require substantial resources and effort. It may also disrupt each company's ongoing businesses, which may adversely affect NYSE Euronext's relationships with market participants, employees, regulators and others with whom NYSE Group and Euronext have business or other dealings.
The merger between the NYSE and Archipelago, which was completed on March 7, 2006, may add further challenges and complexity. NYSE Group is currently in the process of integrating the businesses of the NYSE and Archipelago, and this process is not expected to be completed before the completion of the combination. In addition, on October 25, 2006, NYSE Group and the American Stock Exchange announced that they had entered into an agreement pursuant to which the NYSE would acquire the American Stock Exchange's one-third ownership interest in Securities Industry Automation Corporation ("SIAC") for approximately $40.3 million. This transaction was completed on November 1, 2006. As of that date, SIAC became a wholly owned subsidiary of the NYSE. As a result, NYSE Euronext's management may have to integrate the businesses of the NYSE, Archipelago, SIAC and Euronext simultaneously, which may be difficult. If NYSE Euronext fails to manage the integration of these businesses effectively, its growth strategy and future profitability could be negatively affected, and it may fail to achieve the anticipated benefits of the combination. In addition, difficulties in integrating these businesses could harm NYSE Euronext's reputation.
The combined company may fail to realize the anticipated cost savings, growth opportunities and synergies and other benefits anticipated from the combination.
The success of the combination will depend, in part, on NYSE Euronext's ability to realize anticipated cost savings, revenue synergies and growth opportunities from combining the businesses of NYSE Group and Euronext. NYSE Euronext expects to benefit from operational synergies resulting from the consolidation of capabilities and elimination of redundancies as well as greater efficiencies from increased scale, market integration and automation. Specifically, NYSE Group and Euronext expect that the combined company will achieve cost savings of approximately $275 million annually within three years after the combination (with approximately $55 million of these cost savings achieved by the end of the first year, $125 million by the end of the second year and the full $275 million by the end of the third year). Of this amount, an estimated $250 million is expected to result from the overall rationalization of the combined company's information technology systems and platforms, driven by the high level of compatibility among the current technology platforms maintained by NYSE Group and Euronext, and the remaining $25 million is expected to result from the rationalization of non-information technology related activities, including the integration of corporate support functions such as finance, and the streamlining of marketing and other corporate costs such as insurance, occupancy and professional services.
NYSE Group and Euronext also expect that the combination will create approximately $100 million in incremental revenues annually within three years after the combination. Of this amount, approximately $35 million is expected to be generated from cash equities trading, $45 million is expected to be generated from derivatives and the remaining $20 million is expected to be generated from listing fees. For more
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information about these projections, see "Proposal 1: The CombinationCertain Projections" and "Information About NYSE EuronextNYSE Euronext's Strategy."
There is a risk, however, that the businesses of NYSE Group and Euronext may not be combined in a manner that permits these costs savings and revenue synergies to be realized in the time currently expected, or at all. For example, the completion of the combination or the post-closing reorganization may be delayed, challenged by parties opposing the completion of the combination or the post-closing reorganization or not possible at all. This may limit or delay the NYSE Euronext management's ability to integrate the two companies' technologies, organizations, procedures, policies and operations. In addition, a variety of factors, including but not limited to wage inflation, currency fluctuations, and difficulty integrating technology platforms, may adversely affect NYSE Euronext's anticipated cost savings and revenues. Also, the combined company must achieve its anticipated cost savings without adversely affecting its revenues. If NYSE Euronext is not able to successfully achieve these objectives, the anticipated benefits of the combination may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected.
NYSE Euronext's results of operations may differ significantly from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data included in this document.
This document includes unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data giving effect to the combination of the NYSE, Euronext, Archipelago and PCX Holdings as if it had occurred as of January 1, 2005. This pro forma financial information is presented for illustrative purposes only and does not necessarily indicate the results of operations or the combined financial position that would have resulted had the combination been completed at the beginning of the periods presented, nor is it indicative of the results of operations in future periods or the future financial position of the combined businesses. In particular, it does not reflect benefits of expected costs savings or revenue opportunities with respect to the combination of the NYSE Group and Euronext. Accordingly, NYSE Euronext's results and financial condition may differ significantly from those portrayed by the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data included herein.
NYSE Euronext, NYSE Group and Euronext will incur significant transaction and combination-related costs in connection with the combination.
NYSE Group and Euronext expect to incur a number of non-recurring costs associated with combining the operations of the two companies, anticipated to be approximately $70 million in each of 2007 and 2008 and $40 million in 2009. In addition, NYSE Group and Euronext will incur legal, accounting and other transaction fees and other costs related to the combination, anticipated to be between $50 million and $75 million. Some of these costs are payable regardless of whether the combination is completed. Moreover, under specified circumstances, NYSE Group or Euronext may be required to reimburse certain expenses incurred by the other party in connection with the termination of the proposed combination. See "The Combination AgreementTerminationExpense Reimbursement." Additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in the integration of the businesses of the NYSE Group and Euronext.
Although NYSE Euronext expects that the elimination of duplicative costs, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the businesses, may offset these transaction- and combination-related costs over time, this net benefit may not be achieved in the near term, or at all.
If the combination is successful, NYSE Euronext will incur a substantial amount of debt to finance the cash portion of the consideration for the Euronext shares to be acquired, which could restrict its ability to engage in additional transactions or incur additional indebtedness.
In connection with the exchange offer, NYSE Euronext will enter into a credit facility agreement that permits NYSE Euronext to borrow amounts sufficient to fund the cash portion of the exchange offer, which is expected to be approximately $2.8 billion. NYSE Euronext may only borrow amounts under this
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credit facility agreement if the combination is successful. If the combination is successful, NYSE Euronext expects to use the credit facility as an undrawn back stop for a global commercial paper program, which NYSE Euronext will use mainly to finance the cash portion of the consideration to be paid to Euronext shareholders pursuant to the exchange offer. See "Proposal 1: The Combination-Credit Facility" for additional details. The credit facility includes terms and conditions customary for agreements of this type, which could restrict NYSE Euronext's ability to engage in additional transactions or incur additional indebtedness.
There will be material differences between the current rights of NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders and the rights they can expect to have as NYSE Euronext stockholders.
NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders that receive NYSE Euronext common stock in the combination will become NYSE Euronext stockholders, and their rights as stockholders will be governed by the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation and bylaws and by Delaware law. As a result, there will be material differences between the current rights of NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders and the rights they can expect to have as NYSE Euronext stockholders. For example, there is no current domicile requirement for directors of NYSE Group or Euronext. After the combination, the NYSE Euronext bylaws will provide that the NYSE Euronext board of directors will either be composed of: (1) an even number of U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries or (2) the smallest possible majority of U.S. domiciliaries and the largest possible minority of European domiciliaries (the initial NYSE Euronext board of directors will contain an even number of U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries, and this parity will be maintained unless the nominating and governance committee and the board of directors of NYSE Euronext, both equally composed of U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries, decide otherwise or unless the NYSE Euronext bylaws are amended by a supermajority vote). In addition, the bylaws will provide that the nominating and governance committee of the NYSE Euronext board of directors will be composed of an equal number of individuals who are U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries. Furthermore, the bylaws will provide that the positions of chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer of NYSE Euronext will be filled by one person who is a U.S. domiciliary and one person who is a European domiciliary. For purposes of these provisions, "Europe" means (1) any and all of the jurisdictions in which Euronext or any of its subsidiaries operates a European regulated market; (2) any member state of the European Economic Area as of the effective time of the combination and any state that becomes a member of the European Economic Area after the effective time of the combination; and (3) Switzerland (with "European" having a correlative meaning). These requirements cannot be changed unless approved by a resolution adopted by two-thirds of the directors then in office or a shareholder vote of 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of NYSE Euronext entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.
Another difference will be the voting and ownership limitations on NYSE Euronext common stock. The NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation will contain provisions prohibiting any person, acting either alone or together with its related persons (as defined in the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation and described under "Description of NYSE Euronext Capital StockOwnership and Voting Limits on NYSE Euronext Capital Stock"), from voting more than 10% of the then outstanding votes entitled to be cast on any matter, acquiring the ability to vote more than 10% of the then outstanding votes entitled to be cast on any matter by virtue of agreements entered into by other persons not to vote shares of NYSE Euronext capital stock, or owning beneficially shares of stock of NYSE Euronext representing in the aggregate more than 20% of the then outstanding votes entitled to be cast on any matter unless (1) the NYSE Euronext board resolves to expressly permit such voting or ownership in accordance with the standard for approving such voting or ownership set forth in the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation and (2) such resolution has been approved by the relevant European regulators and the SEC. These limitations are similar to the voting and ownership limitations currently imposed on NYSE Group common stock. Euronext shareholders are currently subject to a different voting and ownership
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limitation. Pursuant to section 26a of the Dutch Act on the Supervision of the Securities Trade 1995 ( Wet toezicht effectenverkeer 1995 ), a Euronext shareholder must obtain a declaration of no objection of the Dutch Minister of Finance in order to hold, directly or indirectly an interest of more than 10% of the outstanding capital or voting rights in Euronext. Similar restrictions also apply with respect to indirect ownership of qualifying interests or specific percentages of voting rights in certain regulated subsidiaries of Euronext (See "RegulationEuropean Regulation").
For a discussion of these and other material differences between the current rights of NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders and the rights they can expect to have as NYSE Euronext stockholders, see "Comparison of Shareholder Rights Prior to and After the Combination."
If you hold shares of NYSE Group common stock subject to certain transfer restrictions immediately prior to the merger, the shares of NYSE Euronext common stock that you receive in the merger in respect of those shares will be subject to the same transfer restrictions, which may prevent you from realizing gains during certain time periods.
Certain shares of NYSE Group common stock are currently subject to transfer restrictions as a result of restrictions set forth in the NYSE Group certificate of incorporation or agreements with the NYSE in connection with its merger with Archipelago. Any such shares that continue to be subject to transfer restrictions as of immediately prior to the merger will be exchanged in the merger for shares of NYSE Euronext common stock with the same transfer restriction (both in terms of scope and remaining duration). During the duration of these transfer restrictions, holders of these shares of NYSE Euronext common stock will be precluded from realizing any gains from the increase in the market price, if any, of these shares of NYSE Euronext common stock. For details of these transfer restrictions see "Description of NYSE Euronext Capital StockTransfer Restrictions on Certain Shares of NYSE Euronext Common Stock." No NYSE Euronext common stock received by Euronext shareholders in the combination will be subject to these transfer restrictions.
NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders will have a reduced ownership and voting interest after the combination and will exercise less influence over management.
After the completion of the combination, the NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders will own a smaller percentage of NYSE Euronext than they currently own of NYSE Group and Euronext, respectively. Upon completion of the combination, and assuming that all of the outstanding Euronext shares are validly tendered in the exchange offer and not withdrawn, former NYSE Group stockholders and former Euronext shareholders will own approximately 59% and 41%, respectively, of the outstanding common stock of NYSE Euronext immediately after the combination. Consequently, NYSE Group stockholders, as a group, will have reduced ownership and voting power in the combined company compared to their ownership and voting power in NYSE Group, and Euronext shareholders, as a group, will have reduced ownership and voting power in the combined company compared to their ownership and voting power in Euronext.
Obtaining required approvals may delay or prevent completion of the combination or reduce the anticipated benefits of the combination.
Completion of the combination is conditioned upon, among other things, the receipt of material governmental authorizations, consents, orders and approvals, including the approval of the SEC and certain European regulators. NYSE Group and Euronext intend to pursue all required approvals in accordance with their obligations under the combination agreement. In connection with granting these approvals, the respective governmental or other authorities may impose conditions on, or require divestitures or other changes relating to, the divisions, operations or assets of NYSE Group or Euronext. For example, the SEC and the European regulators may require changes to the structure, certificate of
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incorporation or bylaws of NYSE Euronext and its subsidiaries, as a precondition to their approval of the combination. Neither NYSE Group nor Euronext can predict what, if any, changes may be required. Certain changes may require NYSE Group or Euronext to obtain the approval of their respective shareholders and, therefore, to re-solicit proxies, which may result in significant additional expenses and costs. More generally, these and other conditions, divestitures or other changes may jeopardize or delay completion of the combination or may reduce the anticipated benefits of the combination. See "The Combination AgreementConditions to Completing the Combination" for a discussion of the conditions to the completion of the combination and "Proposal 1: The CombinationRegulatory Approvals" for a description of the regulatory approvals necessary in connection with the combination.
Risks Relating to NYSE Euronext's Business
NYSE Euronext will face numerous competitors in the United States, Europe and the rest of the world.
NYSE Euronext will face significant competition, in particular with respect to cash trading, derivatives trading (including a range of options on securities, securities futures, financial futures and options and commodities futures and options) and listings, and this competition is expected to intensify in the future. NYSE Euronext's current and prospective competitors in this realm, both domestically and around the world, are numerous and include both traditional and non-traditional execution and listings venues. These include regulated markets, electronic communications networks ("ECNs") and other alternative trading systems, market makers and other execution venues. NYSE Euronext also will face significant and growing competition from large brokers and customers that have the ability to divert cash and derivatives trading volumes from NYSE Euronext. Large banks may assume the role of principal and act as counterparty to orders originating from retail customers, thus "internalizing" order flow that would otherwise be transacted on exchanges. Banks and brokers may also enter into bilateral trading arrangements by matching their respective order flows, depriving NYSE Euronext of potential trading volumes. The competitive significance in Europe of these varied alternate trading venues is likely to increase substantially in the future, with the regulatory environment in Europe becoming more favorable to off-exchange trading as a result of the reforms contained in the European Commission's Market in Financial Instruments Directive (or "MiFID"). MiFID is expected to come into effect on November 1, 2007, although individual European Union Member States are required to incorporate MiFID into their domestic legal regimes by January 31, 2007. See "Risk FactorsRisks Relating to NYSE Euronext's BusinessThe implementation of the European Directive on Markets in Financial Instruments, or MiFID, may accelerate the development of off-exchange trading in Europe, which may harm NYSE Euronext's competitive position."
NYSE Euronext will compete with such market participants in a variety of ways, including the cost, quality and speed of trade execution, liquidity, the functionality, ease of use and performance of trading systems, the range of products and services offered to trading participants and listed companies, technological innovation and reputation. NYSE Euronext's competitors may:
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NYSE Euronext may also face competition from new entrants into the markets in which it competes. The emergence of new competitors may increase price competition and reduce margins for all existing cash and derivatives markets, including NYSE Euronext's markets. New entrants may include new alternative trading systems and new initiatives by existing market participants, including established markets or exchanges, and current customers of the NYSE Group and Euronext that may internalize some of their order flow in the future.
Globalization, growth, consolidations and other strategic arrangements may impair NYSE Euronext's competitive position.
The liberalization and globalization of world markets have resulted in greater mobility of capital, greater international participation in local markets and more competition among markets in different geographical areas. As a result, the competition among trading markets and other execution venues has become more intense.
In addition, in the last several years, the structure of the exchange sector has changed significantly through demutualizations and consolidations. In response to increasing competition, many marketplaces in both Europe and the United States have demutualized to provide greater flexibility for future growth. The exchange sector is also experiencing consolidation, creating a more intense competitive environment. For example, in the United States, the Chicago Board of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange recently announced their intent to merge, and The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. ("Nasdaq") completed its acquisition of INET ECN (INET). Each of the Chicago Stock Exchange, Inc., Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc., Boston Stock Exchange, Inc., International Securities Exchange and Chicago Board Options Exchange, Inc. have also recently entered into investment agreements with other participants in the exchange sector, with the objective of enabling them to better compete with other exchanges. In Europe, the consolidation of OMX Group, created by the merger of OM Gruppen and HEX, with the Copenhagen Stock Exchange was completed early in 2005. Furthermore, discussions were held in 2005 and 2006 as to the potential acquisition of the London Stock Exchange plc by each of Euronext, Deutsche Börse and Australia's Macquarie Bank. In March 2006, Nasdaq made an offer for the London Stock Exchange, which it subsequently withdrew. It subsequently acquired a 28.8% stake in the London Stock Exchange and, on November 20, 2006, announced its intention to acquire the remaining outstanding shares of the London Stock Exchange with final cash offers of 1,243 pence per London Stock Exchange ordinary share and 200 pence per London Stock Exchange B share (plus an amount equal to the accrued dividend). It is anticipated that the process of consolidation in the European exchange sector will continue.
Because of these market trends, NYSE Euronext faces intense competition. If it is unable to compete successfully in this environment, its business, financial condition and operating results will be adversely affected.
Future business combinations, acquisitions, partnerships and joint ventures may require significant resources and/or result in significant unanticipated costs or liabilities.
NYSE Euronext may seek to grow its company and businesses by entering into business combination transactions, making acquisitions or entering into partnerships or joint ventures, which may be material. For example, Euronext will continue to consider combinations with other exchanges in Europe and NYSE Group has recently expressed an interest in pursuing strategic investments or other arrangements in markets in Asia, including Japan and India. The market for acquisition targets and strategic alliances is highly competitive, particularly in light of increasing consolidation in the exchange sector, which may
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adversely affect NYSE Euronext's ability to find acquisition targets or strategic partners consistent with its objectives.
In pursuing its strategy, consistent with industry practice, NYSE Euronext may routinely engage in discussions with industry participants regarding potential strategic transactions. Such transactions may be financed by the issuance of additional equity securities, including NYSE Euronext common stock, or the incurrence of indebtedness, or a combination thereof. The issuance of additional equity may be substantial and dilutive to existing NYSE Euronext stockholders. In addition, the announcement or completion of future transactions could have a material adverse effect on the price of NYSE Euronext common stock. NYSE Euronext could face financial risks associated with incurring indebtedness such as reducing its liquidity, curtailing its access to financing markets and requiring the service of such indebtedness.
In addition, business combination transactions, acquisitions, partnerships and joint ventures may require significant managerial attention, which may be diverted from NYSE Euronext's other operations. These capital, equity and managerial commitments may impair the operation of NYSE Euronext's businesses. Furthermore, any future business combination transactions or acquisitions could entail a number of additional risks, including:
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In addition, following the combination, NYSE Euronext's bylaws will require acquisitions, mergers and consolidations involving more than 30% of the aggregate equity market capitalization or value of NYSE Euronext (or, under certain circumstances, transactions involving an entity whose principal place of business is outside of the United States and Europe) to be approved by two-thirds of the directors then in office. This requirement may prevent the NYSE Euronext board of directors from pursuing an acquisition, even if a majority of the board believes it to be in the best interests of the company.
The legal and regulatory environment in the United States may make it difficult for NYSE Euronext's U.S. exchanges to compete with non-U.S. exchanges for the secondary listings of non-U.S. companies and adversely affect NYSE Euronext's competitive position.
NYSE Euronext's U.S. exchanges, the NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc., will continue to compete to obtain the listing of non-U.S. issuer securities (in addition to the listing of U.S. issuer securities). However, the legal and regulatory environment in the United States, as well as the perception of this environment, has made and may continue to make it more difficult for the NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc., to compete with non-U.S. securities exchanges for these listings and adversely affect NYSE Euronext's competitive position. For example, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 imposes a stringent set of corporate governance, reporting and other requirements on both U.S. and non-U.S. publicly listed companies. Significant resources are necessary for issuers to come into and remain in compliance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which has had, and may continue to have, an impact on the ability of the NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc. to attract and retain listings. At the same time, international companies are increasingly seeking access to the U.S. markets through private transactions that do not require listing or trading in the U.S. public markets, such as through Rule 144A transactions. In 2000, approximately 50% of the proceeds raised by international companies in the U.S. markets was raised privately, and, from 1996 to 1999, the NYSE listed an average of approximately 48 international companies per year. In comparison, as of September 30, 2006, approximately 91% of the proceeds raised by international companies in the U.S. markets were raised privately, and from 2000 to September 30, 2006, the NYSE averaged approximately 31 new listings for international companies per year. Non-U.S. issuers may choose to list with non-U.S. securities exchanges exclusively without a secondary listing in the United States because they perceive the U.S. regulatory requirements and the U.S. litigation environment as too cumbersome and costly. If the NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc. are unable to successfully attract the listing business of non-U.S. issuers, the perception of the NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc. as premier listing venues may be diminished, and NYSE Euronext's competitive position may be adversely affected or its operating results could suffer.
Following the combination, NYSE Euronext's European exchanges are not expected to be subject to perceptions that may exist with respect to U.S. securities exchangesnamely, that listing on a U.S. securities exchange subjects a company to cumbersome and costly regulatory requirements and heightened litigation risks. In addition, listed companies on the Euronext exchanges are not, and will not become as a consequence of the combination, subject to the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act unless they otherwise choose to list or register their securities in the United States. However, there can be no assurances that non-U.S. issuers that do not list on the NYSE or NYSE Arca, Inc. will elect to list on a Euronext exchange rather than other non-U.S. exchanges. For a description of certain arrangements that NYSE Euronext plans to implement to protect its European and U.S. exchanges from extraterritorial applications of U.S. and European law, respectively, see "Proposal 1: The CombinationThe Delaware Trust and the Dutch Foundation."
NYSE Euronext's business may be adversely affected by price competition.
The securities industry is characterized by intense price competition. The pricing model for trade execution for equity securities has changed in response to competitive market conditions. Some of NYSE Euronext's competitors have recently lowered their transaction costs and accordingly reduced the fees that they charge. In addition, NYSE Euronext will face price competition in the fees that it charges to its
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customers to list securities on its securities exchanges. It is likely that NYSE Euronext will experience significant pricing pressures and that some of its competitors will seek to increase their share of trading or listings by further reducing their transaction fees or listing fees, by offering larger liquidity payments or by offering other forms of financial or other incentives. NYSE Euronext's operating results and future profitability could be adversely affected as a result of these activities. For example, NYSE Euronext could lose a substantial percentage of its share of trading or listings if it is unable to price its transactions in a competitive manner, or its profit margins could decline if it reduces its pricing in response. In addition, one or more competitors may engage in aggressive pricing strategies and significantly decrease or completely eliminate their profit margin for a period of time in order to capture a greater share of trading or listings. Some competitors, especially those outside of the United States, have high profit margins in business areas (such as clearing and settlement) in which NYSE Euronext will not engage, which may assist them in executing these strategies. This environment could lead to loss of order flow and decreased revenues, and consequently could adversely affect NYSE Euronext's operating results.
In addition, NYSE Group is engaged in an ongoing review of its pricing structures for trading fees and recently implemented a new pricing structure for some trading fees. There is risk inherent in the introduction of new pricing structures, and the implementation of a new price structure may have material adverse effects on NYSE Euronext's business, financial condition and operating results.
NYSE Group's share of trading in NYSE-listed securities has declined.
As a result of increasing competition, NYSE Group's share of trading on a matched basis in NYSE-listed securities has declined from approximately 78.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2005, to 70.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2006. If growth in NYSE Group's overall trading volume of NYSE-listed securities does not offset any significant decline in NYSE Group's share of NYSE-listed trading, or if a decline in the NYSE Group's share of trading in NYSE-listed securities makes the NYSE's market appear less liquid, then NYSE Euronext's financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected .
NYSE Euronext must keep up with emerging technological changes in order to compete effectively in a rapidly evolving and highly competitive industry.
NYSE Euronext will operate in a business environment that has undergone, and continues to experience, significant and rapid technological change. In recent years, electronic trading has grown significantly, and customer demand for increased choice of execution methods has expanded. To remain competitive, NYSE Euronext must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality, accessibility and features of its trading platforms, software, systems and technologies. NYSE Euronext's success will depend, in part, on its ability to:
The development and expansion of electronic trading technology entail significant technological, financial and business risks. Any failure or delay in exploiting technology, or failure to exploit technology as effectively as NYSE Euronext's competitors, could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and operating results. In addition, the increased use of electronic trading on the NYSE
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may make it more difficult for the NYSE to differentiate its products from those of its competitors, possibly reducing one of the competitive strengths of NYSE Euronext, as the parent company of the NYSE. This may have an adverse impact on NYSE Euronext's business and, in particular, may reduce the incentive for companies to list on the NYSE. In addition, the commoditization of trade execution may result in a reduction in the number of people using the NYSE's trading floor. This may result in a decrease in the revenues realized through the use of the NYSE's trading floor.
NYSE Group and Euronext use leading technologies and currently devote substantial resources to their respective services, and NYSE Euronext intends to continue to do so after the combination. The adoption of new technologies or market practices may require NYSE Euronext to devote additional resources to modify and adapt its services. In such cases, NYSE Euronext cannot assure you that it will succeed in making these improvements to its technology infrastructure in a timely manner or at all. If NYSE Euronext is unable to anticipate or respond to the demand for new services, products and technologies on a timely and cost-effective basis or adapt to technological advancements and changing standards, it may be unable to compete effectively, which would have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, NYSE Euronext may incur substantial development, sales and marketing expenses and expend significant management effort to add new products or services to its trading platforms. Even after incurring these costs, NYSE Euronext ultimately may not realize any, or may realize only small amounts of, revenues for these new products or services. Consequently, if revenue does not increase in a timely fashion as a result of these expansion initiatives, the up-front costs associated with expansion may exceed revenue and reduce NYSE Euronext's working capital and income.
An "extraterritorial" change of law may adversely affect the businesses of NYSE Euronext and, under certain special arrangements, the rights of NYSE Euronext to control a substantial portion of its assets.
NYSE Euronext will operate securities exchanges and regulated markets in various jurisdictions and thus will be subject to a variety of laws and regulations. Although none of NYSE Euronext, NYSE Group or Euronext anticipates that there will be a material adverse application of European laws to NYSE Euronext's U.S. exchanges, or a material adverse application of U.S. laws to NYSE Euronext's European exchanges, the possibility of such an occurrence cannot be ruled out entirely. If this were to occur, and NYSE Euronext were not able to effectively mitigate the effects of such extraterritorial application, the affected exchanges of NYSE Euronext could experience a reduction in the number of listed companies or business from other market participants, or the business of NYSE Euronext could be otherwise adversely affected. In addition, in connection with obtaining regulatory approval of the combination, NYSE Euronext intends to implement certain special arrangements consisting of two standby structures, one involving a Dutch foundation and one involving a Delaware trust. The Dutch foundation will be empowered to take actions to mitigate the adverse effects of any potential changes in U.S. law that have "extraterritorial" impact on the European regulated markets of NYSE Euronext, and the Delaware trust will be empowered to take actions to ameliorate the adverse effects of any potential changes in European law that have "extraterritorial" impact on the U.S. regulated markets of NYSE Euronext. These actions include the exercise by the foundation or the trust of potentially significant control over the European or the U.S. businesses of NYSE Euronext, as the case may be. Although the foundation and the trust will be required to act in the best interest of NYSE Euronext, subject to certain exceptions, and any remedies implemented may be implemented only for so long as the effects of the material adverse application of law persist, NYSE Euronext may, as a result of the exercise of such rights, be required to transfer control over a substantial portion of its business and assets to the direction of the trust or of the foundation. Any such transfer of control could adversely affect the business and assets of NYSE Euronext. For a more detailed description of these arrangements, see "Proposal 1: The CombinationThe Delaware Trust and the Dutch Foundation."
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Regulation NMS, and changes in Regulation NMS, may adversely affect the NYSE and NYSE Arca, thereby adversely affecting NYSE Euronext's operating results.
On April 6, 2005, the SEC adopted Regulation NMS, which is a set of regulations that will govern certain aspects of trading on securities market centers. Its provisions are scheduled to become operative at various points throughout 2006 and 2007. One of the principal features of Regulation NMS is the modernization of the "trade-through" or "order protection" rule. Among other things, this rule requires market centers to establish and maintain procedures to prevent "trade-throughs," which are the executions of orders at a price inferior to the best bid or offer displayed by another market center at the time of execution. This aspect of Regulation NMS will protect and apply only to quotes available for immediate execution. The "trade-through" rule implemented by Regulation NMS is expected to increase competition between markets.
NYSE Group has begun to develop its business strategy and alter its business in consideration of the rules of Regulation NMS. NYSE Euronext will continue this implementation following the combination. There is no assurance, however, that Regulation NMS will be implemented in a timely manner or in its current form. Any delay or difficulties that arise in the implementation of Regulation NMS, as well as any amendment to Regulation NMS, could create uncertainty and adversely affect NYSE Euronext's financial condition and results of operations.
The implementation of the European Directive on Markets in Financial Instruments, or MiFID, may accelerate the development of off-exchange trading in Europe, which may harm NYSE Euronext's competitive position.
The European Commission is currently working on implementing measures for MiFID, which are due to be finalized over the course of 2006. In addition to regulated exchange trading, MiFID provides that trades may be executed on multilateral trading facilities (or MTFs) via OTC trading, or through systematic internalization of the order flow collected by investment firms and banks. As a result, MiFID creates an opportunity for new multilateral trading facilities, OTC and internalization arrangements to be developed on a pan-European basis, thereby substantially facilitating entry and increasing their attractiveness to users. In addition, investment firms will have to ensure that they obtain the "best execution" conditions for their clients, and will therefore have to direct orders to the most favorable execution venue, without any regulatory incentive to favor established regulated exchanges. Taken together, these changes to the regulatory environment may make it easier for multilateral trading facilities to establish themselves in Europe as low-cost alternatives to regulated exchanges, thereby increasing the level of competition with and between market operators. Increased competition from multilateral trading facilities could cause NYSE Euronext to lose market share or to lower its fees in order to remain competitive, either of which could lead to lower revenues and/or lower margins, harming profitability. For example, on November 14, 2006, Euronext announced that it is considering the progressive reduction of between 10% to 15% of trading fees on its equity markets as certain combination-related information technology synergies are realized over the two or three years following completion of the combination. If this were to occur, NYSE Euronext's financial condition and results of operation could be negatively affected.
Regulatory changes or future court rulings may have an adverse impact on NYSE Euronext's market data fees.
NYSE Euronext anticipates that one of its significant sources of future revenue will be market data fees. Regulatory developments, however, could reduce the amount of revenue that NYSE Euronext can obtain from this source. Regulation NMS will impose significant changes on the formula used to calculate each market center's share of market data revenue. These new rules could alter behavior by market participants and reduce the share of revenue obtained by NYSE Euronext's U.S. exchanges. The formula that will be used to determine the allocation of market information revenue under Regulation NMS is
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highly complex, and NYSE Euronext is therefore unable at this time to forecast how the market will react to the new rules and the impact, if any, that this new allocation formula will have on NYSE Euronext's market information revenues or expenses following the implementation of Regulation NMS. In addition, the approach to fees reflected in MiFID, which explicitly authorizes market operators to sell trade information on a non-discriminatory commercial basis at a reasonable cost, could be modified by the European Commission or future European court decisions in a manner that may have an adverse impact on NYSE Euronext's market data fees.
The successful implementation and operation of the NYSE Hybrid Market SM faces a number of significant challenges and depends on a number of factors that will be outside NYSE Euronext's control.
NYSE Group is currently working on implementing the NYSE Hybrid Market SM , which was approved by the SEC on March 22, 2006. NYSE Euronext will continue this implementation following the combination. The NYSE Hybrid Market SM is intended to integrate into one platform aspects of both the physically-convened auction market and automated electronic execution. This effort is NYSE Group's response to the request from both market professionals and individual investors for greater choice and flexibility in buying and selling stocks on the NYSE. The NYSE Hybrid Market SM is also NYSE Group's strategy for adapting to the revised "trade-through" rule adopted by the SEC on April 6, 2005 as a part of Regulation NMS, which prohibits trading through better-priced displayed quotations that are displayed by another market and immediately accessible through automatic execution. If successfully implemented, NYSE Euronext expects that the NYSE Hybrid Market SM will change the way that securities are traded on the NYSE and will differentiate the NYSE from electronic trading venues. This initiative is being launched in phases during 2006.
The successful implementation of the NYSE Hybrid Market SM faces a number of significant challenges, including the difficulties of developing and implementing novel technology and the ability and willingness of specialists to build new technology platforms. In addition, as a novel technology and method of trading, there is no assurance that the NYSE Hybrid Market SM will function as is currently anticipated, or that customers will accept and use the services that it offers. NYSE Regulation, particularly its market surveillance division, must update its electronic surveillance systems to take account of changes made to the NYSE Hybrid Market SM trading systems to be able to effectively monitor NYSE trading activity. This requirement places an additional demand on NYSE Regulation's market surveillance division.
Any delay or difficulties in implementing or operating the NYSE Hybrid Market SM may have a material adverse effect on NYSE Euronext's ability to compete and its operating results, particularly if the NYSE Hybrid Market SM is not implemented by the time that the first phase of Regulation NMS becomes operative. Currently, the first phase of Regulation NMS is scheduled to become operative on February 5, 2007. In addition, any unwillingness by its customers to accept or use the NYSE Hybrid Market SM services may also have an adverse impact on NYSE Euronext's ability to compete and on its operating results. For a discussion of the NYSE Hybrid Market SM , see "Information About NYSE GroupThe NYSE and NYSE ArcaThe NYSE Hybrid Market SM Initiative."
NYSE Euronext intends to enter into or increase its presence in established trading markets, such as the U.S. options or futures markets or markets in countries where it does not currently compete. Demand and market acceptance for NYSE Euronext's products and services within these markets will be subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risks and may affect its growth potential.
NYSE Euronext intends to enter into or increase its presence in certain trading markets, such as the U.S. options and futures markets or markets in countries where it does not currently compete, which already possess established competitors. As a result, demand and market acceptance for NYSE Euronext's products and services within these markets will be subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk. If
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NYSE Euronext is unable to enter into or increase its presence in these markets and compete successfully, NYSE Euronext may not generate sufficient revenues from these products and services.
NYSE Euronext's growth and success may depend in part on its ability to compete with and penetrate new markets. However, it may not be successful in competing with or penetrating these markets. Attracting customers in certain countries may be subject to a number of risks, including currency exchange rate risk, difficulties in enforcing agreements or collecting receivables, longer payment cycles, compliance with the laws or regulations of foreign countries, and political and regulatory uncertainties.
The loss of key personnel may adversely affect NYSE Euronext business.
NYSE Euronext will be dependent upon the contributions of its senior management team and other key employees, as well as key staff of NYSE Regulation, for its success. With the exception of John A. Thain, NYSE Group's chief executive officer (and the designated chief executive officer of NYSE Euronext), who entered into a letter agreement with the NYSE, and certain senior managers of Euronext who have entered into employment agreements with Euronext or its subsidiaries, these individuals do not currently have agreements relating to their employment with NYSE or Euronext. Mr. Thain's letter agreement does not provide for a fixed employment term or prevent him from terminating his employment at any time. If Mr. Thain, Jean-Francois Théodore, Euronext's chief executive officer (and the designated deputy chief executive officer of NYSE Euronext), or one or more other executives or other key employees, were to cease to be employed by NYSE Euronext, it could be adversely affected. In particular, NYSE Euronext may have to incur costs to replace senior executive officers or other key employees who leave, and its ability to execute its business strategy could be impaired if NYSE Euronext is unable to replace such persons in a timely manner.
NYSE Euronext may be at greater risk from terrorism than other companies.
Given that NYSE Euronext will encompass the world's largest cash equities market and its prominence in the global securities industry, as well as the concentration of many of its properties and personnel in lower Manhattan, NYSE Euronext may be more likely than other companies to be a direct target of, or an indirect casualty of, attacks by terrorists or terrorist organizations.
It is impossible to predict the likelihood or impact of any terrorist attack on the securities industry generally or on NYSE Euronext's business. In the event of an attack or a threat of an attack, NYSE Euronext's security measures and contingency plans may be inadequate to prevent significant disruptions in its business, technology or access to the infrastructure necessary to maintain its business. For a discussion of some of NYSE Euronext's security measures and contingency plans, see "Information about NYSE GroupSecurity Measures and Contingency Plans." Damage to NYSE Euronext's facilities due to terrorist attacks may be significantly in excess of any amount of insurance received, or NYSE Euronext may not be able to insure against such damage at a reasonable price or at all. The threat of terrorist attacks may also negatively affect NYSE Euronext's ability to attract and retain employees. In addition, even for NYSE Euronext's electronic exchanges, terrorist attacks may cause instability or decreased trading in the securities markets, including trading on exchanges. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on NYSE Euronext's business, financial condition and operating results.
NYSE Euronext will operate in a highly regulated industry, and may be subject to censures, fines and other legal proceedings if it fails to comply with its legal and regulatory obligations.
NYSE Euronext will operate in a highly regulated industry and be subject to extensive regulation. The securities industry is subject to extensive governmental regulation and could be subject to increased regulatory scrutiny. As a matter of public policy, these regulations are designed to safeguard the integrity of the securities and other financial markets and to protect the interests of investors in those markets. The
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SEC regulates the U.S. securities exchanges and has broad powers to audit, investigate and enforce compliance with its rules and regulations and impose sanctions for non-compliance. European regulators have similar powers with respect to European exchanges in their respective countries. NYSE Euronext's ability to comply with applicable laws and rules will be largely dependent on its establishment and maintenance of appropriate systems and procedures, as well as its ability to attract and retain qualified personnel.
Both the SEC and the European regulators are vested with broad enforcement powers to censure, fine, issue cease-and-desist orders, prohibit exchanges from engaging in some of its businesses or suspend or revoke the exchange recognition, license or registration of its subsidiaries as national securities exchanges in the respective countries in which the regulators are located. In the case of actual or alleged noncompliance with regulatory requirements, NYSE Euronext could be subject to investigations and administrative or judicial proceedings that may result in substantial penalties, including revocation of a subsidiary's exchange recognition, license or registration as a securities exchange or market. Any such investigation or proceeding, whether successful or unsuccessful, would result in substantial costs and diversions of resources and might also harm NYSE Euronext's business reputation, any of which may have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and operating results.
In addition, there may be a conflict between the self-regulatory responsibilities of the NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc. and the interests of some of the market participants or customers of NYSE Euronext. Any failure by the NYSE or NYSE Arca, Inc. to diligently and fairly regulate their member organizations or to otherwise fulfill their regulatory obligations could significantly harm its reputation, prompt regulatory scrutiny and adversely affect its business.
Damage to NYSE Euronext's reputation could have a material adverse effect on its businesses.
One of NYSE Euronext's competitive strengths will be its strong reputation and brand name. NYSE Euronext's reputation could be harmed in many different ways, including by regulatory governance or technology failures. Damage to NYSE Euronext's reputation could cause some issuers not to list their securities on its exchanges, as well as reduce the trading volume on its exchanges. This, in turn, may have a material adverse effect on NYSE Euronext's business, financial condition and operating results.
NYSE Euronext will face restrictions with respect to the way in which it conducts certain operations, and may experience certain competitive disadvantages if it does not receive regulatory approval for new business initiatives or if it receives them in an untimely manner.
NYSE Euronext will operate two U.S. registered national securities exchangesthe NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc. Pursuant to the Exchange Act, the NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc. are responsible for regulating their member organizations through the adoption and enforcement of rules governing the trading activities, business conduct and financial responsibility of their member organizations and the individuals associated with them. Changes to those rules are generally subject to the approval of the SEC, which publishes proposed rule changes for public comment. Changes to its certificate of incorporation or bylaws and changes to the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, operating agreement or rules of certain of NYSE Euronext's subsidiaries, to the extent that these changes could affect the activities of these national exchanges, must also be approved. NYSE Euronext may from time to time seek to engage in new business activities, some of which may require changes to NYSE Euronext's governing documents.
NYSE Euronext will also operate exchanges in France, Belgium, Portugal, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Regulators in each of these countries regulate exchanges through the adoption and enforcement of rules governing the trading activities, business conduct and financial responsibility of such exchanges and individuals associated with them. All NYSE Euronext initiatives with regulatory implications must be approved by the relevant authorities in each of these countries, as well as by the
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coordinating bodies set up under the Euronext regulators' memoranda of understanding. Changes to NYSE Euronext's certificate of incorporation or bylaws and changes to the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, operating agreement or rules of certain of NYSE Euronext's subsidiaries, to the extent that these changes could affect the activities of these exchanges, may also require approvals. NYSE Euronext may from time to time seek to engage in new business activities, some of which may require changes to NYSE Euronext's governing documents.
Any delay or denial of a requested approval could cause NYSE Euronext to lose business opportunities or slow the integration process in the future between its different markets. NYSE Euronext's competitive position could be significantly weakened if its competitors are able to obtain regulatory approval for new functionalities faster, or with less cost or difficulty, than NYSE Euronext is, or if approval is not required for NYSE Euronext's competitors but is required for NYSE Euronext. Competitors that are not registered exchanges are subject to less stringent regulation. In addition, as NYSE Euronext seeks to expand its product base, it could become subject to the oversight of additional regulatory bodies. For further information regarding the regulatory framework of the combined company, see "Regulation."
Regulatory developments could have a negative impact on NYSE Euronext's businesses.
Securities exchanges, particularly those in the United States, have been the subject of increasing political and public scrutiny in recent years in response to a number of developments and inquiries. In November 2004, the SEC proposed corporate governance, transparency, oversight and ownership rules for registered U.S. national securities exchanges and other self-regulatory organizations ("SROs") and issued a concept release examining the efficacy of self-regulation. The concept release also solicited public comment concerning the level of market data fees, following several years of claims from some competitors and data intermediaries that market data fees and revenues are excessive. In Europe, the European Commission is currently working on implementing measures for MiFID, which may increase the attractiveness of trading securities off-exchange. Increased trading off-exchange could cause NYSE Euronext to lose trading market share or to lower its fees in order to remain competitive.
NYSE Euronext cannot predict with certainty whether, or in what form, any regulatory changes will take place, or their impact on its business. Changes in the rules and regulations affecting SROs or European exchanges could require NYSE Euronext to change the manner in which its securities exchanges conduct their respective businesses or govern themselves. Such changes could also make it more difficult or more costly for the securities exchanges to conduct their existing businesses or to enter into new businesses.
NYSE Group and certain of its subsidiaries are required to allocate funds and resources to NYSE Regulation.
NYSE Group and certain of its subsidiaries are required to allocate significant resources to NYSE Regulation. This dedication of resources may limit NYSE Euronext's ability to reduce its expense structure and to dedicate funds and human resources in other areas.
NYSE Regulation has undertaken the regulatory functions of the NYSE and NYSE Arca, Inc. pursuant to agreements with each entity. NYSE Regulation also has an explicit agreement with NYSE Group, the NYSE and NYSE Market so that adequate funding is provided to NYSE Regulation. Moreover, under the operating agreement of the NYSE, no regulatory fees, fines or penalties collected by NYSE Regulation may be distributed to NYSE Group or any entity other than NYSE Regulation. The obligations to fund NYSE Regulation under the agreements covering those services could negatively affect the cash available to NYSE Euronext and its ability to invest in or pursue other opportunities that may also be beneficial to NYSE Euronext stockholders. For a discussion of NYSE Euronext's proposed regulatory structure and responsibilities regarding NYSE Regulation, see "Information About NYSE GroupNYSE Regulation."
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Any conflicts of interest between NYSE Euronext and NYSE Regulation may have a material adverse effect on NYSE Euronext's business.
NYSE Regulation will regulate and monitor the activities on NYSE Euronext's U.S. securities exchanges and enforce member organization compliance with applicable law and the rules of the exchanges. In a recent rule proposal, the SEC noted that there is an inherent conflict that exists within every SRO between its regulatory functions, on the one hand, and its member organizations, market operations, listed issuers, and stockholders, on the other hand. The SEC has also expressed concern about the conflicts of interest that may exist when a for-profit entity owns an SRO. The for-profit entity's goal of maximizing stockholder value might conflict with the SRO's self-regulatory responsibilities imposed by the securities laws. For example, the for-profit entity might have an incentive to commit insufficient funds to the regulatory operations of the SRO, or use the disciplinary powers of the SRO to generate revenue for the for-profit entity by disciplining member organizations that operate or participate in competing trading systems. In addition, the regulatory responsibilities imposed by the U.S. securities laws (such as encouraging low-cost trading and competitive markets) may conflict with NYSE Euronext's profit-oriented goals as a public company. There may be more opportunities for conflicts of interest to arise when SROs regulate listed companies. Additional conflicts of interest arise where a company (such as NYSE Euronext) lists its own securities on the national securities exchange that it owns. The listing of NYSE Euronext's common stock on the NYSE could potentially create a conflict of interest between the NYSE's regulatory responsibility to vigorously oversee the listing and trading of securities on the NYSE, on the one hand, and its commercial and economic interest, on the other hand. The SRO's disciplinary power over NYSE Euronext's competitors that are U.S. registered broker-dealers may also raise questions as to potential conflicts. NYSE Group and NASD are planning to combine certain overlapping regulatory functions, although no definitive agreement has been reached. It is anticipated that such a combination will be structured to be financially neutral to NYSE Group shareholders.
NYSE Group currently maintains, and NYSE Euronext will continue to maintain, structural protections to minimize these potential conflicts of interest. For a discussion of some of these structural protections, see "Information About NYSE GroupNYSE RegulationStructure, Organization and Governance of NYSE Regulation." These structural protections, however, may not be adequate to manage (and, in any event, will not eliminate) these potential conflicts of interest. For example, certain of the independent directors of NYSE Euronext's board of directors will serve as directors on the NYSE Regulation board of directors. In the event that NYSE Euronext fails to manage these potential conflicts of interest adequately, it could impair the effectiveness of NYSE Regulation or otherwise incur reputational damage, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and operating results.
Specialists will be responsible for effecting certain transactions on the floor of the NYSE. Any failure by specialists to perform their function effectively or to comply with their regulatory obligations may have a material adverse effect on NYSE Euronext's business and reputation.
Specialists are an important component of the market structure within the NYSE. For example, specialists assist in providing liquidity and minimizing volatility. A deterioration in the performance of specialists, or misconduct by specialists, could damage the NYSE Euronext's reputation and reduce its ability to compete with other securities exchanges for listings and order flow. The profitability of the seven specialist units currently active on the NYSE floor has fluctuated significantly since 2002.
The increased use of technology in securities executions also is changing the business models of specialists. Any failure of the specialist to adapt their business models to this changing environment in general, and to the NYSE Hybrid Market SM in particular, would further undermine the differentiation, and therefore the competitive position, of NYSE Market. For a discussion of certain litigation and SEC action
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relating to specialists, see "Information about NYSE GroupLegal ProceedingsIn re NYSE Specialists Securities Litigation."
Market fluctuations and other risks beyond NYSE Euronext's control could significantly reduce demand for its services and harm its business.
NYSE Euronext's revenues and profitability are highly dependent upon the levels of activity on its exchanges, in particular the volume and value of financial instruments traded, the number and market capitalization of listed issuers, the number of new listings, the number of traders in the market and similar factors.
NYSE Euronext has no direct control over such variables. Among other things, NYSE Euronext is dependent upon the relative attractiveness of the financial instruments traded on its exchanges, and the relative attractiveness of the exchanges as a market on which to trade these financial instruments, as compared to other exchanges and trading platforms. Such variables are in turn influenced by economic, political and market conditions in the United States, Europe and elsewhere in the world that are beyond NYSE Euronext's control, including:
General economic conditions affect securities markets in a variety of ways, from determining availability of capital to influencing investor confidence. Poor economic conditions also have an impact on the process of raising capital by reducing the number or size of securities offerings or listings. The economic climate in recent years has been characterized by challenging business and economic conditions. During 2000 through early 2003, the major U.S. and European market indices experienced severe declines. The weak and uncertain economic climate, together with corporate governance and accounting concerns, contributed to a reduction in corporate transactions and generally a more difficult business environment. In addition, the United States and other countries in which NYSE Euronext hopes to offer its services have suffered acts of war or terrorism or other armed hostilities. These or similar acts have in the past increased or prolonged, and may in the future increase or prolong, negative economic conditions. Adverse changes in the economy or the outlook for the securities industry can have a negative impact on its revenues through declines in trading volume, new listings and demand for market data. Generally adverse economic conditions may also have a disproportionate effect on NYSE Euronext's business. Because its
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infrastructure and overhead will be based on assumptions of certain levels of market activity, significant declines in trading volumes, the number of listed companies or demand for market data may have a material adverse effect on NYSE Euronext's business, financial condition and operating results.
A significant portion of NYSE Euronext's revenues will depend, either directly or indirectly, on its transaction-based business, which, in turn, is dependent on NYSE Euronext's ability to attract and maintain order flow, both in absolute terms and relative to other market centers. If there is a decline in the trading volume on NYSE Euronext's exchanges, NYSE Euronext's revenue from transaction fees will decrease. There may also be a reduction in revenue from market data fees. If NYSE Euronext's share of total trading volume decreases relative to its competitors, NYSE Euronext may be less attractive to market participants as a source of liquidity and may lose additional trading volume and associated transaction fees and market data fees as a result. In addition, declines in NYSE Euronext's share of trading volume could adversely affect the growth, viability and importance of some of its market information products, which will constitute an important portion of NYSE Euronext's revenues.
NYSE Euronext also expects to generate a significant portion of its revenues from listing fees. Among the factors affecting companies' decisions to go public and/or list their shares on public markets are general economic conditions, industry-specific circumstances, capital market trends, mergers and acquisitions environment and regulatory requirements. The extent to which these and other factors cause companies to remain privately owned or otherwise decide not to list their shares on NYSE Euronext's exchanges may have a material adverse effect on NYSE Euronext's business, financial condition and operating results.
The financial services industry and, particularly, the securities transactions business are dynamic, uncertain and highly competitive environments. Accordingly, NYSE Euronext expects exchange consolidation and member organization consolidation to persist in the future. This environment has led to business failures and has encouraged the introduction of alternative trading venues with varying market structures and new business models. Well-capitalized competitors may seek to expand their operations in the markets where NYSE Euronext will operate. In addition, the financial services industry is subject to extensive regulation, which may change dramatically in ways that affect industry market structure. If NYSE Euronext is unable to adjust in a timely manner to structural changes within its markets, technological and financial innovation, and other competitive factors, its business will suffer.
Insufficient systems capacity or systems failure could harm NYSE Euronext's business.
NYSE Euronext's business will depend on the performance and reliability of the computer and communications systems supporting it. In particular, heavy use of NYSE Euronext's platforms and order routing systems during peak trading times or at times of unusual market volatility could cause NYSE Euronext's systems to operate slowly or even to fail for periods of time. NYSE Euronext's system capacity requirements could grow significantly in the future as the result of a variety of factors, including the implementation of the NYSE Hybrid Market SM and NYSE Arca's anticipated expansion of its options trading volume. In addition, the use of algorithmic trading and the use of the automated price-injection model by members, and particularly by market makers, has increased significantly and may impose burdens on NYSE Euronext's network and system capacity unless steps are taken to accommodate the increase in usage.
If NYSE Euronext's systems cannot be expanded to handle increased demand, or otherwise fail to perform, NYSE Euronext could experience disruptions in service, slower response times, delays in introducing new products and services and loss of revenues. In addition, NYSE Euronext's trading activities may be negatively affected by system failures of other trading systems, as a result of which it may be required to suspend trading activity in particular stocks or, in the case of NYSE Arca, cancel previously executed trades under certain circumstances.
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Failure to maintain systems or to ensure sufficient capacity may also result in a temporary disruption of NYSE Euronext's regulatory and reporting functions. These consequences, in turn, could result in lower trading volumes, financial losses, decreased customer service and satisfaction, litigation or customer claims, or regulatory sanctions.
NYSE Group and Euronext have experienced systems failures in the past. It is possible that NYSE Euronext will experience systems failures in the future, or periods of insufficient systems capacity or network bandwidth, power or telecommunications failure, acts of God or war, terrorism, human error, natural disasters, fire, power loss, sabotage, hardware or software malfunctions or defects, computer viruses, intentional acts of vandalism or similar events. Any system failure that causes an interruption in service or decreases the responsiveness of NYSE Euronext's service could impair its reputation and negatively impact its revenues. NYSE Euronext will also rely on third parties for systems support. Any interruption in these third-party services or deterioration in the performance of these services could also be disruptive to NYSE Euronext's business (and the NYSE Hybrid Market SM , in particular) and have a material adverse effect on NYSE Euronext's business, financial condition and operating results.
NYSE Euronext's networks and those of its third-party service providers may be vulnerable to security risks, which could result in wrongful use of NYSE Euronext's information or cause interruptions in its operations that cause NYSE Euronext to lose trading volume and result in significant liabilities. NYSE Euronext will also incur significant expense to protect its systems.
NYSE Euronext expects that the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks will be a critical element of its operations. NYSE Euronext's networks and those of its third-party service providers may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses and other security problems. Persons who circumvent security measures could wrongfully access and use NYSE Euronext's information or cause interruptions or malfunctions in NYSE Euronext's operations. Any of these events could cause NYSE Euronext to lose trading volume. NYSE Euronext will be required to expend significant further resources to protect against the threat of security breaches or to alleviate problems, including reputational harm and litigation, caused by breaches. NYSE Euronext's security measures will be costly, and may prove to be inadequate and result in system failures and delays that could cause NYSE Euronext to lose business.
As the operator of an electronic network, GL TRADE, a subsidiary of Euronext, is also subject to the risk of unauthorized infiltration of its information technology systems and those of its customers. While GL TRADE invests considerable resources to ensure the security of the GL NET network, it cannot fully eliminate the risk of unauthorized infiltration. In the event of any such infiltration, there would be a risk of disruption to the information technology systems of GL TRADE or its customers, disclosure of confidential information or falsification of customer orders. Any security breach could harm GL TRADE's reputation and/or make its customers less comfortable using its network, either of which could lead to lower revenues. Limitation of liability clauses in GL TRADE's customer agreements may prove insufficient to protect GL TRADE against liability in the event of such a breach.
NYSE Euronext's revenues from SIAC could significantly decrease if SIAC loses major customers.
SIAC is the principal vendor of the NYSE's data processing and software development services.
On October 25, 2006, NYSE Group and the American Stock Exchange issued a joint press release announcing that they had entered into an agreement pursuant to which the NYSE would purchase from the American Stock Exchange its interest in SIAC for approximately $40.3 million. This transaction was completed on November 1, 2006. As of that date, SIAC became a wholly owned subsidiary of the NYSE. In connection with the transaction, the SIAC shareholders' agreement and the American Stock Exchange's participation in the SIAC facilities management agreement (under which SIAC had previously provided technology services to the NYSE and the American Stock Exchange) were terminated and SIAC agreed to provide substantially reduced services to the American Stock Exchange, as a customer, under a new services agreement.
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SIAC's non-NYSE revenues accounted for 10.3% of the NYSE's revenues, net of Section 31 fees, for the six months ended June 30, 2006. Historically, SIAC has relied on three principal customers for a majority of its revenues: (1) the NYSE, (2) the American Stock Exchange and (3) the National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. In 2005, the NYSE was the source of 58% of SIAC's revenues; the American Stock Exchange was the source of 16.4% of SIAC's revenues; and the National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation were the source of 9.1% of SIAC's revenues. The National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation have entered into separate agreements with SIAC, pursuant to which the services previously provided by SIAC have been phased out. In addition, in connection with the NYSE's acquisition of the American Stock Exchange's interest in SIAC, the NYSE and the American Stock Exchange have agreed that SIAC will provide substantially reduced services to the American Stock Exchange under a new services agreement. As a result, SIAC's revenues from non-NYSE sources will be reduced. To the extent that NYSE Euronext is not able to reduce its costs associated with SIAC to offset the amount of reduction in revenue from SIAC (which NYSE Euronext may not be able to do), NYSE Euronext's profits and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Any failure by NYSE Euronext to protect its intellectual property rights, or allegations that it has infringed the intellectual property rights of others, could adversely affect its business.
NYSE Euronext owns the rights to a number of trademarks, service marks, trade names, copyrights and patents used in its businesses. To protect its intellectual property rights, NYSE Euronext will rely on a combination of trademark laws, copyright laws, patent laws, trade secret protection, confidentiality agreements and other contractual arrangements with NYSE Euronext's affiliates, customers, strategic investors and others. The protective steps taken may be inadequate to deter misappropriation of NYSE Euronext's proprietary information. NYSE Euronext may be unable to detect the unauthorized use of, or take appropriate steps to enforce, its intellectual property rights. Failure to protect its intellectual property adequately could harm NYSE Euronext's reputation and affect its ability to compete effectively. Further, defending NYSE Euronext's intellectual property rights may require significant financial and managerial resources, the expenditure of which may have a material adverse effect on NYSE Euronext's business, financial condition and operating results.
In the future, NYSE Euronext may be subject to intellectual property rights claims, which may be costly to defend, could require the payment of damages and could limit NYSE Euronext's ability to use certain technologies. Some of NYSE Group's and Euronext's competitors currently own patents and have actively been filing patent applications in recent years, some of which may relate to NYSE Group's and Euronext's trading platforms and business processes. Additionally, NYSE Euronext's competitors or other market participants may seek to do the same in the future. As a result, NYSE Group and Euronext have faced, and NYSE Euronext may face, allegations that it has infringed or otherwise violated the intellectual property rights of third parties. Any intellectual property claims, with or without merit, could be time consuming, expensive to litigate or settle and could divert management resources and attention. Successful challenges against NYSE Euronext could require it to modify or discontinue its use of technology where such use is found to infringe or violate the rights of others, or require NYSE Euronext to obtain licenses from third parties at material cost. For a discussion of litigation involving NYSE Group's intellectual property, see "Information about NYSE GroupLegal Proceedings."
NYSE Euronext will rely on Atos Euronext Market Solutions, a third party service provider that it does not control, for a number of key information technology services.
Atos Euronext Market Solutions ("AEMS") is Euronext's preferred external supplier of key information technology and is responsible for the development of Euronext's technology and the management of its key information technology systems, including the NSC cash trading platform and the LIFFE CONNECT® futures and options electronic trading system. Euronext and Atos Origin each hold 50% of the shares of AEMS. Control over the activities and the assets of the company rests with Atos
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Origin. AEMS provides IT services to Euronext under a complex contractual framework, incorporating an umbrella services agreement and a series of interim service agreements. The umbrella services agreement will terminate in January 2012 unless a definitive and comprehensive agreement is entered into before that date. If AEMS does not dedicate sufficient resources or provide sufficiently experienced personnel or experiences difficulties or losses, and is unable to perform the services to the required levels and meet its contractual obligations to Euronext under the IT services arrangements, the business, financial condition or results of operations of Euronext could be materially adversely affected.
Euronext also relies on intellectual property owned by AEMS. If AEMS does not protect its existing or future intellectual property rights, it may have to pay third parties for rights to use their intellectual property, pay damages for infringement or misappropriation and/or be enjoined from using such intellectual property. AEMS relies mainly on copyright legislation, patents, trademarks and protection of know-how to protect its intellectual property. Euronext cannot guarantee that any of the intellectual property rights owned by AEMS or other intellectual property rights that third parties license to AEMS will not be invalidated, circumvented, challenged or rendered unenforceable. Conversely, if AEMS became involved in litigation or other proceedings as the result of alleged infringement of the rights of others, AEMS might have to spend significant amounts of money, regardless of fault.
NYSE Euronext will rely on LCH.Clearnet and Euroclear, neither of which is controlled by Euronext, for the majority of Euronext's clearing and settlement services.
Euronext uses the services of LCH.Clearnet Group Ltd. and its subsidiaries (together "LCH.Clearnet") for clearing transactions executed on its cash markets and Euronext.liffe, and on Euroclear for settling transactions on its cash markets (except in Portugal). Although Euronext has a substantial minority shareholding in LCH.Clearnet and a small shareholding in Euroclear plc and has contractual arrangements with each of them for the provision of services, Euronext does not have any significant influence over their businesses generally, particularly with respect to their relationships with third parties. To the extent that LCH.Clearnet or Euroclear experiences serious difficulties or materially changes its business relationship with Euronext, the business of Euronext may be materially adversely affected. Additionally, because LCH.Clearnet and Euroclear each play a vital role in the functioning of Euronext's exchanges, Euronext may be affected by any difficulties that either of them experiences. If this occurs, Euronext could be harmed financially or its reputation could suffer.
GL TRADE's business could be harmed by the consolidation of financial institutions or reductions in the trading operations of its customers.
The merger of major financial institutions may lead GL TRADE's customers to reduce the number of traders and lead to further cost-cutting efforts by its customers with respect to their information systems. This environment could cause its customers to decrease the number of workstations and subscriptions they buy from GL TRADE or change their strategy by shifting to other providers or to in-house technology.
NYSE Euronext's financial condition and results of operations may be harmed if it does not successfully reduce market risks through the use of derivative financial instruments.
Since NYSE Euronext will conduct operations in both the United States and Europe, a substantial portion of its assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses will be denominated in U.S. dollars, euros and pounds sterling. Because NYSE Euronext's financial statements will be denominated in U.S. dollars, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, especially the euro/pound sterling against the U.S. dollar, could have a material impact on NYSE Euronext's reported results. NYSE Euronext will also experience other market risks, including changes in interest rates and in prices of marketable equity securities that it owns. NYSE Euronext may use derivative financial instruments to reduce certain of these risks. If NYSE Euronext's strategies to reduce market risks are not successful, its financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.
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Risks Relating to an Investment in NYSE Euronext Common Stock
There has been no prior public market for NYSE Euronext common stock.
NYSE Euronext plans to apply to list NYSE Euronext common stock on the NYSE (trading in dollars) and on Euronext Paris (Eurolist by Euronext) (trading in euros). However, an active public market for NYSE Euronext common stock may not develop or be sustained after the completion of the combination. NYSE Euronext cannot predict the extent to which a trading market will develop or how liquid that market might become.
The market price of NYSE Euronext common stock may fluctuate. Broad market and industry factors may adversely affect the market price of NYSE Euronext common stock, regardless of its actual operating performance. Factors that could cause fluctuations in its stock price may include, among other things:
NYSE Euronext's share price may decline due to the large number of shares eligible for future sale.
Sales of substantial amounts of NYSE Euronext common stock, or the possibility of these sales, may adversely affect the market price of its common stock. These sales may also make it more difficult for NYSE Euronext to raise capital through the issuance of equity securities at a time and price it deems appropriate.
Upon completion of the combination, based on currently outstanding shares of NYSE Group and Euronext common stock, there will be approximately 266.5 million shares of NYSE Euronext common stock outstanding. In addition, approximately 8,500,000 shares of NYSE Euronext common stock will be reserved for issuance to directors, officers and employees of NYSE Euronext under NYSE Euronext equity plans.
Following the combination and the post-closing reorganization, of the approximately 265.1 million shares of NYSE Euronext common stock outstanding, approximately 22.6 million shares will be subject to restrictions on transfer that are scheduled to expire on March 7, 2007, approximately 33.9 million shares will be subject to restrictions on transfer that are scheduled to expire on March 7, 2008, and approximately 41.8 million shares will be subject to restrictions on transfer that are scheduled to expire on March 7, 2009. These restrictions are a continuation of the restrictions placed on shares of NYSE Group common stock issued to former NYSE members and certain Archipelago stockholders in the merger between the NYSE and Archipelago, and will apply solely to the shares of NYSE Euronext common stock issued in the merger to holders of restricted NYSE Group common stock immediately before the merger. NYSE Euronext's board of directors may, from time to time in its sole discretion, release any of these transfer restrictions from any number of these restricted shares, on terms and conditions and in ratios and numbers to be fixed
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by the board of directors in its sole discretion. For a description of the transfer restrictions see "Description of NYSE Euronext Capital StockTransfer Restrictions on Certain Shares of NYSE Euronext Common Stock."
Removal of the transfer restrictions may lead to significant numbers of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock becoming available for sale, which may adversely affect the then-prevailing market price of NYSE Euronext common stock.
Provisions of NYSE Euronext's organizational documents and applicable law may delay or deter a change of control of NYSE Euronext.
Following the combination, NYSE Euronext's organizational documents will contain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change of control of, or unsolicited acquisition proposals for, NYSE Euronext that a stockholder might consider favorable. These include provisions:
In addition, its organizational documents will include provisions that:
For a more detailed description of these provisions, see "Description of NYSE Euronext Capital Stock," as well as the forms of NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation and bylaws that will be in effect after the completion of the combination, which forms are included as Annexes E and F, respectively, to this document.
Furthermore, the NYSE Euronext board of directors has the authority to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights and preferences of these shares without stockholder approval. Any series of NYSE Euronext preferred stock is likely to be senior to the NYSE Euronext common stock with respect to dividends, liquidation rights and, possibly, voting rights. The ability of the NYSE Euronext board of directors to issue preferred stock also could have the effect of discouraging unsolicited acquisition proposals, thus adversely affecting the market price of the common stock.
In addition, Delaware law makes it difficult for stockholders that recently have acquired a large interest in a corporation to cause the merger or acquisition of the corporation against the directors' wishes. Under Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, a Delaware corporation may not engage in any merger or other business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder except in limited circumstances, including by approval of the corporation's board of directors. See "Comparison of Shareholder Rights Prior to and After the Combination."
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Section 26a of the Dutch Act on the Supervision of the Securities Trade 1995 ( Wet toezicht effectenverkeer 1995 ) requires a declaration of no objection of the Dutch Minister of Finance of any acquisition or holding of a direct or indirect interest of more than 10% of the outstanding capital or voting rights in Euronext. Such declaration should be granted unless the acquisition harms or could harm the proper functioning of the market or investor interests or the acquisition hinders or could hinder the proper monitoring of compliance of Euronext with applicable laws and regulations. Similar restrictions also apply to indirect ownership of certain qualifying interests or percentages of voting rights in certain regulated subsidiaries of Euronext. (See "RegulationEuropean Regulation.")
Additionally, any change of control of NYSE Euronext will be conditioned upon, among things, governmental authorizations, consents, orders and approvals of certain European regulatory authorities and the SEC, which must approve of any such transaction and may impose conditions on, or require divestitures or other changes relating to, the divisions, operations or assets of NYSE Euronext. For example, the SEC and the European regulators may require changes to the structure, certificate of incorporation or bylaws of NYSE Euronext and its subsidiaries as a precondition to their approval of any change of control of NYSE Euronext or its subsidiaries.
If NYSE Euronext is unable to favorably assess the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting, or if its Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is unable to provide an unqualified attestation report on NYSE Euronext's assessment, the stock price of NYSE Euronext could be adversely affected.
Under current SEC rules, assuming the combination is completed in 2007, pursuant to Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, in connection with NYSE Euronext annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2007, the management of NYSE Euronext will be required to certify to and report on, and NYSE Euronext's Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm will be required to attest to, the effectiveness of NYSE Euronext's internal controls over financial reporting with respect to the operations of NYSE Group as of December 31, 2007. NYSE Euronext and its Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm will have an additional year to attest to the effectiveness of NYSE Euronext's internal controls over financial reporting with respect to the operations of Euronext. The rules governing the standards that must be met for management to assess NYSE Euronext's internal controls over financial reporting are new and complex, and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation. The continuing effort to comply with regulatory requirements relating to internal controls will likely cause NYSE Euronext to incur increased expenses and diversion of management's time and other internal resources, in particular in respect of Euronext and its subsidiaries, which have not previously been subject to Rule 404 requirements. NYSE Euronext also may encounter problems or delays in completing the implementation of any changes necessary to make a favorable assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting. In addition, in connection with the attestation process by NYSE Euronext's Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, NYSE Euronext may encounter problems or delays in completing the implementation of any requested improvements or receiving a favorable attestation. If NYSE Euronext cannot favorably assess the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting, or if NYSE Euronext's Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is unable to provide an unqualified attestation report on NYSE Euronext's assessment, investor confidence and the stock price of NYSE Euronext's common stock could be adversely affected.
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Forward-looking statements have been made under "Summary," "Risk Factors," "Information About NYSE Group," "Information About Euronext," "Information About NYSE Euronext," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of NYSE Group," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Archipelago," and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Euronext" and in other sections of this document. These statements may include statements regarding the period following completion of the combination. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "may," "might," "will," "should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential" or "continue," and the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, may include projections of NYSE Euronext's, NYSE Group's, and Euronext's future financial performance based on their growth strategies and anticipated trends in their businesses and industry. These statements are only predictions based on NYSE Group and Euronext's current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause NYSE Euronext's, NYSE Group's and Euronext's actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the numerous risks and uncertainties described under "Risk Factors."
These risks and uncertainties are not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus describe additional factors that could adversely impact NYSE Euronext's business and financial performance. Moreover, NYSE Euronext will operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties, nor can NYSE Group or Euronext assess the impact that these factors will have on NYSE Euronext's business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Although NYSE Group and Euronext believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, they cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither NYSE Group, Euronext, NYSE Euronext nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Neither NYSE Group, Euronext, nor NYSE Euronext has a duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform the prior statements to actual results or revised expectations and no party intends to do so.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
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NYSE Group, Euronext, and NYSE Euronext caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this document in the case of forward-looking statements contained in this document, or the dates of the documents incorporated by reference into this document in the case of forward-looking statements made in those incorporated documents.
NYSE Group, Euronext, and NYSE Euronext expressly qualify in their entirety all forward-looking statements attributable to NYSE Group, Euronext or NYSE Euronext or any person acting on their behalf by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section.
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THE SPECIAL MEETING OF NYSE GROUP STOCKHOLDERS
Time, Place and Purpose of the NYSE Group Special Meeting
The special meeting of NYSE Group stockholders is scheduled to be held on December 20, 2006, at 8 a.m., Eastern Standard Time, at 11 Wall Street, New York, New York. The purpose of the NYSE Group special meeting is:
The NYSE Group board of directors recommends that you vote FOR the proposal to approve and adopt the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement, and FOR each of the two proposals relating to the additions to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation. For the reasons for this recommendation, see "Proposal 1: The CombinationNYSE Group's Reasons for the Combination."
Who Can Vote at the NYSE Group Special Meeting
Only holders of record of NYSE Group common stock at the close of business on November 17, 2006, the record date, are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the NYSE Group special meeting. As of the record date, there were 156,233,316 shares of NYSE Group common stock outstanding, all of which were entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting, after taking into account the voting limitations described under "The Special Meeting of NYSE Group StockholdersVoting Limitations." This number does not include (a) 1,645,415 shares held in treasury, all of which are held by NYSE Arca, Inc., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of NYSE Group, (b) 1,278,120 shares underlying restricted stock units granted to certain directors, officers and employees of NYSE Group, or (c) 1,682,626 shares underlying options granted to former Archipelago officers and employees. The 156,233,316 shares of NYSE Group common stock outstanding as of the record date were held by approximately 1,406 holders of record. Each share of NYSE Group common stock is entitled to one vote at the NYSE Group special meeting. Shares that are held in NYSE Group's treasury are not entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting. See "The Special Meeting of NYSE Group StockholdersVoting Limitations" below for a discussion of certain voting limitations for NYSE Group stockholders.
Votes Required
The approval and adoption of the combination agreement requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of NYSE Group common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting as of the record date, voting as a single class, either in person or by proxy. As a result, if you are a NYSE Group stockholder and do not vote or abstain from voting your shares of NYSE
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Group common stock, this will have the same effect as voting against the approval and adoption of the combination agreement. Likewise, broker non-votes and abstentions will have the same effect as a vote against the proposal to approve and adopt the combination agreement.
The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of NYSE Group common stock represented and entitled to vote at the NYSE Group special meeting is required for the approval and adoption of each proposal relating to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation. Completion of the combination is conditioned on approval of each of these proposals. As a result, a vote against either of such proposals effectively will be a vote against approval and adoption of the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement. In addition, if you abstain from voting on either proposal relating to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation, your shares of NYSE Group common stock will be counted as present for purposes of establishing a quorum, but the abstention will have the same effect as a vote against that proposal (and therefore effectively against the approval and adoption of the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement). If you fail to vote on either proposal relating to the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation, your shares of NYSE Group common stock will not be counted as present and, therefore, will not affect the adoption of such proposal (or the proposal to approve and adopt the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement), except to the extent that your failure to vote prevents a quorum of such proposal.
The holders of record of a majority of the total number of outstanding shares of NYSE Group common stock entitled to vote, represented either in person or by proxy, will constitute a quorum at the NYSE Group special meeting.
Voting Limitations
The NYSE Group certificate of incorporation places certain ownership and voting limits on the holders of NYSE Group capital stock. In particular, under the NYSE Group certificate of incorporation:
The NYSE Group board of directors may waive the provisions regarding ownership and voting limits by a resolution expressly permitting this ownership or voting (which resolution must be filed with, and approved by, the SEC prior to being effective), subject to a determination of the NYSE Group board of directors that:
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In making these determinations, the NYSE Group board of directors may impose conditions and restrictions on the relevant stockholder or its related persons that it deems necessary, appropriate or desirable in furtherance of the objectives of the Exchange Act and the governance of NYSE Group. The NYSE Group board of directors has adopted a resolution approving NYSE Euronext's level of ownership and voting of NYSE Group common stock as a result of the combination and the post-closing reorganization and intends to file such resolution with the SEC in accordance with Section 19 of the Exchange Act. No other such exception has been applied for, granted or become effective. The NYSE Group certificate of incorporation requires NYSE Group to disregard any votes cast in excess of the voting limitations.
The voting limitations do not apply to a solicitation of a revocable proxy by NYSE Group or by the directors or officers of NYSE Group on behalf of NYSE Group or to a solicitation of a revocable proxy by a stockholder in accordance with Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act. This exception, however, does not apply to certain solicitations by a stockholder pursuant to Rule 14a-2(b)(2) under the Exchange Act, which permits a solicitation made otherwise than on behalf of NYSE Group where the total number of persons solicited is not more than ten.
The NYSE Group certificate of incorporation also provides that the NYSE Group board of directors has the right to require any person (and its related persons) that the NYSE Group board of directors reasonably believes to be subject to the voting or ownership restrictions summarized above, and any stockholder, including related persons, that at any time beneficially owns 5% or more of the then outstanding capital stock of NYSE Group entitled to vote on any matter (and has not reported that ownership to NYSE Group), to provide to NYSE Group complete information as to all shares of the NYSE Group capital stock that such stockholder beneficially owns, as well as any other information relating to the applicability to such stockholder of the voting and ownership requirements outlined above as may reasonably be requested.
If you are a related person with respect to another holder of NYSE Group common stock where either: (i) you (either alone or with your related person) may vote shares of NYSE Group common stock representing more than 10% of the then outstanding votes entitled to vote at the special meeting of NYSE Group stockholders, or (ii) you have entered into an agreement not to vote shares of NYSE Group common stock, the effect of which agreement would be to enable any person, either alone or with its related persons, to vote or cause the voting of shares of the NYSE Group common stock that represent in the aggregate more than 10% of the then outstanding votes entitled to be cast at the special meeting of NYSE Group stockholders, then please so notify NYSE Group by either including that information (including each related person's complete name) on your proxy card or by contacting the corporate secretary of NYSE Group at NYSE Group, Inc., 11 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005.
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For the purposes of the NYSE Group certificate of incorporation including the voting and ownership limitations described above, "related persons" shall mean with respect to any person:
Adjournments
If no quorum of NYSE Group stockholders entitled to vote is present in person or by proxy at the NYSE Group special meeting, the NYSE Group special meeting may be adjourned from time to time until a quorum is present or represented. In addition, adjournments of the NYSE Group special meeting may be made for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies in favor of the proposal. An adjournment of the NYSE Group special meeting may be made from time to time for up to 30 days by the chairman of the special meeting, without further notice (unless a new record date is fixed for the adjourned NYSE Group special meeting) other than by an announcement made at the NYSE Group special meeting. However, no
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proxy that is voted against a proposal described in this document will be voted in favor of adjournment of the NYSE Group special meeting for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies.
Manner of Voting
If you are a NYSE Group stockholder and you hold your NYSE Group common stock in your own name, you may submit your vote for or against the proposal submitted at the NYSE Group special meeting in person or by proxy. You may vote by proxy in any of the following ways:
Information and applicable deadlines for using the proxy card, or voting by telephone or through the Internet, are set forth in the enclosed proxy card instructions.
If your shares of NYSE Group common stock are registered in the name of a broker, bank or other nominee (which is also known as being held in "street name"), that broker, bank or other nominee has enclosed or will provide a voting instruction card for the NYSE Group stockholder to direct the broker, bank or other nominee how to vote its shares. NYSE Group stockholders who hold shares in "street name" must return their instructions to their broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote their shares. If a NYSE Group stockholder that holds shares in "street name" desires to attend the NYSE Group special meeting, the NYSE Group stockholder should bring a letter from its broker, bank or other nominee identifying the NYSE Group stockholder as the beneficial owner of such shares, confirming that such shares have not otherwise been voted and will not be voted via proxy, and authorizing the NYSE Group stockholder to vote the shares or specifying how such shares had been voted.
All shares of NYSE Group common stock represented by properly executed proxies or voting instructions (including those given by phone or through the Internet) received in time for the NYSE Group special meeting will, unless revoked, be voted in accordance with the instructions indicated on those proxies or voting instructions. If no instructions are indicated on a properly executed proxy card, the shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendation of the NYSE Group board of directors and, therefore, FOR the approval and adoption of the combination agreement.
If you are a NYSE Group stockholder and your proxy indicates instructions for some, but not all, of the proposals, your votes will be cast as indicated on the specified proposals and as described in the preceding sentence for any proposal for which no instructions are indicated.
If you return a properly executed proxy card or voting instruction card and have indicated that you have abstained from voting on a proposal, your shares of NYSE Group common stock represented by the proxy will be considered present at the NYSE Group special meeting for purposes of determining a quorum, but will have the same effect as a vote against the proposal. NYSE Group urges you to mark each applicable box on the proxy card or voting instruction card to indicate how to vote your shares of NYSE Group common stock.
You may revoke your proxy at any time before it is voted by:
Attendance at the NYSE Group special meeting will not, in and of itself, constitute revocation of a previously granted proxy. If the NYSE Group special meeting is adjourned or postponed, it will not affect
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the ability of NYSE Group stockholders to exercise their voting rights or to revoke any previously granted proxy using the methods described above.
Broker Non-Votes
If you are a NYSE Group stockholder and your NYSE Group shares are held in an account at a broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to vote, you must instruct the broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote your shares. If an executed proxy card returned by a broker, bank or other nominee holding NYSE Group shares on your behalf indicates that the broker, bank or other nominee does not have discretionary authority to vote on a particular matter, the shares will be considered present at the meeting for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum, but will have the same effect as a vote against the combination agreement. This is called a broker non-vote. Your broker, bank or other nominee will vote your shares over which it does not have discretionary authority only if you provide instructions on how to vote by following the instructions provided to you by your broker, bank or other nominee. If you own shares of NYSE Group common stock through a broker, bank or other nominee and attend the NYSE Group special meeting, you should bring a letter from your broker, bank or other nominee identifying you as the beneficial owners of the shares of NYSE Group common stock and authorizing you to vote.
Solicitation of Proxies
NYSE Group will incur expenses in connection with the printing and mailing of this document. To assist in the solicitation of proxies, NYSE Group has retained MacKenzie Partners, Inc. for a fee of approximately $15,000 plus reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses. NYSE Group and its proxy solicitor also will request banks, brokers and other intermediaries holding shares of NYSE Group common stock beneficially owned by others to send this document to, and obtain proxies from, the beneficial owners and will, if requested, reimburse the record holders for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in so doing. Solicitation of proxies by mail may be supplemented by telephone and other electronic means, advertisements and personal solicitation by the directors, officers or employees of the NYSE and NYSE Group. No additional compensation will be paid to NYSE Group directors, officers or employees for solicitation.
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This section of the document describes material aspects of the proposed combination. This summary may not contain all of the information that is important to you. You should carefully read this entire document, including the full text of the combination agreement, which is attached as Annex A, and the other documents referred to for a more complete understanding of the combination.
General
NYSE Group and Euronext have entered into an agreement providing for a combination of their businesses under a new holding company named NYSE Euronext. Euronext's business will be brought under the new holding company through an exchange offer, and NYSE Group's business will be brought under the new holding company through a merger.
In the exchange offer, Euronext shareholders will be offered the right to exchange each of their Euronext shares for €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock. Instead of receiving this standard offer consideration, Euronext shareholders will have an opportunity to make either a cash election to receive all cash for their Euronext shares, or a stock election to receive all stock for their Euronext shares. These elections, however, are subject to proration to ensure that the total amount of cash paid, and the total number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock issued, in the exchange offer to the Euronext shareholders, as a whole, are equal to the total amount of cash and number of shares that would have been paid and issued if all tendering Euronext shareholders received the standard offer consideration.
The merger will occur as soon as practicable following completion of the exchange offer. In the merger, NYSE Group stockholders will have the right to receive one share of NYSE Euronext common stock for each of their shares of NYSE Group common stock. Holders of NYSE Group stock options to acquire NYSE Group common stock will receive options to acquire an equivalent number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock, and holders of NYSE Group restricted stock units will receive an equivalent number of NYSE Euronext restricted stock units. Shares of NYSE Euronext common stock that are issued to NYSE Group stockholders in the merger will be subject to the same transfer restrictions, if any, that the shares of NYSE Group common stock were subject to prior to the merger.
Following the successful completion of the exchange offer and simultaneously with or as soon as possible after the completion of the merger, NYSE Euronext intends to effectuate a post-closing reorganization of Euronext that is intended to result in Euronext becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of NYSE Euronext. In the post-closing reorganization, Euronext shareholders who did not exchange their Euronext shares in the exchange offer generally will be provided with the same consideration that such shareholders would have received had such shareholders tendered their Euronext shares in the exchange offer and not made the cash election or stock election. (See "The Combination AgreementThe Exchange OfferMix and Match Election" and "The Combination AgreementPost-Closing Reorganization). Although the structure of the post-closing reorganization may not be determined until after the expiration of the exchange offer, in the event that less than 95% of the outstanding Euronext shares are acquired in the exchange offer, it is currently anticipated that a significant portion of the consideration paid to Euronext shareholders pursuant to the post-closing reorganization will be subject to Dutch dividend withholding tax. Application of the Dutch dividend withholding tax could cause the net value of the consideration received by Euronext shareholders in the post-closing reorganization to be substantially less than the net value of the consideration such shareholders would have received had they tendered their Euronext shares in the exchange offer. See "Proposal 1: The CombinationMaterial Dutch Tax ConsequencesPost-Closing Reorganization Effectuated other than Pursuant to the Compulsory Acquisition ProcedureDividend Withholding Tax." This document refers to this reorganization as the "post-closing reorganization." In the post-closing reorganization, each Euronext share will be exchanged for €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock. However, in the event that 95%
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or more of the issued and outstanding share capital of Euronext is tendered in the exchange offer, NYSE Euronext may at its option effectuate the post-closing reorganization by initiating a compulsory acquisition procedure ( uitkoopregeling ) in accordance with section 2:92a of the Dutch Civil Code. In such circumstances, the price to be paid for such shares would be paid in cash only, in an amount determined by the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeals, which may be in an amount that is substantially more or less than the value of the consideration that Euronext shareholders received in the exchange offer. NYSE Euronext has the right to change aspects of the post-closing reorganization steps, subject to Euronext's prior consent, which may be withheld if its supervisory and managing boards determine in good faith that it needs to do so in order to comply with its fiduciary duties under applicable law. For further details regarding the post-closing reorganization, see "The Combination AgreementPost-Closing Reorganization."
Following the successful completion of the exchange offer, Euronext stock options or other Euronext stock-based awards, whether vested or unvested, will be converted into a NYSE Euronext stock option or a NYSE Euronext stock-based award, respectively, on the same terms and conditions as were applicable under such Euronext stock option and Euronext stock-based award prior to the post-closing reorganization (or such other arrangement to which NYSE Group and Euronext shall mutually agree prior to the filing of the exchange offer with the AMF). Such conversion will occur at the time of the merger or to the extent not feasible at such date for some or all holders in some or all jurisdictions (for tax reasons or otherwise), promptly thereafter and in any event no later than the completion of the post-closing reorganization. The number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock subject to each such NYSE Euronext stock option or NYSE Euronext stock-based award shall be the number of Euronext shares subject to each such Euronext stock option or Euronext stock-based award multiplied by the stock election amount (which is the amount of stock a Euronext shareholder who made the stock election in the offer would have received), rounded, if necessary, to the nearest whole share of NYSE Euronext common stock. Such NYSE Euronext stock option shall have an exercise price per share (rounded to the nearest one-hundredth of a cent) equal to the per share exercise price specified in such Euronext stock option divided by the stock election amount.
In certain circumstances, if the conversion of any of the Euronext stock options or Euronext stock-based awards would cause holders who are French residents for tax purposes to incur incrementally more taxes and/or social security charges than would be the case had they otherwise complied with certain requirements for favorable tax treatment under French law (including by holding the Euronext stock options and Euronext stock-based awards for requisite holding and vesting periods), NYSE Euronext will make specific arrangements for such holders in order to avoid, or reimburse French holders for, such incremental tax and social security liability. For a description of these arrangements, see "The Combination AgreementTreatment of Euronext Stock Options and Stock-Based Awards Following the Exchange Offer." Certain steps may be taken to effectuate the post-closing reorganization.
The aggregate number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock issued to the NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders in the combination will represent approximately 59% and 41%, respectively, of the NYSE Euronext common stock outstanding immediately after the combination assuming that any post-closing reorganization has been successfully completed.
The rights of holders of NYSE Euronext common stock will be different from the rights of NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders because the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation and bylaws in effect immediately after the combination will be different from the governing documents of NYSE Group and Euronext, and, in the case of Euronext, will be governed by Delaware law instead of Dutch law. See "Comparison of Shareholder Rights Prior to and After the Combination" for a description of the material differences.
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Background of the Combination
The NYSE Group board of directors and the Euronext supervisory and managing boards continually review their respective companies' results of operations and competitive positions in the industries in which they operate, as well as their strategic alternatives. In connection with these reviews, each of NYSE Group and Euronext from time to time has evaluated potential transactions that would further its strategic objectives.
As part of this continuous review, Euronext has since 2004 engaged in discussions regarding possible merger and acquisition transactions with a number of companies in its industry. Following the announcement by Deutsche Börse on December 13, 2004 of a potential cash offer to acquire the London Stock Exchange plc, Euronext entered into discussions with the London Stock Exchange. On December 20, 2004, Euronext announced that it was also considering making a cash offer to acquire the London Stock Exchange and was seeking a recommendation from the London Stock Exchange board. After further meetings with the London Stock Exchange, Euronext publicly reconfirmed its interest in a possible cash offer on January 27, 2005, submitted a filing relating to the possible offer with the U.K. Office of Fair Trading on January 28, 2005 and published key aspects of its potential proposal to acquire the London Stock Exchange on February 9, 2005. On March 29, 2005, the U.K. Office of Fair Trading referred the potential offers of Euronext and Deutsche Börse to the U.K. Competition Commission for investigation and report. On November 1, 2005, the U.K. Competition Commission issued its report, clearing both transactions subject to agreement of remedy undertakings that, in the case of Euronext, were agreed and announced on March 14, 2006. Discussions between Euronext and the London Stock Exchange took place during and following this antitrust review process. On April 11, 2006, Nasdaq announced that it had acquired a substantial shareholding (approximately 15%) in the London Stock Exchange. On May 3, 2006, Euronext announced that, in light of this development, it was no longer in discussions with the London Stock Exchange regarding a possible offer for the company.
Euronext also engaged in discussions with Deutsche Börse regarding a possible business combination, initially in mid-2004 and more fully in late 2005. During the latter series of discussions, however, fundamental differences in approach became apparent between the parties in terms of, among other things, business model and corporate governance.
During the same period of late 2005 and the early part of 2006, Euronext also engaged in discussions with a major U.S. exchange, following that exchange's expression of interest in a possible business combination. The discussions between the parties were focused primarily on possible synergies resulting from a combination, with preliminary discussions taking place in late April 2006 on possible transaction structures. The discussions did not lead to any concrete proposals for a combination between the two companies.
NYSE Group also from time to time considers its strategic alternatives. After the announcement of NYSE Group's acquisition of Archipelago, NYSE Group had begun to focus on opportunities that would provide it with the ability to enhance its competitive position globally, strengthen and diversify its business and revenue streams, enter new markets and advance its technology. In early January 2006, John A. Thain, chief executive officer of NYSE Group, and Jean-Francois Théodore, chief executive officer of Euronext, met in New York, at which meeting they discussed the possibility of a business combination between NYSE Group and Euronext. Mr. Thain and Mr. Théodore considered how such a combination would be beneficial to both companies and their respective constituents: the combination would create the first truly global exchange group with broad international reach (encompassing seven exchanges in six countries), diverse product offerings (trading equities, fixed income and derivatives in both U.S. dollars and euros) and leading technology. Mr. Thain and Mr. Théodore agreed that the possibility of a combination merited additional review and discussions.
In February 2006, NYSE Group and Euronext management representatives were present at a meeting of the World Federation of Exchanges in Milan, Italy. At that meeting, members of management of NYSE Group and Euronext continued discussions regarding a possible combination between the two companies and began exploring the structural and technical aspects of a combination.
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In light of Euronext's contacts with various parties regarding business combinations and related press speculation, Euronext issued a press release on April 3, 2006 that set out the key criteria that it would take into consideration in assessing possible business combinations. These were stated to include, in addition to value creation for shareholders and protecting the interests of its other stakeholders, the quantum and deliverability of synergies, the preservation of key markets and businesses, proposed regulatory and governance structures, implementation risk and the value proposition to its shareholders, users and issuers.
During the course of April 2006, a further series of meetings were held between representatives of Euronext and Deutsche Börse and their respective legal and financial advisors to discuss in detail various aspects of a potential combination such as the business model of the combined company, synergies of the combination, transaction structure, competition law aspects and governance. These meetings did not result in an agreement between the parties.
On April 12, 2006, NYSE Group and Euronext entered into a confidentiality agreement to facilitate exchanges of due diligence materials between the managements of both companies. During the remainder of that month, NYSE Group management and Euronext management had periodic discussions regarding possible transaction structures and consideration, as well as key social and governance issues presented by a combination between the two companies. In this regard, NYSE Group consulted with its financial advisor, Citigroup, and its legal advisor, Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz ("Wachtell Lipton"), and Euronext consulted with its financial advisors, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO, and its legal advisors, Bredin Prat, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP ("Cleary Gottlieb") and Stibbe. However, during this time, no formal proposals were made, and no agreement was reached.
On April 29, 2006, a joint meeting of the Euronext managing board and the Euronext supervisory board took place. At the meeting, the current status of the discussions with the London Stock Exchange, Deutsche Börse, NYSE Group and another major U.S. exchange were reviewed on the basis of presentations made by representatives of Euronext's financial advisors, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO, including comparisons of the financial and other terms of the respective potential transactions as known at that time, except for those relating to the London Stock Exchange, for which the boards concluded that there was no longer a basis for continued discussions given the acquisition by Nasdaq of a substantial stake in the London Stock Exchange. The Euronext boards extensively discussed the various elements of the potential transactions in terms of financial comparison, transaction rationale, synergies, proposed transaction structure (on the basis of a presentation by Euronext's legal advisor Stibbe), governance structure and management organization, business location, IT aspects, regulatory regime and competition issues and compared the potential transactions in terms of value creation, execution risk and perpetuation of the Euronext model. Without drawing any final conclusions, the Euronext boards formed the view that, based on the status of the discussions and negotiations at that time, a potential combination with NYSE Group seemed to be the preferred option, and the supervisory board requested the managing board to continue discussions with NYSE Group, with a special focus on regulatory aspects of the proposed combination and on the enshrinement of corporate governance principles that would ensure a balance between U.S. and European representation on the board of directors of the combined entity.
On May 11, 2006, the NYSE Group board of directors met to discuss various strategic alternatives that might be available to it, including the proposed business combination with Euronext. NYSE Group management updated the board on management's preliminary discussions with Euronext and outlined the potential benefits and risks associated with the combination as compared to the company's other alternatives. Citigroup also reviewed with the board the anticipated financial aspects of the various strategic alternatives, and Wachtell Lipton outlined legal and regulatory considerations in reviewing these alternatives. NYSE Group management and Citigroup explained to the board that NYSE Group and Euronext had not yet agreed upon an exchange ratio for the combination, but discussed a range of possible exchange ratios from 1.25 to 1.382 shares of NYSE Group common stock for every Euronext share (such exchange ratio based on a 100% stock transaction). NYSE Group management and Citigroup also explained that the parties had discussed a range of 70% to 100% for the percentage of consideration that
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would be represented by stock as opposed to cash. The board authorized NYSE Group management to continue its discussions with Euronext regarding a potential business combination transaction.
From mid-May to June 1, 2006, NYSE Group and Euronext and their respective legal and financial advisors continued discussions regarding the terms of the transaction, including transaction structures and consideration, as well as the social and governance aspects of a combination. NYSE Group and Euronext did not agree on a precise exchange ratio for the transaction, but agreed to continue discussions on the basis of an exchange ratio of 1.3 shares of NYSE Group common stock for every Euronext share (such exchange ratio based on a 100% stock transaction), where 30% of the consideration (as determined as of the date of signing the combination agreement) would be paid in cash and the remaining 70% of the consideration would be paid in stock of the combined company. NYSE Group and Euronext also agreed to proceed with further discussions on the basis that the chairman of Euronext and NYSE Group would be the chairman and deputy chairman, respectively, of the board of the combined company, and that the chief executive officers of NYSE Group and Euronext would be the chief executive officer and deputy chief executive officer, respectively, of the combined company.
On May 15, 2006, NYSE Group, through Wachtell Lipton, delivered a draft combination agreement to Euronext, through Cleary Gottlieb, for review and negotiation. Following the delivery of the draft combination agreement, the parties and their respective counsel reviewed, negotiated and revised the draft combination agreement.
Concurrently with the review and discussions regarding the draft combination agreement, representatives of NYSE Group, Euronext, Wachtell Lipton, Cleary Gottlieb, Darrois Villey Maillot Brochier (NYSE Group's special French counsel), CMS Bureau Francis Lefebvre (NYSE Group's special French tax and employee benefits counsel), Herbert Smith LLP (NYSE Group's special U.K. counsel), Loyens & Loeff (NYSE Group's special Dutch counsel), Gonçalves Pereira Castelo Branco & Associados (NYSE Group's Special Portuguese counsel), conducted due diligence investigations with respect to NYSE Group's and Euronext's business, legal, regulatory, tax and other matters. On May 16, 2006, members of NYSE Group's and Euronext's respective senior management and their respective legal and financial advisors attended meetings in New York City to conduct due diligence and to discuss the major terms of the transaction, including exploring synergy opportunities.
On May 19, 2006, Deutsche Börse publicly announced details of a proposal for a potential merger with Euronext, which it confirmed in a letter dated May 19, 2006 to Mr. Hessels and in a letter to Mr. Théodore dated May 20, 2006 which included financial details.
On May 19, 2006, the NYSE Group board of directors held a special meeting to receive an update from management and the company's advisors on the status of negotiations with Euronext. At that meeting, NYSE Group management updated the board regarding the status of negotiations with Euronext. Citigroup presented an updated financial analysis of the transaction, including that NYSE Group and Euronext discussed a possible exchange ratio of 1.3 shares of NYSE Group common stock for every Euronext share (such exchange ratio based on a 100% stock transaction), where 30% of the consideration would be paid in cash and the remaining 70% of the consideration would be paid in stock of the combined company. NYSE Group management also informed the board that NYSE Group and Euronext had agreed to proceed with further discussions on the basis that (1) the chairmen of Euronext and NYSE Group would be the chairman and deputy chairman, respectively, of the board of the combined company; (2) the chief executive officers of NYSE Group and Euronext would be the chief executive officer and deputy chief executive officer, respectively, of the combined company; and (3) a management committee consisting of an equal number of representatives from Euronext and NYSE Group would manage the high-level operations of the combined company. Wachtell Lipton reviewed with the board the key provisions of the draft combination agreement being negotiated to effect the proposed transaction, including the consideration that would be received by NYSE Group stockholders and Euronext shareholders in the proposed transaction, the conditions that would be required to be fulfilled for the transaction to be consummated and the circumstances in which the NYSE Group board of directors and the Euronext boards could consider alternative transactions that each might deem superior to the
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proposed transaction. The NYSE Group board was also informed that the proposed combination agreement contained only an expense reimbursement provision (and not a termination fee provision), payable by either party to the other in the event that either party terminated the combination agreement to accept an alternative proposal that its board deemed superior for NYSE Group stockholders (in the case of NYSE Group) or Euronext shareholders (in the case of Euronext) after consulting with its financial and legal advisors, and under certain other circumstances. The NYSE Group board of directors discussed at length the strategic aspects of the transaction, the advantages, including the way in which the transaction would further the company's objectives, and the risks, including that the transaction might be only partially consummated or not consummated at all. The board also considered the financial strength of the combined company and the amount of equity that it would need to achieve the company's objectives and ensure competitiveness going forward. The board also discussed the benefits that the proposed transaction would provide to NYSE Group stockholders, the challenges that would be encountered in combining the cultures and the operations of NYSE Group and Euronext, technological aspects of the combined company's trading platforms, the legal structure of the combined company as well as U.S. and European regulatory requirements. Representatives from Citigroup then presented financial analyses of the proposed transaction and indicated that, as of the date of the meeting, Citigroup was prepared to deliver an opinion that the aggregate consideration to be offered to the Euronext shareholders in the proposed combination was fair from a financial point of view to NYSE Group. The NYSE Group board also reviewed and considered, with NYSE Group's financial and legal advisors, the factors described under "Proposal 1: The CombinationNYSE Group's Reasons for the Combination," as well as regulatory approval risks, the process of SEC review of the proposed transaction and risks, such as non-consummation or failure of integration, in connection with the proposed transaction. The board agreed to meet telephonically the following day to discuss the transaction further.
NYSE Group and Euronext management continued to discuss the terms of a possible transaction, including the precise exchange ratio and the social and governance aspects of the combination. The parties agreed to continue discussions on the basis of an increased exchange ratio of 1.4 shares of NYSE Group common stock for every Euronext share (such exchange ratio based on a 100% stock transaction), where 30% of the consideration would be paid in cash and the remaining 70% of the consideration would be paid in stock of the combined company. In addition, the parties agreed to proceed on the basis that (1) the nominating and governance committee of the combined company's board of directors would consist of an equal number of U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries; and (2) the combined company must have a U.S. domiciliary as chief executive officer and European domiciliary as chairman, or a U.S. domiciliary as chairman and European domiciliary as chief executive officer.
On May 20, 2006, the NYSE Group board of directors held another meeting to discuss the potential transaction with Euronext. NYSE Group management updated the NYSE Group board of directors on the terms of the transaction, including the exchange ratio of 1.4 shares of NYSE Group common stock for every Euronext share (such exchange ratio based on a 100% stock transaction), where 30% of the consideration (based on the NYSE Group stock price as of the trading date prior to the announcement of the transaction) would be paid in cash and the remaining 70% of the consideration would be paid in stock of the combined company. NYSE Group man agement also updated the board regarding the key social and governance terms of the proposed combination, including the composition of the board, the nominating and governance committee of the board and the chief executive officer and chairman of the combined company. After further discussing the potential benefits and risks associated with the transaction, the NYSE Group board of directors determined that pursuing the proposed combination with Euronext was in the best interest of NYSE Group and its stockholders. It therefore instructed NYSE Group management to present a public proposal to the Euronext supervisory board in advance of Euronext's annual general shareholders meeting that was scheduled to be held on May 23, 2006, at which meeting the Euronext shareholders, at the request of one of its shareholders, would be asked to vote on the principle that a merger between Deutsche Börse and Euronext was in the best interests of all the shareholders of Euronext.
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Accordingly, on May 22, 2006, Mr. Carter, chairman of the NYSE Group board of directors, and Mr. Thain sent a letter to Mr. Hessels, the chairman of the Euronext supervisory board, and Mr. Théodore, confirming the terms of NYSE Group's proposal for the business combination. Under the terms of the proposal, Euronext shareholders would be offered the right to exchange each Euronext ordinary share for €21.32 in cash and 0.98 of a share of NYSE Euronext common stock in an exchange offer, and each share of outstanding NYSE Group common stock would be converted into one share of NYSE Euronext common stock in a subsequent merger. Based on the closing price of NYSE Group common stock of $64.50 on May 19, 2006, the consideration would be equivalent to an exchange ratio of 1.4 shares of NYSE Euronext common stock for each Euronext ordinary share, with 30% of the aggregate consideration paid in cash. The exchange offer would include a mix-and-match election to permit Euronext shareholders to elect more cash or more stock to the extent that either is available. The proposed transaction terms would also assume that Euronext would pay to its shareholders its regular annual dividend of €1 per share with respect to the 2005 financial year and Euronext's previously announced return of €3 per share by way of repayment of share capital, without any decrease to the exchange offer consideration. Under the proposal, the board of the combined company would be comprised of 20 directors, 11 of whom would be former NYSE Group directors and 9 of whom would be former Euronext supervisory directors or designees of Euronext (the parties would later agree to increase the size of the board of the combined company so that it would be comprised of 22 directors, 12 of whom would be former NYSE Group directors or designees of NYSE Group and 10 of whom would be former Euronext supervisory directors or designees of Euronext). The proposal provided that the chairman of the combined company would be Mr. Hessels and the deputy chairman would be Mr. Carter. Mr. Thain would be the chief executive officer of the combined company, and Mr. Théodore would be deputy chief executive officer of the combined company. The common stock of the combined company would be listed on both the NYSE and Euronext Paris (Eurolist by Euronext), and traded in the local currency on each market.
That same day, NYSE Group publicly disclosed its proposal to Euronext and held an investor conference to explain the terms and conditions of its proposal, as well as the rationale underlying its proposal.
On May 22, 2006, after receipt of Mr. Carter's and Mr. Thain's letter of the same day, the Euronext supervisory and managing boards met in preparation for the annual general meeting of Euronext shareholders to be held the following day. Having received proposals regarding a combination from each of Deutsche Börse and NYSE Group, the Euronext boards reviewed and compared the proposals carefully and considered their relative merits from the perspective of shareholders and other stakeholders, based on presentations made by Euronext's financial advisors, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO, and its legal advisor, Stibbe. The Euronext boards specifically reviewed and compared the proposals in respect of the same elements as those reviewed during the April 29, 2006 board meeting and the criteria set out in Euronext's April 3, 2006 press release. In particular, the boards focused on the then-current status of the discussions with NYSE Group and Deutsche Börse, respectively, regarding the key objective of a balanced corporate governance structure that would be enshrined in the constitutional documents of the combined company, as well as on the potential for regulatory issues to delay or prevent the consummation of the respective proposed combinations. The Euronext boards reached the conclusion that, based on the proposals received, the transaction with NYSE Group offered the most attractive combination, and resolved to explain both proposals at the annual meeting of Euronext shareholders to be held the next day.
On May 23, 2006, Euronext held its annual meeting of shareholders. At this meeting, the NYSE Group proposal and the Deutsche Börse proposal were explained to Euronext shareholders. Among the items to be voted on was agenda item 10b, requested to be included on the agenda by Euronext's shareholder, Winchfield Holdings N.V., which stated "the principle that a merger between Deutsche Börse and Euronext is in the best interests of all the shareholders of Euronext." The Euronext managing and supervisory boards unanimously recommended that Euronext shareholders vote against item 10b. After extensive discussions and questions-and-answers at the meeting, the Euronext shareholders voted against the Winchfield resolution, with approximately 43.9 million votes cast against, approximately 30.6 million votes cast in favor and approximately 6.6 million abstentions.
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On May 23, 2006, after the completion of Euronext's annual meeting of shareholders, the Euronext supervisory and managing boards reconvened to discuss the outcome of the shareholders meeting, in the presence of the company's financial advisors, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO, and its legal advisor, Stibbe. The boards reviewed the various questions asked and comments made by shareholders during the meeting earlier that day, as well as the outcome of the vote on the proposal submitted by Winchfield Holdings N.V. The boards resolved that the negotiations with NYSE Group on an agreement regarding the proposed combination should continue.
From May 23, 2006 to June 1, 2006, NYSE Group, Euronext and their respective financial and legal advisors continued to negotiate the terms of the combination agreement, with a focus on the key governance aspects of the combination. In addition to the composition of the board and management that had been part of prior drafts of the combination agreement, NYSE Group and Euronext agreed that the bylaws of the combined company would provide that certain decisions of the board of the combined company, including certain acquisitions undertaken by the combined company, would require approval of two-thirds of the directors of the combined company, thereby ensuring that both U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries on the board would have to approve such transactions. In addition, NYSE Group and Euronext agreed that the bylaws of the combined company would provide that the positions of chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer of NYSE Euronext would always be filled by one person who is a European domiciliary and one person who is a U.S. domiciliary and that the nominating and governance committee of the combined company's board of directors would be composed of an equal number of U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries. These provisions could only be amended with the approval of 80% of the combined company's shareholders or two-thirds of its directors then in office.
By June 1, 2006, NYSE Group, Euronext and their respective financial and legal advisors finalized the terms of the proposed combination agreement.
On that day, a joint meeting of the Euronext managing board and supervisory board was held, again in the presence of its financial advisors, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO, and its legal advisor, Stibbe. The boards considered the outcome of the negotiations that had taken place with NYSE Group and its advisors since May 23, 2006, based on presentations given by their advisors, including a comparison of the terms and key considerations of the proposed transaction with NYSE Group and the latest proposal of Deutsche Börse, being the proposal received by Euronext on May 20, 2006, as well as a summary of the proposed combination agreement between Euronext and NYSE Group. Among other things, the boards noted the improvements agreed to with respect to a balanced corporate governance structure for the combined company, to be enshrined in its certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and the consideration given in that context to the relevant regulatory aspects of the transaction and the proposed combination. The Euronext boards also reviewed and considered with their financial and legal advisors various factors described under "Proposal 1: The CombinationEuronext's Reasons for the Combination." Representatives from Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO provided a financial analysis of the transaction and Morgan Stanley rendered its oral opinion, subsequently confirmed in writing by each financial advisor, that, as of June 1, 2006, and based upon and subject to the assumptions and other limitations set forth in its opinion, the consideration to be received by the Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer was fair from a financial point of view to the Euronext shareholders, as a whole. In addition, representatives from ABN AMRO rendered to the Euronext supervisory and managing boards the opinion of ABN AMRO that, as of June 1, 2006, and based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications and other considerations set forth in its opinion, the standard offer consideration to be offered to the Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer was fair from a financial point of view to the Euronext shareholders. After deliberation, the Euronext supervisory board determined that the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby presented the most attractive solution in the context for Euronext, its shareholders and other stakeholders and the supervisory board authorized the managing board to sign the combination agreement on behalf of Euronext.
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That same day, the NYSE Group board of directors met again to consider the proposed transaction. At the meeting, NYSE Group management updated the board on its discussions with Euronext and reviewed the updated terms of the proposed combination agreement. Representatives from Wachtell Lipton described the updated terms of the combination agreement and governance arrangements proposed to be entered into in connection with the combination. Representatives from Citigroup provided a financial analysis of the transaction and rendered Citigroup's oral opinion, subsequently confirmed in writing, that, as of June 1, 2006 and based upon and subject to the various considerations set forth in the opinion, the consideration to be offered to the Euronext shareholders in the proposed combination was fair from a financial point of view to NYSE Group. The NYSE Group board of directors also reviewed and considered, with NYSE Group's financial and legal advisors, the factors described under "Proposal 1: The CombinationNYSE Group's Reasons for the Combination." After deliberations, the NYSE Group board of directors determined that the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement were fair and in the best interest of NYSE Group and its stockholders and authorized management to execute the combination agreement on behalf of the company.
Shortly thereafter, NYSE Group and Euronext entered into the combination agreement.
On November 24, 2006, the combination agreement was amended and restated to, among other things:
For a description of the combination agreement, see "The Combination Agreement."
NYSE Group's Reasons for the Combination
On June 1, 2006, the NYSE Group board of directors determined that the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement were advisable, fair to and in the best interests of NYSE Group stockholders and approved and adopted the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement. The NYSE Group board of directors recommends that NYSE Group stockholders vote FOR the approval and adoption of the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement at the NYSE Group special meeting of stockholders.
In reaching this decision, the NYSE Group board of directors consulted with NYSE Group management and its financial and legal advisors and considered a variety of factors, including the material factors described below. In light of the number and wide variety of factors considered in connection with its evaluation of the transaction, the NYSE Group board of directors did not consider it practicable to, and did not attempt to, quantify or otherwise assign relative weights to the specific factors that it considered in reaching its determination. The NYSE Group board of directors viewed its position as being based on all of the information available and the factors presented to and considered by it. In addition, individual directors may have given different weight to different factors. This explanation of NYSE Group's reasons for the proposed combination and all other information presented in this section is forward-looking in nature and, therefore, should be read in light of the factors discussed under "Forward-Looking Statements."
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Strategic Considerations
The NYSE Group board of directors considered a number of factors pertaining to the strategic rationale for the combination as generally supporting its decision to enter into the combination agreement, including the following:
For a discussion of NYSE Euronext's strategy for taking advantage of these strengths of the combined company after the combination, see "Information About NYSE EuronextNYSE Euronext's Competitive Strengths" and "Information About NYSE EuronextNYSE Euronext's Strategy."
Financial Considerations
The NYSE Group board of directors also considered a number of financial factors pertaining to the combination as generally supporting its decision to enter into the combination agreement, including the following:
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Other Transaction Considerations
The NYSE Group board of directors also considered a number of additional factors in its decision to enter into the combination agreement, including the following:
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maintained unless the nominating and governance committee and the board of directors of NYSE Euronext, both equally composed of U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries, decide otherwise or unless the NYSE Euronext bylaws are amended by a supermajority vote); the NYSE Euronext bylaws would provide that the NYSE Euronext board of directors could be composed either of: (1) an even number of U.S. domiciliaries and European domiciliaries or (2) the smallest possible majority of U.S. domiciliaries and the largest possible minority of European domiciliaries; and these composition requirements could not be changed without the approval of not less than (1) two-thirds of the directors then in office or (2) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of NYSE Euronext entitled to vote generally in the election of directors;
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Risks
The NYSE Group board of directors also considered a number of uncertainties, risks and other potentially negative factors associated with the combination, including the following:
79
The NYSE Group board of directors believed that these potential risks and drawbacks were greatly outweighed by the potential benefits that the NYSE Group board expected NYSE Group and its stockholders to achieve as a result of the proposed combination.
In considering the proposed combination, the NYSE Group board of directors was aware of the interests of certain officers and directors of, and advisors to, NYSE Group and its board in the combination, as described under "Proposal 1: The CombinationInterests of Officers and Directors in the Combination" and "Proposal 1: The CombinationCertain Relationships and Related-Party Transactions."
Euronext's Reasons for the Combination
On June 1, 2006, at a joint meeting of the Euronext managing and supervisory boards, the supervisory board determined that the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement presented the most attractive solution in the context for Euronext and its shareholders and other stakeholders and decided to enter into the combination agreement. On November 23, 2006, at a joint meeting of the Euronext supervisory and managing boards, the supervisory and managing boards adopted a resolution recommending that Euronext shareholders approve the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement, including the post-closing reorganization. The Euronext supervisory and managing boards recommend that Euronext shareholders vote FOR the approval of the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement, including the post-closing reorganization.
In reaching the decisions to approve and recommend the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, the Euronext boards consulted with their financial and legal advisors and considered a variety of factors, including the material factors described below. In light of the number and wide variety of factors considered in connection with their evaluation of the transaction, the Euronext boards did not consider it practicable or possible to quantify or otherwise assign relative weights to the
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specific factors that they considered in reaching their determination. The Euronext boards viewed their position as being based on all of the information available and the factors presented to and considered by them. This explanation of Euronext's reasons for the proposed combination and all other information presented in this section is forward-looking in nature and, therefore, should be read in light of the factors discussed under "Forward-Looking Statements."
Strategic Considerations
The exchange sector is experiencing consolidation, which is intensifying competition among exchanges worldwide. One of the key drivers of the trend towards consolidation is the perceived benefit in combining and harmonizing technologies across exchanges in order to lower trading costs and increase liquidity. In this context, Euronext discussed possible combinations with a number of potential partners in the months preceding the joint meeting of the Euronext managing and supervisory boards on June 1, 2006. The Euronext boards considered a number of factors pertaining to the strategic rationale for the combination with NYSE Group as generally supporting their decision to enter into the combination agreement, including the following:
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For a discussion of NYSE Euronext's strategy for taking advantages of these strengths of the combined company after the combination, see "Information About NYSE EuronextEuronext's Strategy."
Financial Considerations
The Euronext managing and supervisory boards also considered a number of financial factors pertaining to the combination as generally supporting their decisions to enter into the combination agreement and to recommend that Euronext shareholders approve the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the following:
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Other Transaction Considerations
The Euronext managing and supervisory boards also considered a number of additional factors in their decisions to enter into the combination agreement and to recommend that Euronext shareholders approve the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the following:
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Risks
The Euronext managing and supervisory boards also considered a number of uncertainties, risks and other potentially negative factors associated with the combination, including the following:
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In approving and recommending Euronext shareholder approval of the combination, the Euronext managing and supervisory boards believed that these potential risks and drawbacks were greatly outweighed by the potential benefits that the boards expected Euronext and its shareholders and other stakeholders to achieve as a result of the proposed combination.
In considering the proposed combination, the Euronext managing and supervisory boards were aware of the interests of certain of their members and of certain advisors to Euronext in the combination, as described under "Proposal 1: The CombinationInterests of Officers and Directors in the CombinationInterests of Euronext Directors and Executive Officers" and "The CombinationCertain Relationships and Related-Party Transactions."
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Neither NYSE Group nor Euronext as a matter of course publicly discloses detailed forecasts or internal projections as to future revenues, earnings or financial condition. However, in the course of their discussions regarding the proposed combination, as discussed under "Proposal 1: The CombinationBackground of the Combination," NYSE Group and Euronext provided each other with certain business and financial data that were made publicly available on the date after the announcement of the signing of the combination agreement. Set forth below is an excerpt of the business and financial data and projections that were made publicly available.
The projections described below are based on the following assumptions:
Projected Cost Savings
The following table sets forth the projected annual cost savings resulting from the combination and the sources for those cost savings (as well as the expected year in which the annual costs savings will be achieved):
|
($ million)
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
Comments
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Technology | $ | 30 | $ | 100 | $ | 250 | Consolidation of three cash trading platforms (NSC, Hybrid, NYSE Arca) and three derivatives platforms (LIFFE CONNECT®, NYSE Arca Options, PCX+) onto one global cash trading platform and one global options and futures derivatives platform; consolidation of ten data centers into four globally linked data centers | ||||
| Non-IT | 25 | 25 | 25 | Integration of support functions; Rationalize marketing expenses; Streamline corporate costs (e.g. insurance, occupancy, professional services) | |||||||
| Total | $ | 55 | $ | 125 | $ | 275 | Run-rate of $275 million cost synergies | ||||
| Restructuring Costs | $ | 70 | $ | 70 | $ | 40 | Cash expenses directly impacting income statement | ||||
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Projected Revenue Synergies
The following table sets forth the projected annual revenue synergies resulting from the combination and the sources of those revenue synergies. The following revenue synergies are expected to be achieved within three years after the combination.
|
($ million)
|
Revenue
Synergies |
Comments
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Derivatives |
|
$45 |
|
|
|
Cross-selling with a shared customer base. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extend the highly successful European wholesale OTC derivative service ("ABC") in the United States. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Launch new products (e.g. transatlantic index, corporate credit derivatives). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Represents 8% of first quarter 2006 annualized combined revenue base of $537 million / €418 million. |
|
Cash Trading |
|
$35 |
|
|
|
Meet European demand for U.S. blue chip companies. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cross-fertilize product development in structured products and ETFs. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Opportunity to extend trading hours across time zones. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Represents approximately 3% of first quarter 2006 annualized combined revenue base of $1,021 million / €795 million. |
|
Listings |
|
$20 |
|
|
|
Pre-eminent brand and deepest global liquidity pool that provides global issuers with maximum flexibility to raise capital. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leverage NYSE Euronext listing brand to capture overseas listings. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Develop Euro-denominated Global Depository Receipt (GDR) program so U.S. issuers can leverage European liquidity pools. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Position Alternext to compete with London Stock Exchange's AIM on international small cap issues. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Represents approximately 5% of first quarter 2006 annualized combined revenue base of $399 million / €311 million. |
|
Total |
|
$100 / €78 |
|
|
|
Represents approximately 3% of total first quarter 2006 annualized combined revenue base of $3.1 billion / €2.4 billion. |
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While these projections were prepared in good faith by NYSE Group management and Euronext management, no assurance can be made regarding future events. The estimates and assumptions underlying the projections involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive, regulatory and financial market conditions and future business decisions that may not be realized and are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive and regulatory uncertainties, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the control of NYSE Group and Euronext and will be beyond the control of NYSE Euronext. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the projected results will be realized or that actual results will not differ materially from those presented in the financial data. Such projections cannot, therefore, be considered a reliable predictor of future operating results, and this information should not be relied on as such. The information in this section was not prepared with a view toward public disclosure or with a view toward complying with the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants with respect to prospective financial data, published guidelines of the SEC regarding forward-looking statements, or U.S. GAAP. In the view of NYSE Group management and Euronext management, the information was prepared on a reasonable basis. However, this information is not fact and should not be relied upon as being necessarily indicative of future results, and readers of this document are cautioned not to place undue reliance on this information.
See cautionary statements regarding forward-looking information under "Forward-Looking Statements."
The prospective financial data included in this document have been prepared by, and are the responsibility of, NYSE Group management and Euronext management, as applicable. Neither PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Ernst & Young LLP, Ernst & Young Accountants nor KPMG Accountants N.V. has examined or compiled the accompanying prospective financial data and, accordingly, neither PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Ernst & Young LLP, Ernst & Young Accountants nor KPMG Accountants N.V. expresses an opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto. The PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP reports included in this document relate to NYSE Euronext and NYSE Group's historical financial data; the Ernst & Young LLP reports included in this document relate to Archipelago's historical financial data; and the Ernst & Young Accountants and KPMG Accountants N.V. reports included in this document relate to Euronext's historical financial data. None of these reports extends to the prospective financial data and should not be read to do so.
Neither NYSE Group, Euronext nor NYSE Euronext intends to update or otherwise revise the prospective financial data to reflect circumstances existing since its preparation or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, even in the event that any or all of the underlying assumptions are shown to be in error. Furthermore, neither NYSE Group, Euronext nor NYSE Euronext intends to update or revise the prospective financial data to reflect changes in general economic or industry conditions.
These projections are not included in this document in order to induce any stockholder or shareholder to vote in favor of the approval and adoption of the combination agreement, to tender its shares in the exchange offer or to acquire securities of NYSE Euronext.
Opinion of NYSE Group's Financial Advisor
NYSE Group retained Citigroup to act as its financial advisor in connection with the proposed combination with Euronext. Pursuant to Citigroup's engagement letter with NYSE Group, Citigroup rendered to the NYSE Group board of directors on June 1, 2006 an oral opinion, which was subsequently confirmed by delivery of a written opinion, dated June 1, 2006, to the effect that, as of the date of the opinion and based upon and subject to the considerations and limitations set forth in the opinion,
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Citigroup's work described below and other factors it deemed relevant, the aggregate consideration to be paid by NYSE Euronext in the exchange offer is fair, from a financial point of view, to NYSE Group.
The full text of Citigroup's written opinion, which sets forth the assumptions made, general procedures followed, matters considered and limits on the review undertaken, is included as Annex B to this document. The summary of Citigroup's opinion set forth below is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the opinion.
Holders of NYSE Group common stock are urged to read Citigroup's opinion carefully and in its entirety. Citigroup's opinion was provided for the information of the NYSE Group board of directors in its evaluation of the proposed combination with Euronext and was limited solely to the fairness, from a financial point of view, to NYSE Group as of the date of the opinion, of the aggregate consideration to be paid by NYSE Euronext in the exchange offer. Neither Citigroup's opinion nor its related analyses constituted a recommendation of the transaction with Euronext to the NYSE Group board of directors. Citigroup makes no recommendation to any stockholder regarding how such stockholder should vote or act on any matters relating to the proposed combination, including the exchange offer or the merger.
In arriving at its opinion, Citigroup reviewed the combination agreement and held discussions with certain senior officers, directors and other representatives and advisors of NYSE Group and certain senior officers and other representatives and advisors of Euronext concerning the business, operations and prospects of NYSE Group and Euronext. Citigroup examined certain publicly available business and financial information relating to NYSE Group and Euronext, as well as certain financial forecasts and other information and data relating to NYSE Group and Euronext that were provided to or otherwise reviewed by or discussed with Citigroup by the respective managements of NYSE Group and Euronext, including information relating to the potential strategic implications and operational benefits (including the amount, timing and achievability thereof) anticipated by the respective managements of NYSE Group and Euronext to result from the proposed combination, and adjustments to the forecasts and other information and data relating to Euronext discussed with Citigroup by the management of NYSE Group. In addition, Citigroup assumed, with NYSE Group's consent, that there are no material undisclosed liabilities of NYSE Group and Euronext for which adequate reserves or other provisions have not been made. Citigroup reviewed the financial terms of the acquisition of the Euronext shares as set forth in the combination agreement in relation to, among other things:
Citigroup considered, to the extent publicly available, the financial terms of certain other transactions that Citigroup considered relevant in evaluating the proposed combination and analyzed certain financial, stock market and other publicly available information relating to the businesses of other companies whose operations Citigroup considered relevant in evaluating those of NYSE Group and Euronext. Citigroup also evaluated certain potential pro forma financial effects of the proposed combination on NYSE Group. In addition to the foregoing, Citigroup conducted such other analyses and examinations and considered such other information and financial, economic and market criteria as Citigroup deemed appropriate in arriving at its opinion. Citigroup did not consider the impact of Euronext's share repurchase program on the fairness of the transactions to each set of shareholders because it regarded the effect of the repurchase program as immaterial to its analysis.
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In rendering its opinion, Citigroup assumed and relied, without independent verification, upon the accuracy and completeness of all financial and other information and data publicly available or provided to or otherwise reviewed by or discussed with it and upon the assurances of the managements of NYSE Group and Euronext that they were not aware of any relevant information that was omitted or that remained undisclosed to Citigroup. With respect to financial forecasts and other information and data provided to or otherwise reviewed by or discussed with Citigroup relating to NYSE Group and Euronext, including certain potential pro forma effects of, and strategic implications and operational benefits anticipated to result from, the proposed combination, Citigroup was advised by the respective managements of NYSE Group and Euronext that such forecasts and other information and data were reasonably prepared on bases reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments of the managements of NYSE Group and Euronext as to the future financial performance of NYSE Group and Euronext. Citigroup assumed, with NYSE Group's consent, that the financial results (including the potential pro forma financial effects, strategic implications and operational benefits anticipated to result from the proposed combination) reflected in such forecasts and other information and data will be realized in the amounts and at the times projected by NYSE Group's management. Citigroup also assumed, with NYSE Group's consent, that the proposed combination will be consummated in accordance with the terms of the combination agreement, without waiver, modification or amendment of any material term, condition or agreement and that, in the course of obtaining the necessary regulatory or third party approvals, consents and releases for the proposed combination, no delay, limitation, restriction or condition will be imposed that would have an adverse effect on NYSE Group, Euronext or the contemplated benefits of the proposed combination.
Citigroup also assumed, with NYSE Group's consent, that NYSE Euronext was organized in connection with the proposed combination and upon consummation of the proposed combination, its sole assets will be the Euronext shares acquired pursuant to the exchange offer and all of the shares of NYSE Group common stock acquired pursuant to the merger. Citigroup also assumed, with NYSE Group's consent, that the merger will be treated as a tax-free reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Citigroup did not express any opinion as to the value of the NYSE Euronext common stock when issued pursuant to the proposed combination, or the price at which the NYSE Euronext common stock will trade at any time. Citigroup did not make, and was not provided with, an independent evaluation or appraisal of the assets or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of NYSE Group or Euronext, and did not make any physical inspection of the properties or assets of NYSE Group or Euronext. Citigroup expressed no view as to, and its opinion does not address, the relative merits of the proposed combination as compared to any alternative business strategies that might exist for NYSE Group or the effect of any other transaction in which NYSE Group might engage. Citigroup's opinion does not address or take into account any post-closing reorganization pursuant to the combination agreement that may occur following the closing of the exchange offer, or the consideration that may be paid pursuant to such post-closing reorganization. Citigroup's analysis assumes that 100% of the Euronext shares are acquired by NYSE Euronext for the offer consideration. Citigroup's opinion was necessarily based upon information available to Citigroup, and financial, stock market and other conditions and circumstances existing, as of the date thereof.
In connection with rendering its opinion, Citigroup made a presentation to the NYSE Group board of directors on June 1, 2006 with respect to the material financial analyses performed by Citigroup in evaluating the fairness of the aggregate consideration to be paid by NYSE Euronext in the exchange offer as of the date of Citigroup's opinion. The following is a summary of the financial analyses contained in that presentation. The summary includes information presented in tabular format. In order to understand fully the financial analyses used by Citigroup, these tables must be read together with the text of each summary. The tables alone do not constitute a complete description of the financial analyses. The following quantitative information, to the extent it is based on market data, is, except as otherwise indicated, based on market data as it existed at or prior to May 31, 2006, and is not necessarily indicative of current or future market conditions.
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Indicated Transaction Multiples
Citigroup calculated various multiples based on the implied transaction price per Euronext share and the related firm value ("FV"), calculated as equity value plus net debt, reflected in the exchange offer. These calculations were based on Euronext's financial statements and estimates and forecasts for Euronext prepared by NYSE management. Citigroup calculated the multiple of the Euronext FV to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") and the multiple of the implied transaction price per Euronext share to earnings per share ("EPS"). In addition, Citigroup calculated the premium or discount to various closing market prices of each Euronext share reflected by the implied transaction price per share. Such premium or discount was calculated on a stated price per share basis, and excluding Euronext's previously announced distribution of €3 per share by means of repayment of share capital.
The following table presents the results of these calculations (all dollar and euro amounts in millions other than per share prices):
|
|
Transaction Valuation
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Implied Transaction Price per Share | €66.95 | $ | 85.99 | (1) | ||
| Aggregate Consideration | €7,496 | $ | 9,629 | (1) | ||
| Firm Value (2) | 7,511 | 9,647 | (1) | |||
| Pro Forma Ownership by NYSE Group (3) | 58.9 | % | 58.9 | % | ||
|
|
Euronext EBITDA
|
Transaction
FV/EBITDA |
Euronext EPS
|
Transaction
Price/EPS |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTM (Last Twelve Months) | €421 | 17.8 | x | €2.68 | 25.0 | x | ||||
| 2006E | 492 | 15.3 | 2.85 | 23.5 | ||||||
| 2007E | 612 | 12.3 | 3.44 | 19.5 | ||||||
|
Premium/(Discount) to Market Price per Share:
|
Euronext Share Price
|
Premium/(Discount)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5/31/06Stated | €67.00 | (0.1 | )% | ||
| 5/17/06Stated | 67.00 | (0.1 | ) | ||
| 5/17/06Excluding Special Dividend | 64.00 | (2) | 4.6 | (2) |
Comparable Companies Analysis
Citigroup reviewed market values and trading multiples for the following publicly held companies in the exchange operator industry (which in this document is sometimes referred to as the "peer group") and compared them with financial data for Euronext:
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All multiples were based on market data as of May 31, 2006. The forecasted financial information used by Citigroup for the selected comparable companies in the course of this analysis was based on First Call and Institutional Brokers Estimate System, or IBES, as provided by Thomson Financial and IDD Information Services. First Call is a global database that provides real-time electronic access to original full text equity research reports. IBES contains estimated and actual earnings cash flows, dividends, sales and pre-tax income data for companies in the U.S., Europe, Asia and emerging markets. The forecasted financial information used by Citigroup for Euronext in the course of these analyses was based on NYSE Group management estimates and assumes Euronext fully-diluted shares of 111.975 million and exchange rates as of May 31, 2006.
For each of the selected comparable companies, Citigroup derived and compared, among other things:
The following table sets forth the results of this analysis:
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Ratio of FV to 2006E
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Price per share/EPS
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Selected Companies
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Revenue
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EBITDA
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2006E
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2007E
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2008E
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| Range | 4.7x-16.1x | 10.0x-25.9x | 17.0x-45.8x | 15.4x-32.1x | 13.8x-25.6x | |||||
| Median | 8.4x | 18.2x | 29.0x | 24.2x | 21.2x | |||||
| Mean | 9.0x | 17.2x | 30.6x | 24.0x | 20.6x | |||||
Based on this analysis, Citigroup derived a reference range for the implied price per Euronext share of €65.36 to €75.67. Citigroup calculated that this range of implied values would result in an implied multiple of estimated 2007 EPS of 19.0x to 22.0x.
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Precedent Exchange Change-of-Control Analysis
Citigroup reviewed multiples of FV to LTM revenue and LTM EBITDA and multiples of equity value ("EV") to LTM net income for the following selected pending or completed transactions (listed by acquirer/target, together with date of announcement) in the exchange operator industry since 2001:
The following table presents the results of this analysis:
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Ratio of FV to:
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Ratio of EV to:
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Selected Transactions
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LTM Net Income
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LTM Revenue
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LTM EBITDA
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| Range | 1.9x-15.4x | 8.3x-31.6x | 18.2x-45.4x | |||
| Median | 4.6x | 18.2x | 29.6x | |||
| Mean | 7.0x | 18.6x | 30.8x | |||
Based upon this information and financial data for Euronext, Citigroup derived a reference range for the multiple of EV to LTM net income for Euronext of 25.0x to 40.0x. Citigroup calculated that this range of multiples would result in an implied price of each Euronext share, assuming 111.975 million fully-diluted Euronext shares outstanding and after an adjustment excluding the €3 per Euronext share special dividend, of approximately €63.41 to €103.25.
Sum-of-the-Parts Analysis
Citigroup performed a sum-of-the-parts analysis to calculate the implied value of the Euronext shares based on the sum of the implied valuations for each of Euronext's principal business segments (including cash trading/listing business, derivatives trading business and other businesses) on a standalone basis. For the purposes of this analysis, Citigroup included Euronext's indirect ownership stake in MTS in its cash trading/listing business segment and all information services, settlement and custody, sales of software and holding/unallocated lines of business were included in "other businesses." Citigroup derived reference 2007 earnings estimates from each line of business's 1Q 2006 EBITA, their respective percentages of Euronext's consolidated 1Q 2006 EBITA and the consolidated 2007 earnings estimate prepared by NYSE Group management. Based on these reference earnings estimates and a range of estimated multiples of price to earnings of each segment's public comparables for 2007, Citigroup calculated a range of implied valuations for each business segment on a standalone basis.
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The following table sets forth the results of this analysis (all euro amounts in millions other than per share prices):
Based on this analysis, Citigroup derived a reference range for the implied value of Euronext on a consolidated basis of approximately €8,074 million to €9,690 million. Citigroup calculated that this range of implied values would result in an implied per share value, assuming 111.975 million fully-diluted Euronext shares outstanding, of €72.11 to €86.54.
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
Citigroup performed a discounted cash flow analysis to calculate the estimated present value of the standalone after-tax free cash flows that Euronext could generate over the period from 2007 through 2011 based upon estimated net income for Euronext prepared by NYSE Group management for 2007 and 2008, and a 2009 through 2011 annual revenue growth rate of 10%. Citigroup also performed a discounted cash flow analysis to calculate the estimated present value of the standalone after-tax free cash flows that Euronext could generate over the same period taking into account 100% of approximately $375 million in annual pre-tax synergies estimated by NYSE Group management to result from the transaction, phased-in at approximately $-11 million in 2007, $94 million in 2008 and $310 million in 2009.
The discounted cash flow analysis was calculated using various additional assumptions, including the following:
Citigroup calculated a range of estimated terminal values by applying a 3% perpetuity growth rate to 2011 estimated net income for Euronext on a standalone basis. In addition, Citigroup calculated a similar range by applying a range of terminal multiples of 16.0x-18.0x to fiscal 2012 estimated net income for Euronext on a standalone basis. The present value of the cash flows and terminal values were calculated using discount rates ranging from 9.3% to 11.3%.
In each case without taking into account any synergies, Citigroup derived a reference range for the implied value of the equity per Euronext share of approximately €63.46 to €84.89 based on the 3% perpetuity growth rate analysis and a reference range €78.73 to €93.89 based on the terminal multiples analysis.
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Contribution Analysis
Based upon historical operating and financial information for the 12 months ended March 31, 2006 and NYSE Group management's 2006, 2007 and 2008 earnings estimates for Euronext and NYSE Group, Citigroup reviewed the implied contribution percentages of NYSE Group and Euronext to the combined company, unaffected by any pro forma adjustments, in terms of LTM revenues, LTM and estimated 2006, 2007 and 2008 EBITDA and LTM and estimated 2006, 2007 and 2008 net income.
Based upon the foregoing analysis, without taking into account any cost savings or revenue synergies or other transaction adjustments, Citigroup calculated an implied NYSE Group contribution range in the combined company of approximately 22% to 53%, compared with an implied ownership percentage of NYSE Group shareholders in the pro forma entity of 58.9% on a fully diluted basis.
Pro Forma Analysis
Citigroup analyzed the pro forma impact of the acquisition by NYSE Euronext of the Euronext shares on projected EPS for NYSE Group, based upon fiscal 2007 and 2008 earnings estimates prepared by NYSE Group management for NYSE Group and Euronext. The effect on EPS was calculated assuming the transaction closed on December 31, 2006 and using various other assumptions, including the following:
Citigroup compared the NYSE Group management's estimate of standalone 2007 and 2008 EPS of NYSE Group (GAAP EPS) and the GAAP EPS plus after-tax effect of intangible amortization (cash EPS), to the estimated GAAP EPS and cash EPS, respectively, of the combined company using the foregoing assumptions.
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2007 Estimated
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2008 Estimated
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NYSE Group
Standalone |
Pro Forma
Combined |
NYSE Group
Standalone |
Pro Forma
Combined |
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| Estimated GAAP EPS | $ | 2.24 | $ | 2.53 | $ | 2.81 | $ | 3.52 | ||||||
| Accretion/(Dilution) | 13.3 | % | 25.2 | % | ||||||||||
| Estimated Cash EPS | $ | 2.26 | $ | 2.75 | $ | 2.84 | $ | 3.73 | ||||||
| Accretion/(Dilution) | 21.3 | % | 31.4 | % | ||||||||||
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Other Factors
In rendering its opinion, Citigroup also reviewed and considered other factors for informational purposes, including:
Based on the analyses described above, Citigroup determined that the aggregate consideration to be paid by NYSE Euronext in the exchange offer is fair, as of the date of the opinion, from a financial point of view, to NYSE Group.
Citigroup's opinion was provided for the information of the NYSE Group board of directors in its evaluation of the proposed transaction with the holders of the Euronext shares and was limited solely to the fairness, from a financial point of view, as of the date of the opinion, of the aggregate consideration to be paid by NYSE Euronext to the holders of the Euronext shares for the acquisition of the Euronext shares. Neither Citigroup's opinion nor its related analyses constituted a recommendation of the transaction with the holders of the Euronext shares to the NYSE Group board of directors. Citigroup makes no recommendation to any stockholder regarding how such stockholder should vote or act on any matters relating to the transactions, including the merger and the payment by NYSE Euronext of the aggregate consideration to holders of the Euronext shares.
The preceding discussion is a summary of the material financial analyses furnished by Citigroup to the NYSE Group board of directors, but it does not purport to be a complete description of the analyses performed by Citigroup or of its presentation to the NYSE Group board of directors. The preparation of financial analyses and fairness opinions is a complex process involving subjective judgments and is not necessarily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. Citigroup made no attempt to assign specific weights to particular analyses or factors considered, but rather made qualitative judgments as to the significance and relevance of all the analyses and factors considered and determined to give its fairness opinion as described above. Accordingly, Citigroup believes that its analyses, and the summary set forth above, must be considered as a whole, and that selecting portions of the analyses and of the factors considered by Citigroup, without considering all of the analyses and factors, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the processes underlying the analyses conducted by Citigroup and its opinion. With regard to the comparable companies and precedent transactions analyses summarized above, Citigroup
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selected comparable public companies and precedent transactions on the basis of various factors, including size and similarity of the line of business of the relevant entities; however, no company utilized in these analyses is identical to Euronext and no precedent transaction is identical to the proposed transaction with holders of the Euronext shares. As a result, these analyses are not purely mathematical, but also take into account differences in financial and operating characteristics of the subject companies and other factors that could affect the proposed transaction with holders of the Euronext shares or public trading value of the subject companies to which Euronext is being compared.
In its analyses, Citigroup made numerous assumptions with respect to NYSE Group and Euronext, industry performance, general business, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond the control of NYSE Group and Euronext. Any estimates contained in Citigroup's analyses are not necessarily indicative of actual values or predictive of future results or values, which may be significantly more or less favorable than those suggested by these analyses. Estimates of values of companies do not purport to be appraisals or necessarily to reflect the prices at which companies may actually be sold. Because these estimates are inherently subject to uncertainty, none of NYSE Group, Euronext, the NYSE Group board of directors, Citigroup or any other person assumes responsibility if future results or actual values differ materially from the estimates. Citigroup's analyses were prepared solely as part of Citigroup's analysis of the fairness of the consideration to be issued by NYSE Euronext for the acquisition of the Euronext shares and were provided for the information of the NYSE Group board of directors in that connection. The opinion of Citigroup was only one of the factors taken into consideration by the NYSE Group board of directors in making its determination to approve the transaction agreement and the transactions. See "Proposal 1: The CombinationNYSE Group's Reasons for the Combination."
Citigroup is an internationally recognized investment banking firm engaged in, among other things, the valuation of businesses and their securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, restructurings, leveraged buyouts, negotiated underwritings, competitive biddings, secondary distributions of listed and unlisted securities, private placements and valuations for estate, corporate and other purposes. The NYSE Group board of directors selected Citigroup to act as its financial advisor in connection with the proposed transaction with Euronext on the basis of Citigroup's international reputation, Citigroup's experience in the financial service industry and Citigroup's familiarity with NYSE Group and Euronext. Pursuant to its May 17, 2006 engagement letter between NYSE Group and Citigroup, NYSE Group paid Citigroup $5 million following the delivery of its opinion, and NYSE Group has agreed to pay Citigroup an additional fee of $10 million upon the closing of the exchange offer, and a fee of $20 million (less any fees previously paid to Citigroup under its engagement letter with NYSE Group) upon the completion of any second-step transaction that results in a minimum of 95% ownership in Euronext by NYSE Euronext or a company formed by NYSE Euronext for the purpose of acquiring Euronext. NYSE Group has also agreed to indemnify Citigroup against specific liabilities and expenses relating to or arising out of its engagement, including liabilities under the federal securities laws. Citigroup and its affiliates in the past have provided services to NYSE Group unrelated to the proposed transactions, for which services Citigroup and its affiliates have received compensation, including, without limitation, acting as financial advisor, and providing a fairness opinion in 2005, to the NYSE in connection with its merger with Archipelago Holdings, Inc., for which Citigroup and its affiliates received $3,500,000, and acting as co-manager with respect to the offering of 28,750,000 shares of NYSE Group common stock by stockholders of NYSE Group in May 2006, for which Citigroup and its affiliates received $1,531,440. In addition:
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Opinions of Euronext's Financial Advisors
Opinion of Morgan Stanley
The Euronext managing and supervisory boards retained Morgan Stanley to provide the Euronext managing and supervisory boards with financial advisory services in connection with the combination. The Euronext managing and supervisory boards selected Morgan Stanley to act as their financial advisor based on Morgan Stanley's qualifications, expertise and reputation and its knowledge of the business and affairs of Euronext. At a joint meeting of the Euronext managing and supervisory boards on November 23, 2006, Morgan Stanley rendered its oral opinion, subsequently confirmed in writing, that as of November 23, 2006, and based upon and subject to the assumptions and limitations set forth in its opinion, the consideration to be received by the Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer was fair from a financial point of view to the Euronext shareholders, as a whole. On June 1, 2006, Morgan Stanley rendered to the Euronext supervisory and managing boards a substantially similar opinion, dated as of June 1, 2006, which was subject to substantially similar assumptions and limitations set forth therein, in connection with Euronext's entry into the combination agreement.
The full text of Morgan Stanley's opinion, dated November 23, 2006, which sets forth, among other things, the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the scope of review undertaken by Morgan Stanley is included as Annex C to this document and has been included in this document with the consent of Morgan Stanley. We urge you to read the included opinion carefully and in its entirety. Morgan Stanley's opinion is directed to the Euronext managing and supervisory boards and addresses only the fairness from a financial point of view of the consideration to be received by the Euronext shareholders pursuant to the combination agreement, and does not address any other aspect of the combination, including the relative merits of the combination compared to other strategic alternatives
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potentially available to Euronext, the relative effects of any potential alternative transaction in which Euronext might have engaged or the Euronext managing and supervisory boards' decisions to proceed with the combination. Morgan Stanley's opinion does not constitute a recommendation to any Euronext shareholder as to whether such shareholders should approve the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby or whether such shareholders should tender their shares in the exchange offer or otherwise act in connection with the combination, or to any NYSE Group stockholders as to whether such stockholders should accept or reject the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby or otherwise act in connection with the combination. The summary of the opinion of Morgan Stanley set forth in this document is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the opinion, which is included as Annex C to this document. We encourage you to read the entire opinion carefully.
In connection with rendering its opinion, Morgan Stanley, among other things:
In arriving at its opinion, Morgan Stanley assumed and relied upon without independent verification the accuracy and completeness of the information reviewed by Morgan Stanley for the purposes of its opinion. With respect to the financial projections, including in relation to strategic, financial and operational benefits expected to be realized from the combination, Morgan Stanley assumed that they were reasonably prepared on bases reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments of the future financial performance of Euronext and of NYSE Group. In addition, Morgan Stanley assumed that the combination would be consummated in accordance with the terms set forth in the combination agreement, and that in connection with the receipt of all necessary anti-trust and regulatory approvals for the combination, no restrictions would be imposed that would have a material adverse effect on the contemplated benefits expected to be derived from the combination. Morgan Stanley did not make any independent valuation or appraisal of the assets or
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liabilities of Euronext or NYSE Group, and Morgan Stanley was not furnished with any such appraisals. Morgan Stanley is not a legal, tax, or regulatory expert, and Morgan Stanley relied upon, without independent verification, the assessments of such experts with respect to such issues. Morgan Stanley's opinion was necessarily based on economic, market and other conditions as in effect on, and the information made available to Morgan Stanley as of November 23, 2006. Events occurring after November 23, 2006, may affect Morgan Stanley's opinion and the assumptions used in preparing it, and Morgan Stanley did not assume any obligation to update, revise or reaffirm its opinion. Morgan Stanley did not consider the impact of Euronext's share repurchase program on the fairness of the transactions to each set of shareholders because it regarded the effect of the repurchase program as immaterial to its analysis.
Morgan Stanley is an internationally recognized investment banking and advisory firm. Morgan Stanley, as part of its investment banking and financial advisory business, is continuously engaged in the valuation of businesses and their securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, negotiated underwritings, competitive biddings, secondary distributions of listed and unlisted securities, private placements and valuations for corporate and other purposes. In the ordinary course of business, Morgan Stanley may from time to time trade in the securities, indebtedness, commodities or currencies or derivatives thereof, of Euronext and NYSE Group for its own account, the accounts of investment funds and other clients under the management of Morgan Stanley and for the accounts of its customers and, accordingly, may at any time hold a long or short position in such instruments for any such account.
In connection with the financial advisory services provided to Euronext relating to the merger, Euronext has agreed to pay Morgan Stanley a fee of up to €25,000,000 (€5,000,000 of which is discretionary), a substantial portion of which is due upon completion of the combination. Euronext has also agreed to reimburse Morgan Stanley for its expenses incurred in performing its services and to indemnify Morgan Stanley and its affiliates, their respective directors, officers, agents and employees and each person, if any, controlling Morgan Stanley or any of its affiliates against certain liabilities and expenses, including certain liabilities under federal securities laws, related to or arising out of Morgan Stanley's engagement and any related transactions. In the past, Morgan Stanley and its affiliates have provided financial advisory and financing services for Euronext and NYSE Group and have received fees in connection with such services. In the past two years, Morgan Stanley has received fees in the amount of approximately €1,450,000 for rendering such services to Euronext and fees in the amount of approximately $2,000,000 for rendering such services to NYSE Group. Additionally, Morgan Stanley and its affiliates route order flow in equity securities to the NYSE and NYSE Arca, and execute trades through Euronext. Morgan Stanley is an NYSE member organization and, accordingly, is subject to the regulatory oversight of the NYSE. The common stock of Morgan Stanley also is listed for trading on the NYSE.
Opinion of ABN AMRO
In connection with the combination, the Euronext managing and supervisory boards retained ABN AMRO to act as their financial advisor and to render an opinion as to whether the standard offer consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer is fair, from a financial point of view, to the Euronext shareholders. The Euronext managing and supervisory boards selected ABN AMRO to act as their financial advisor based on ABN AMRO's qualifications, expertise and reputation and its knowledge of the business and affairs of Euronext. On November 23, 2006, ABN AMRO delivered its written opinion to the Euronext managing and supervisory boards that, as of that date, and based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications and other considerations set forth in the ABN AMRO opinion, the standard offer consideration to be offered to the Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer was fair from a financial point of view to the Euronext shareholders. On June 1, 2006, ABN AMRO rendered to the Euronext supervisory and managing boards a substantially similar opinion, dated as of June 1, 2006, which was subject to substantially similar assumptions, qualifications and other considerations set forth therein, in connection with Euronext's entry into the combination agreement.
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The full text of the ABN AMRO opinion is attached hereto as Annex D and sets forth, among other things, the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the scope of the review undertaken by ABN AMRO in rendering its opinion. ABN AMRO provided its opinion to the Euronext managing and supervisory boards in connection with their evaluation of the combination. ABN AMRO's opinion is directed to the Euronext managing and supervisory boards and addresses only the fairness from a financial point of view of the standard offer consideration to be offered to the Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer, and does not address any other aspect of the combination, including the relative merits of the combination compared to other strategic alternatives potentially available to Euronext, the relative effects of any potential alternative transaction in which Euronext might have engaged or the Euronext managing and supervisory boards' decisions to proceed with the combination. The ABN AMRO opinion does not constitute a recommendation to any Euronext shareholder as to whether such shareholders should approve the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby or whether such shareholders should tender their shares in the exchange offer or otherwise act in connection with the combination, or to any NYSE Group stockholders as to whether such stockholders should accept or reject the combination agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby or tender their shares in the exchange offer or otherwise act in connection with the combination. This summary does not purport to be a complete description of the ABN AMRO opinion or the analyses performed by ABN AMRO in connection with rendering its opinion and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the written opinion of ABN AMRO set forth in Annex D hereto. You are urged to read the opinion carefully and in its entirety.
For the purposes of providing its opinion, ABN AMRO:
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With respect to any financial forecasts (including forecasts regarding the estimated amount and timing of certain revenue, cost and tax synergies projected to result from the combination of Euronext and NYSE Group) that may have been made available, ABN AMRO assumed that such forecasts had been reasonably prepared on bases reflecting the best available estimates and judgments of the management of Euronext and NYSE Group as to the future financial performance of Euronext and/or NYSE Group and/or NYSE Euronext, and that no event subsequent to the date of any such financial forecasts had had a material effect on them. In addition, ABN AMRO extended certain of those forecasts into future periods based on various assumptions. ABN AMRO did not assume or accept liability or responsibility for (and expressed no view as to) any such forecasts or the assumptions on which they are based. ABN AMRO assumed and relied upon, without independent verification, the truth, accuracy and completeness of the information, forecasts (that may have been made available), data and financial terms provided to ABN AMRO or used by ABN AMRO, assumed that the same were not misleading and did not assume or accept any liability or responsibility for any independent verification of such information or any independent valuation or appraisal of any of the assets, operations or liabilities of Euronext or NYSE Group, nor was ABN AMRO provided with any such valuation or appraisal. In preparing its opinion, ABN AMRO received specific confirmation from senior management of Euronext that the assumptions specified above were reasonable and no information had been withheld from ABN AMRO that could have influenced the purport of its opinion or the assumptions on which it was based. ABN AMRO did not seek or obtain such confirmation from NYSE Group.
Further, ABN AMRO's opinion was necessarily based on financial, economic, monetary, exchange rate, market and other conditions, as in effect on, and the information made available to ABN AMRO or used by it up to, the date of the ABN AMRO opinion. The ABN AMRO opinion focused exclusively on whether the standard offer consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer was fair from a financial point of view to the Euronext shareholders and did not address any other issues, such as the underlying business decision to agree to a business combination between Euronext and NYSE Group or the commercial merits of the foregoing, which are matters solely for the supervisory board and the managing board of Euronext. In addition, the ABN AMRO opinion did not in any manner address the prices or volumes at which the Euronext shares, the NYSE Euronext shares, the NYSE Group shares or the shares of any other entities involved in the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement, may trade prior to or following consummation of the exchange offer or the combination. Subsequent developments in the aforementioned and other conditions may affect the conclusions expressed in the ABN AMRO opinion and the assumptions made in preparing the ABN AMRO opinion and ABN AMRO is not obliged to update, revise or reaffirm the ABN AMRO opinion if such conditions change. ABN AMRO did not consider the impact of Euronext's share repurchase program on the fairness of the transactions to each set of shareholders because it regarded the effect of the repurchase program as immaterial to its analysis.
In rendering its opinion, ABN AMRO did not provide legal, regulatory, tax, accounting or actuarial advice and accordingly ABN AMRO did not, and does not, assume any responsibility or liability in respect thereof. Furthermore, ABN AMRO assumed that the exchange offer and the other transactions contemplated by the combination agreement would be consummated on the terms and conditions as set out in the draft of the combination agreement it reviewed, without any changes to or waiver of their terms or conditions, in compliance with law and without the exercise of any appraisal rights, and that all requisite
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consents and approvals would be obtained. ABN AMRO also assumed that debt financing for the cash portion of the consideration to be offered in the exchange offer is available and ABN AMRO expressed no opinion on the price, terms or form of such financing.
ABN AMRO was selected by the Euronext managing and supervisory boards as their financial advisor, and to render an opinion to the Euronext managing and supervisory boards, because ABN AMRO is an internationally recognized investment banking firm and because, as part of its investment banking business, ABN AMRO is continually engaged in the valuation of businesses and their securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, negotiated underwritings, secondary distributions of listed and unlisted securities, private placements and valuations for corporate and other purposes. ABN AMRO is acting as financial advisor to Euronext in connection with the combination and the transactions contemplated by the combination agreement and will receive fees for its services, a significant portion of which fees are contingent upon consummation of the combination. From time to time, ABN AMRO and its affiliates may have also (i) maintained banking and financial advisory relationships with Euronext or NYSE Group for which ABN AMRO has received approximately €7,350,000 in fees from such relationships with Euronext and no fees from such relationship with NYSE Group, in each case, during the past two years, and (ii) executed transactions, for their own account or for the accounts of customers, in the Euronext shares or the NYSE Group shares or debt securities of Euronext or NYSE Group and, accordingly, may at any time hold a long or short position in such securities. ABN AMRO is a holder of Euronext shares and NYSE Group shares, and provides financing facilities to Euronext. ABN AMRO may in the future provide certain banking, financial advisory or financing services to, and execute transactions for its own account or for the accounts of our customers in the securities of, Euronext, the NYSE Group or NYSE Euronext. In addition, ABN AMRO's ordinary shares are traded on Euronext Amsterdam and ABN AMRO's American Depositary Shares are listed on the NYSE. ABN AMRO Incorporated, an affiliate of ABN AMRO, is an NYSE member organization and is subject to the regulatory oversight of the NYSE.
Pursuant to a letter agreement, Euronext has agreed to pay ABN AMRO a fee of approximately €14,300,000 (of which €2,500,000 is discretionary) for its financial advisory services provided in connection with the combination, a substantial portion of which is due upon consummation of the combination. Regardless of whether a transaction is proposed or completed, Euronext has agreed to reimburse ABN AMRO, immediately upon ABN AMRO's request, for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, including reasonable fees and disbursements of ABN AMRO's counsel, and has agreed to indemnify ABN AMRO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the federal securities laws. The terms of the fee arrangement with ABN AMRO, which are customary in transactions of this nature, were negotiated at arm's length between Euronext and ABN AMRO, and the Euronext managing board and supervisory board were aware of such arrangement, including the fact that a significant portion of the aggregate fee payable to ABN AMRO is contingent upon consummation of the transaction.
Summary of Financial Analyses of Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO
In preparing their respective opinions to the Euronext managing and supervisory boards, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO performed a variety of financial and comparative analyses, including those described below. The summary of the analyses described below is not a complete description of the analyses underlying their opinions. The preparation of a fairness opinion is a complex process and is not necessarily susceptible to a partial analysis or summary description. In arriving at their respective opinions, each of Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO made qualitative judgments as to the significance and relevance of each analysis and factor that they considered and each of Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO considered the results of all of their analyses as a whole and did not attribute any particular weight to any analysis or factor considered. Accordingly, each of Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO believe that the summary provided and the analyses described below must be considered as a whole and that selecting any portion of these analyses, without considering all of them as a whole, would create an incomplete view of the process underlying its analyses and opinion. In addition, each of Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO may have given various analyses and factors more or less weight than other analyses and factors and may have deemed
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various assumptions more or less probable than other assumptions, so that the range of valuations resulting from any particular analysis or combination of analyses described below should therefore not be taken to be either Morgan Stanley's or ABN AMRO's view of the actual value of Euronext and NYSE Group.
In their analyses, each of Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO made numerous assumptions with respect to industry performance, general business and economic conditions and other matters. Many of these assumptions are beyond the control of Euronext and NYSE Group. Any estimates contained in Morgan Stanley's and ABN AMRO's analyses are not necessarily indicative of future results or actual values, which may be significantly more or less favorable than those suggested by these estimates. The analyses described below were prepared solely as a part of Morgan Stanley's analysis of the fairness from a financial point of view of the consideration to be received by the Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer and in connection with the delivery by Morgan Stanley of its opinion dated November 23, 2006 to the Euronext managing and supervisory boards, and ABN AMRO's analysis of the fairness from a financial point of view of the standard offer consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer and in connection with the delivery by ABN AMRO of its opinion dated November 23, 2006 to the Euronext managing and supervisory boards. Morgan Stanley's and ABN AMRO's analyses do not purport to be appraisals or to reflect the prices at which Euronext shares, shares of NYSE Group common stock or shares of NYSE Euronext common stock might actually trade. The consideration to be received by Euronext shareholders in the combination was determined through arm's-length negotiations between Euronext and NYSE Group and the Euronext managing and supervisory boards authorized Euronext's entry into the combination agreement. Neither Morgan Stanley nor ABN AMRO recommended any consideration to Euronext or that any given exchange offer consideration constituted the only appropriate consideration for the combination.
In addition, Morgan Stanley's and ABN AMRO's respective opinions and their joint presentation to the Euronext managing and supervisory boards was one of many factors taken into consideration by Euronext's managing and supervisory boards in deciding to approve the combination. Consequently, the analyses as described below should not be viewed as determinative of the decision of the Euronext managing and supervisory boards with respect to the combination or of whether the Euronext managing and supervisory boards would have been willing to agree to a different transaction.
The following is a summary of the material financial analyses of Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO which were reviewed with the Euronext managing and supervisory boards on November 23, 2006. These summaries of financial analyses include information presented in tabular format. To fully understand Morgan Stanley's and ABN AMRO's financial analyses, the tables must be read together with the text of each summary. The tables alone do not constitute a complete description of the financial analyses.
52-week Common Stock Trading Range for Euronext and NYSE Group
Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO analyzed the historical closing prices and trading volumes for Euronext shares for the period from November 21, 2005 to November 22, 2006. During that time, the lowest closing price for Euronext shares was €37.50 per share and the highest closing price was €95.85 per share. Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO noted that Euronext shares closed at a price of €95.85 per share on November 22, 2006. Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO also noted that the implied purchase price of Euronext shares, based on the closing prices of NYSE Group common stock and Euronext shares on November 22, 2006 and the proposed exchange offer consideration, was 103.88 per share and was near Euronext's closing price as of November 22, 2006.
Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO also analyzed the historical closing prices and trading volumes for NYSE Group common stock for the period from March 8, 2006 to November 22, 2006. During that time, the lowest closing price for NYSE Group common stock was $49.98 per share and the highest closing price was $108.96.
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Analyst Price Targets
Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO reviewed and analyzed future public market trading price targets for Euronext shares and NYSE Group common stock prepared and published by equity research analysts, for the period since September 30, 2006. For these reports, the analyst price targets yielded an average standalone valuation of Euronext shares of €72.33 and an average standalone valuation of NYSE Group common stock of $78.60.
The public market trading price targets published by securities research analysts do not necessarily reflect current market trading prices for Euronext shares and NYSE Group common stock and these estimates are subject to uncertainties, including the future financial performances of Euronext and NYSE Group and future financial market conditions.
Comparable Companies Analysis
While noting that no comparable public company is exactly identical to Euronext or NYSE Group, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO compared selected financial information for Euronext and NYSE Group with publicly available consensus earnings estimates for comparable companies. These companies were selected based on their product offerings, business profiles and operating processes. Each of these companies operates in the financial exchange industry and demonstrates operating and business characteristics similar to those of Euronext and NYSE Group. Based upon publicly available estimates of certain securities research analysts and using the closing prices as of November 22, 2006, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO calculated, for each of these companies, the stock trading price divided by the EPS estimates for calendar years 2006 and 2007 (the "price/earnings" multiple).
Using a 2006 price/earnings multiple range between 20.0x and 24.0x implied a Euronext share price between €52.52 and €63.02 per share.
Using a 2007 price/earnings multiple range between 18.0x and 22.0x implied a Euronext share price between €62.43 and €76.31 per share. The closing price of Euronext shares was €95.85 per share on November 22, 2006.
Using a 2007 price/earnings multiple range between 25.0x and 30.0x implied a NYSE Group common stock price between $55.49 and $66.59 per share. The closing price of NYSE Group common stock was $108.96 per share on November 22, 2006.
No company included in the comparable company analysis is identical to Euronext or NYSE Group. In evaluating the comparable companies, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO made judgments and assumptions with regard to industry performance, general business, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters. Many of these matters are beyond the control of Euronext or NYSE Group, such as the impact of competition on the business of Euronext or NYSE Group and the industry in general, industry growth and the absence of any material adverse change in the financial condition and prospects of Euronext or NYSE Group or the industry or in the financial markets in general. Mathematical analysis, such as determining the average or median, is not necessarily in itself a meaningful method of using comparable company data.
Comparable Transactions Analysis
Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO also analyzed the ratio of equity value, defined as market capitalization, to estimated next twelve month net income, of 16 selected transactions in the exchange sector since 1997 and the implied value per Euronext share based on a range of multiples.
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The following table summarizes Morgan Stanley's and ABN AMRO's analysis:
|
Precedent Transaction Financial Statistics
|
Euronext
Financial Statistic |
Comparable
Transactions Multiple Statistic |
Implied Value
Per Share Range for Euronext |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Equity Value to Estimated Next Twelve
Months Net Income |
€396MM | 25.0-30.0x | €86.71-104.05 |
No company or transaction utilized in the precedent transaction analyses is identical to Euronext or the combination. In evaluating the precedent transactions, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO made judgments and assumptions with regard to general business, market and financial conditions and other matters, which are beyond the control of Euronext and NYSE Group, such as the impact of competition on the business of Euronext, NYSE Group or the industry generally, industry growth and the absence of any adverse material change in the financial condition of Euronext, NYSE Group, or the industry or in the financial markets in general, which could affect the public trading value of the companies and the aggregate value of the transactions to which they are being compared.
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO performed a discounted cash flow analysis for each of Euronext and NYSE Group. The financial information used to complete this analysis was based on financial projections provided to Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO by the management of Euronext and NYSE Group, respectively. In each case, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO calculated the present value of the unlevered free cash flows for the period beginning November 23, 2006 and ending on December 31, 2009. Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO added to this amount the present value of a "terminal value," an amount calculated by dividing the company's projected free cash flow for 2010 by the weighted average cost of capital ("WACC") minus a perpetual growth rate. Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO calculated terminal values for Euronext by utilizing a WACC of 7.4% and a perpetual growth rate ranges of 2.5% to 3.5% and calculated terminal values for NYSE Group by utilizing a WACC of 8.2% and perpetual growth rate ranges of 2.5% to 3.5%. For purposes of this analysis Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO believed the discount rates provided a reasonable estimate of each of Euronext's and NYSE Group's cost of capital. For purposes of this analysis, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO used a 29.1% statutory tax rate for Euronext and 43.0% for NYSE Group. The following table summarizes the results of this analysis:
|
|
Perpetual Growth
Rate Ranges |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discounted Cash Flow AnalysisPrice Per Share | 2.5 | % | 3.5 | % | |
|
Euronext Range: 7.4% WACC |
|
€85.23 |
|
€99.03 |
|
|
|
Perpetual Growth
Rate Ranges |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discounted Cash Flow AnalysisPrice Per Share | 2.5 | % | 3.5 | % | |||
|
NYSE Group Range: 8.2% WACC |
|
$ |
83.29 |
|
$ |
95.17 |
|
Value Accretion Analysis
Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO reviewed the pro forma impact of the combination on value to Euronext shareholders and NYSE Group stockholders as of November 22, 2006. In calculating the value accretion to Euronext shareholders and NYSE Group stockholders, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO assumed an election by Euronext shareholders to receive 100% of the cash consideration available, resulting in assumed ownership of the combined company by Euronext shareholders and NYSE Group stockholders of 41.4% and 58.6%, respectively. By comparing the anticipated value of these respective ownership stakes in the combined company to the individual stand-alone market capitalization of Euronext
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and NYSE Group as of November 22, 2006, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO calculated value accretion to Euronext shareholders of 13.4% (after adding back the value of the cash component of the offer consideration received by Euronext shareholders to the value of their assumed stake in the combined company) and value accretion to NYSE Group shareholders of 5.8%.
The anticipated market capitalization of the combined company was calculated as of November 22, 2006, as follows:
Assessed Ranges
Based on the above financial analyses, Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO selected a representative range of values per Euronext share and per NYSE Group share. These assessed ranges were between €70.00 and €85.00 per Euronext share and between $75.00 and $95.00 per NYSE Group share.
Report of Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin (Europe) Limited
Houlihan Lokey was engaged by Euronext to provide a report, including an opinion to the supervisory board of Euronext regarding the fairness from a financial point of view of the standard consideration to be offered in the exchange offer to Euronext's shareholders taken as a whole.
On November 23, 2006, Houlihan Lokey rendered its oral opinion to the supervisory board of Euronext which Houlihan Lokey subsequently confirmed in writing by delivery of its written report, dated November 23, 2006, that, as of that date and based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its written report, the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext's shareholders taken as a whole, was fair to such shareholders from a financial point of view.
The full text of Houlihan Lokey's written report, dated November 23, 2006, to the supervisory board of Euronext, which sets forth the procedures followed, assumptions made, qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken and other matters considered by Houlihan Lokey in preparing its report is included as Exhibit 99.7 to the registration statement of which this document forms a part.
Houlihan Lokey directed its report to, and provided its report for the use and benefit of, the supervisory board of Euronext in connection with its evaluation of the exchange offer. The report addresses only the fairness from a financial point of view of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext's shareholders taken as a whole and does not address any aspect of the proposed combination other than the exchange offer. Houlihan Lokey's report also does not address the merits of the exchange offer or the proposed combination as compared to other business strategies or transactions that might be available to Euronext or any underlying business decision of Euronext in connection with the combination, exchange offer or any other matter. This summary of Houlihan Lokey's report in this document is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of its written report a copy of which may be obtained from the SEC's website at the following address: www.sec.gov. Euronext encourages Euronext shareholders to read carefully the full text of Houlihan Lokey's written report. However, Houlihan Lokey's written report and this summary are not intended to be, and do not constitute advice or a recommendation to any shareholder as to how such shareholder should act or vote or tender their shares with respect to the exchange offer.
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Procedures Followed
In connection with its report, Houlihan Lokey made such reviews and inquiries and performed such analyses as it deemed necessary and appropriate under the circumstances. Among other things, Houlihan Lokey:
Material Assumptions Made and Qualifications and Limitations on the Review Undertaken
Houlihan Lokey has relied upon and assumed, without independent verification, the accuracy and completeness of all documents, data, material and other information furnished, or otherwise made available, to it, discussed with or reviewed by it, or publicly available, and does not assume any responsibility with respect to such documents, data, material and other information.
The management of each of Euronext and NYSE Group advised Houlihan Lokey, and Houlihan Lokey has assumed, that the financial forecasts have been reasonably prepared on bases reflecting the best currently available estimates and each of the management's judgment as to the future financial results and condition of Euronext and NYSE Group, and Houlihan Lokey expresses no opinion with respect to such financial forecasts or the assumptions on which they are based. With respect to publicly available financial forecasts and projections for Euronext and NYSE Group, Houlihan Lokey has reviewed and discussed such forecasts with the management of each of Euronext and NYSE Group and has assumed, with the consent of Euronext, that such forecasts and projections represent reasonable estimates and judgments of the future financial results and condition of Euronext and NYSE Group, and Houlihan Lokey expresses no opinion with respect to such forecasts and projections or the assumptions on which they are based.
Houlihan Lokey has relied upon and assumed, without independent verification, that there has been no material change in the assets, liabilities, financial condition, results or operations, business or prospects of Euronext and NYSE Group since the date of the most recent financial statements provided to it, and that there are no information or facts that would make any of the information reviewed by it incomplete or misleading.
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Houlihan Lokey has relied upon and assumed, without independent verification, that (i) the representations and warranties of all parties to the combination agreement and all other related documents and instruments that are referred to therein are true and correct, (ii) each party to all such agreements will fully and timely perform all of the covenants and agreements required to be performed by such party, (iii) all conditions to the consummation of the exchange offer and the proposed combination will be satisfied without waiver thereof, and (iv) the exchange offer and the proposed combination will be consummated in a timely manner in accordance with the terms described in the agreements provided to Houlihan Lokey, without any amendments or modifications thereto or any adjustment to the standard consideration to be offered to the shareholders of Euronext.
Houlihan Lokey has also relied upon and assumed, without independent verification, that (i) the exchange offer and the proposed combination will be consummated in a manner that complies in all respects with all applicable laws and regulations, and (ii) all governmental, regulatory, and other consents and approvals necessary for the consummation of the exchange offer and the proposed combination will be obtained and that no delay, limitations, restrictions or conditions will be imposed that would result in the disposition of any material portion of the assets of Euronext, NYSE Group or any other party, or otherwise have an adverse effect on Euronext, NYSE Group or any other party or any expected synergies resulting from the proposed combination.
In addition, Houlihan Lokey has relied upon and assumed, without independent verification, that the final forms of draft documents provided to it will not differ in any material respect from such draft documents.
Furthermore, no opinion is intended by Houlihan Lokey in matters that require legal, regulatory, accounting, insurance, tax or other similar professional advice. Houlihan Lokey has assumed, with the consent of Euronext, that such professional advice has been or will be obtained from the appropriate professional sources. Furthermore, Houlihan Lokey has relied on advice of the outside counsels and the statutory auditors to Euronext and NYSE Group, and on the assumptions of the management of Euronext and NYSE Group, as to all legal, regulatory, accounting and tax matters with respect to Euronext, NYSE Group and the proposed combination.
The report of Houlihan Lokey does not in any manner address the prices or volumes at which the Euronext Shares, the NYSE Euronext shares or the shares of NYSE Group may trade following consummation of the exchange offer or the proposed combination.
Houlihan Lokey has not been requested and did not make any physical inspection or independent appraisal of the properties, assets or liabilities of Euronext, NYSE Group or any other party. Houlihan Lokey has not made or been provided with an independent appraisal of any of the assets, properties or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of Euronext, NYSE Group or any other party. Houlihan Lokey has undertaken no independent analysis of any potential or actual litigation, regulatory action, possible unasserted claims or other contingent liabilities, to which Euronext, NYSE Group or any other party is or may be subject or of any governmental investigation of any possible unasserted claims or other contingent liabilities to which either Euronext or NYSE Group is or may be a party or is or may be subject.
Houlihan Lokey has not been requested to, and did not (i) negotiate the terms of the combination agreement, (ii) initiate any discussions with or solicit any indications of interests from third parties with respect to the proposed combination or alternatives to the proposed combination, or (iii) advise the supervisory board or management board of Euronext or any other party with respect to alternatives to the proposed combination. Houlihan Lokey has not considered, nor is Houlihan Lokey expressing any opinion with respect to, the prices at which the shares of Euronext, NYSE Group or NYSE Euronext may trade subsequent to the disclosure or consummation of the proposed combination.
Houlihan Lokey has not been requested to opine as to, and the report of Houlihan Lokey does not address: (i) the underlying business decision of Euronext, its shareholders or any other party to proceed with or effect the proposed combination or the exchange offer, (ii) the fairness of any portion or aspect of
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the exchange offer not expressly addressed in Houlihan Lokey's report, (iii) the fairness of any portion or aspect of the exchange offer to the holders of any class of securities, creditors or other constituencies of Euronext, or any other party other than those set forth in Houlihan Lokey's report, (iv) the relative merits of the proposed combination or the exchange offer as compared to any alternative business strategies that might exist for Euronext or any other person or the effect of any other transaction in which Euronext or any other person might engage, (v) the tax or legal consequences of the exchange offer or the proposed combination to either Euronext, its shareholders, or any other person, (vi) whether any of its shareholders should vote in favor of or accept the terms of the exchange offer or the proposed combination, (vii) the solvency or fair value of Euronext or any other participant in the proposed combination under any applicable laws relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or similar matters, (viii) the fairness of any portion or aspect of the exchange offer or the proposed combination to any one class or group of the holders of equity or debt securities issued by Euronext or any person vis-à-vis any other such class or group, (ix) the decision of any Euronext shareholder to make either a cash election to receive all cash for their Euronext shares, or a stock election to receive all stock for their Euronext shares or (x) any transaction other than the exchange offer contemplated by Article I of the combination agreement.
Summary of Analyses
In preparing its opinion to the supervisory board of Euronext, Houlihan Lokey performed a variety of analyses, including those described below. The preparation of a fairness opinion is a complex process involving various quantitative and qualitative judgments and determinations with respect to the financial, comparative and other analytic methods employed and the adaptation and application of these methods to the unique facts and circumstances presented. As a consequence, neither a fairness opinion nor its underlying analyses is readily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. Houlihan Lokey arrived at its opinion based on the results of all analyses undertaken by it and assessed as a whole and did not draw, in isolation, conclusions from or with regard to any individual analysis, analytic method or factor. Houlihan Lokey made its determination as to fairness on the basis of its experience and professional judgment after considering the results of all of its analyses. Accordingly, Houlihan Lokey believes that its analyses must be considered as a whole and that selecting portions of its analyses, analytic methods and factors or focusing on information presented in tabular format, without considering all analyses and factors or the narrative description of the analyses as a whole, would create a misleading or incomplete view of the processes underlying its analyses and opinion.
No limitations or restrictions were imposed by Euronext on the scope of Houlihan Lokey's investigation or the procedures to be followed by Houlihan Lokey in rendering its opinion. In performing its analyses, Houlihan Lokey considered general business, economic, industry and market conditions, financial and otherwise, and other matters as they existed on, and could be evaluated as of November 20, 2006. Subsequent developments in those conditions could require a reevaluation of such analyses. However, except for a bring-down letter to be included in the response prospectus ( note en réponse ) to be filed by Euronext with the AMF, Houlihan Lokey does not have an obligation to update, revise or reaffirm its opinion based on such developments, or otherwise. No company or business used in Houlihan Lokey's analyses for comparative purposes is identical to Euronext or NYSE Group and no transaction used in Houlihan Lokey's analyses for comparative purposes is identical to the exchange offer or proposed combination. The estimates contained in Houlihan Lokey's analyses and the reference value ranges indicated by any particular analysis are illustrative and not necessarily indicative of actual values or predictive of future results or values, which may be significantly more or less favorable than those suggested by the analyses. In addition, any analyses relating to the value of businesses or securities do not purport to be appraisals or to reflect the prices at which businesses or securities actually may be sold, which may depend on a variety of factors, many of which are beyond the control of Euronext, NYSE Group or Houlihan Lokey. Much of the information used in, and accordingly the results of, Houlihan Lokey's analyses are inherently subject to substantial uncertainty and, therefore, none of Euronext, NYSE Group, Houlihan Lokey or any other person assumes any responsibility if future results are different from those estimated.
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Houlihan Lokey's opinion was provided to the supervisory board of Euronext in connection with its consideration of the exchange offer and was only one of many factors considered by the supervisory board of Euronext in evaluating the exchange offer. Neither Houlihan Lokey's opinion nor its analyses were determinative of the consideration to be offered to the shareholders of Euronext in the exchange offer or of the views of the supervisory board or management of Euronext with respect to the exchange offer.
The exchange ratio in the exchange offer was determined through arm's-length negotiations between Euronext and NYSE Group. Houlihan Lokey did not recommend any specific exchange ratio to the supervisory board of Euronext or advise the supervisory board of Euronext that any specific offer consideration constituted the only appropriate consideration for the exchange offer.
The following is a brief summary of the material analyses underlying Houlihan Lokey's opinion rendered on November 23, 2006. The order of the analyses does not represent relative importance or weight given to those analyses by Houlihan Lokey. The fact that any specific analysis has been referred to in the summary below is not meant to indicate that such analysis was given greater weight than any other analysis. The analyses summarized below include information presented in tabular format. The tables alone do not constitute a complete description of the analyses. Considering the data in the tables below without considering the full narrative description of the analyses, as well as the underlying methodologies and the assumptions, qualifications and limitations affecting each analysis, would create a misleading or incomplete view of Houlihan Lokey's analyses.
In its calculation of the range of values per share for each of Euronext and NYSE Group as of November 20, 2006, based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey has employed a multi-criteria approach incorporating the following valuation methods:
In addition, Houlihan Lokey has considered, as references, the publicly-traded share prices and analysts' price targets for each of Euronext and NYSE Group.
For purposes of its analysis of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer, Houlihan Lokey has calculated range of values per share of NYSE Euronext (the combined company) on a per share basis. The range of values per share of NYSE Euronext was calculated on the assumption that it is the product of (a) the sum of the aggregate equity of Euronext, the aggregate equity of NYSE Group and the net present value of each of the proposed net synergies and tax benefits arising from the proposed combination less the aggregate value of the cash portion of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders divided by (b) the pro forma shares outstanding of NYSE Euronext. In addition, Houlihan Lokey assessed the value of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders implied by the publicly-traded share prices of each of NYSE Group and Euronext. Furthermore, in its analysis of the proposed net synergies and the amortization tax benefit of NYSE Euronext, Houlihan Lokey relied upon joint estimates of Euronext and NYSE Group.
For the avoidance of doubt, one of the factors in determining whether the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders was deemed to be fair from a financial point of view to the shareholders of Euronext taken as a whole, was whether the fair market value of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders fell within the range of values per share of Euronext on a standalone basis.
Discounted cash flow analysis. In performing its discounted cash flow analysis for each of Euronext and NYSE Group, subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey relied on (i) Euronext's business plan validated by senior managers in the financial
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department of Euronext for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2006 through 2009, and (ii) NYSE's management business plan for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2006 through 2009 (which has been approved by the board of directors of NYSE Group only for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2006 through 2008) and NYSE Group management's forecast budget for the balance of the year through December 31, 2006, which contemplate each of Euronext and NYSE Group operating on a standalone basis, thereby not taking into account the effects of the proposed combination.
Selected companies analysis. As a complement to the discounted cash flow analysis, Houlihan Lokey analyzed the trading multiples of various publicly-traded securities exchange companies subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report. Houlihan Lokey considered thirteen publicly-traded comparable companies (excluding NYSE Group and Euronext) representing North American, European, and Asian exchange companies offering various products combination, including cash equity, derivative, and other instruments ( e.g. , fixed income) as well as clearing functions and related services.
Subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in Houlihan Lokey's report, the companies were compared to Euronext and NYSE Group for purposes of the selected companies analysis because they are publicly traded companies with operations that for the purposes of analysis may be considered similar to certain operations of Euronext and NYSE Group. However, no company utilized in this analysis is identical to Euronext or NYSE Group because of differences between the business mix, regulatory environment, operations and other characteristics of Euronext and NYSE Group and the comparable companies. Subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in Houlihan Lokey's report, Houlihan Lokey made judgments and assumptions with regard to industry performance, general business, economic, regulatory, market and financial conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond the control of Euronext and NYSE Group, such as the impact of competition on the business of Euronext and NYSE Group and on the industry generally, industry growth and the absence of any adverse material change in the financial condition and prospects of Euronext and NYSE Group or the industry or in the markets generally. Houlihan Lokey believes that mathematical analyses (such as determining average and median) are not by themselves meaningful methods of using comparable company data and must be considered together with qualities, judgments and informed assumptions to arrive at sound conclusions.
On the basis of an analytical matrix that summarizes industry and financial information and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey made judgments and assumptions with regard to industry performance, general business, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters in order to (i) position the companies in the industry and (ii) determine appropriate multiples for each of Euronext and NYSE Group. In evaluating the multiples to apply to each of Euronext and NYSE Group, based upon and subject to all assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey took into consideration, among others, each of Euronext's and NYSE Group's level of revenues, historical and expected future revenue and earnings growth rates, historical and expected future profitability, as well as industry specific metrics such as products offered, trading volumes, and market share.
Selected transactions analysis. No company or transaction utilized in the selected transactions analyses is identical to Euronext, NYSE Group, the exchange offer or the proposed combination. In evaluating the selected transactions, Houlihan Lokey made judgments and assumptions with regard to general business, market and financial conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond the control of Euronext or NYSE Group, such as the impact of competition on the business of Euronext or NYSE Group and on the industry generally, industry growth and the absence of any adverse material change in the financial condition and prospects of Euronext, NYSE Group or the industry or in the markets generally, which could affect the public trading value of Euronext and NYSE Group and the aggregate value of the transactions to which they were compared.
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Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey took into consideration each of Euronext's and NYSE Group's business mix, relative performance and growth expectations in its selection of appropriate range of multiples to apply to each of Euronext's and NYSE Group's EBITDA and EBIT levels.
Value Ranges for Euronext shares
Discounted cash flow analysis. After calculating an enterprise value of operations of €6.4 to €7.8 billion, non-operating assets were added to calculate a total enterprise value. Then, based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey added net cash of €27.3 million and subtracted minority interest of €32.1 million (as of September 30, 2006), to derive an aggregate value of equity for Euronext of €7.4 to €8.8 billion.
Selected companies analysis. After calculating an enterprise value of operations of €6.6 to €7.7 billion, non-operating assets were added to calculate a total enterprise value. Then, based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey added net cash of €27.3 million and subtracted minority interest of €32.1 million (as of September 30, 2006), to derive an aggregate value of equity for Euronext of €7.6 to €8.7 billion.
Selected transactions analysis. After calculating an enterprise value of operations of €8.5 to €9.3 billion, non-operating assets were added to calculate a total enterprise value. Then, based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey added net cash of €27.3 million and subtracted minority interest of €32.1 million (as of September 30, 2006), to derive an aggregate value of equity for Euronext of €9.5 to €10.3 billion.
Summary of Conclusions
|
|
Range of Values
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Euronext
|
||||||||
|
Enterprise Value
1
|
Per Share Value
|
|||||||
|
(Figures in millions, except per share amounts)
|
||||||||
| Discounted cash flows analysis | €7,406 | €8,756 | €65.76 | €77.75 | ||||
| Selected companies analysis | €7,576 | €8,676 | €67.27 | €77.04 | ||||
| Selected transactions analysis | €9,476 | €10,276 | €84.15 | €91.26 | ||||
| Share price reference 2 | €9,793 | €86.97 | ||||||
Based upon and subject to all assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey observed that the discounted cash flow analysis may be less influenced by factors such as (i) the recent share price appreciation in the industry due to expected consolidation trends, (ii) the different stage of development of electronic trading platforms for Euronext and selected publicly-traded comparable companies, (iii) the difference among industry participants in information technology management ( i.e. in-house or outsourced) and (iv) the differences in product mix of Euronext and the selected publicly-traded companies, than the selected transactions analysis and the selected companies analysis.
Accordingly, based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey relied on the discounted cash flow analysis as its primary method of determining a range of values per share of Euronext.
Value ranges for NYSE Group Shares
Discounted cash flow analysis. After calculating an enterprise value of operations, non-operating assets were added to calculate the total enterprise value. After calculating an enterprise value from
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operations of $10.9 to $12.5 billion, Houlihan Lokey added cash of $777.7 million and subtracted minority interest of $38.1 million, to derive based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in Houlihan Lokey's report, an aggregate value of equity of $11.6 to $13.3 billion.
Based on an assumption of 159.2 million common shares of NYSE Group outstanding, on a fully diluted basis, and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in Houlihan Lokey's report, Houlihan Lokey's discounted cash flow analysis indicated an implied value of $72.89 to $83.28 per share of common stock of NYSE Group.
Selected companies analysis. After calculating an enterprise value of operations, non-operating assets were added to calculate the total enterprise value. After calculating an enterprise value from operations of $11.1 to $12.7 billion, Houlihan Lokey added cash of $777.7 million and subtracted minority interest of $38.1 million, to derive based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in Houlihan Lokey's report, an aggregate value of equity of $11.8 to $13.4 billion.
Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in Houlihan Lokey's report, the selected companies analysis of Houlihan Lokey indicated an implied range of values per share of NYSE Group common stock of $74.36 to $84.41.
Selected transactions analysis. After calculating an enterprise value of operations, non-operating assets were added to calculate a total enterprise value. After calculating an enterprise value from operations of $11.8 to $13.9 billion, Houlihan Lokey added cash of $777.7 million and subtracted minority interest of $38.1 million, to derive based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in Houlihan Lokey's report, an aggregate value of equity of $12.5 to $14.6 billion.
Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in Houlihan Lokey's report, the selected transactions analysis of Houlihan Lokey indicated an implied range of values per share of NYSE Group common stock of $78.76 to $91.95.
Summary of conclusions
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Indicated Value Ranges
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| Discounted cash flows analysis | $ | 10,865 | $ | 12,520 | $ | 72.89 | $ | 83.28 | ||||
| Selected companies analysis | $ | 11,100 | $ | 12,700 | $ | 74.36 | $ | 84.41 | ||||
| Selected transactions analysis | $ | 11,800 | $ | 13,900 | $ | 78.76 | $ | 91.95 | ||||
| Share price reference 3 | $14,158 | $93.57 | ||||||||||
Similarly to Houlihan Lokey's analysis of Euronext range of values per share, Houlihan Lokey observed that, subject to all assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, the discounted cash flow analysis may be less influenced by factors such as (i) the recent share price appreciation in the industry due to expected consolidation trends, (ii) the different stage of development of electronic trading platforms for NYSE Group and selected publicly-traded comparable companies, (iii) the difference among industry participants in information technology management ( i.e. in-house or outsourced) and (iv) the differences in product mix of NYSE Group and the selected publicly-traded companies, than the selected transactions analysis and the selected companies analysis.
Accordingly, subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey has relied on the discounted cash flow analysis as its primary method of determining a range of values per share of NYSE Group.
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Range of values for NYSE Euronext shares
Analysis of synergies. In its analysis of synergies, Houlihan Lokey relied upon the synergies as prepared jointly by Euronext and NYSE Group. Upon the advice of the management of Euronext and NYSE Group, Houlihan Lokey has assumed that the synergies have been reasonably prepared on bases reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments of the management of Euronext and NYSE Group and that the synergies will be realized in the amounts and the time periods indicated thereby. In its analysis Houlihan Lokey is not addressing the validity of these synergies or the restructuring costs incurred and, although Houlihan Lokey has discussed these synergies and cost estimates with management, Houlihan Lokey is relying upon them without independent verification.
Based upon the above assumptions and comparisons and subject to all other assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey's analysis indicated an implied value of the synergies of approximately €1.7 billion (€1.5 billion in the downside case), as compared to Euronext/NYSE Group-prepared valuation of the synergies of €3.4 billion, 4 and an equity analyst's range value of the synergies of €1.0 billion to €1.8 billion. Based upon and subject to all assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey observed that Euronext/NYSE Group relied upon a capitalization approach utilizing a P/E multiple of 25.0x, in contrast to its analysis which is derived from a discounted cash flow analysis. Based upon and subject to all assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey further observed that the majority of the analysts have valued the synergies utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis.
Analysis of Amortization Tax Benefits. Based upon and subject to all assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey calculated the net present value of the future tax benefits arising from the amortization of the intangible assets as identified by the management of NYSE Group and Euronext, using an average discount rate of 9.1%, based on NYSE Group discount rate of 9.4% and Euronext discount rate of 8.7%, and for each identified intangible asset, the midpoint of the range of useful life as estimated by management 5 .
Range of Values per share of NYSE Euronext. Based upon (i) its calculation of the values per share of Euronext and NYSE Group on standalone bases, (ii) the net present value of the expected synergies plus the amortization tax benefit, as determined by the management of both NYSE Group and Euronext and (iii) a total of 269.5 million 6 NYSE Euronext shares outstanding, and (iv) all other assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey's analysis indicated an implied range of values per share of NYSE Euronext of €58.56 to €69.06.
Fairness Considerations
Valuation conclusions. Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey observed that its calculation of an implied range of values per share of Euronext of €65.76 to €77.75 was in-line with brokers' and analysts' target estimates and was within the range of Euronext's closing share prices of €63.65 to €93.30 for the period of May 19 to November 20, 2006.
Based on (i) its calculation of an implied range of values per share of NYSE Euronext of €58.56 to €69.06 and (ii) the cash portion of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer and (iii) all other assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its
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report, Houlihan Lokey's analysis indicated an implied range of values of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer of €78.71 to €89.00 per Euronext share.
With respect to the cash portion of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer, Houlihan Lokey has assumed that debt financing is available and Houlihan Lokey expresses no opinion on the price, terms or form of such financing.
Alternatively, based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey's analysis of the closing share prices of each of NYSE Group and Euronext, as of November 20, 2006, indicated an implied value per share of NYSE Euronext of €45.33 to €71.79 and an implied value per share of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer of €65.74 to €91.68.
Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey's analysis indicated that the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer was higher than and/or within the range of (i) values per share of Euronext indicated by its analysis and (ii) Euronext's publicly traded share price over the (a) three month period ending November 20, 2006 and (b) the three-month period prior to the proposed combination.
Implied valuation multiples. Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey observed that the EBITDA multiple ranges indicated by its analyses (i) were generally in line with, or above, the observed EBITDA multiples for the selected publicly traded companies, (ii) were in line with Euronext's own publicly-traded EBITDA multiples based on a 10-day volume weighted share price and (iii) were higher than the EBITDA multiples implied by its calculation of an implied range of values per share of Euronext on a standalone basis.
Premium and Accretion Analyses. Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey observed that the value of the standard consideration to be offered to the shareholders of Euronext in the exchange offer based on closing trading prices of each of Euronext and NYSE Group on the last business day prior to the May 22, 2006 announcement date of the proposed combination implied a premium of 0.4% compared to Euronext's closing trading price as of the same day. Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey observed that the same analysis as of the last business day prior to the June 1, 2006 signing of the combination agreement implied a premium of 2.7%. Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey observed that as of November 20, 2006, the premium based on public share prices of each of Euronext and NYSE Group was 4.2%.
Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey's analysis of the premiums based on publicly-traded share prices 30 days prior to the announcement of the proposed combination indicated a 17.4% premium. Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey compared this premium to premiums in other transactions announced as mergers of equals (based on prices 30 days prior to announcement) in the range of negative 7.5% to 29.2% and with a mean and median of 12.1% to 13.9%, for transactions in excess of $1.0 billion from January 1, 2004 to November 1, 2006.
Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey observed that the modest size of the premium is largely due to the increase in Euronext's publicly-traded share prices prior to the May 22, 2006 announcement of the proposed combination, which may have indicated that the market was anticipating the proposed combination or a similar event.
Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey's calculation of the range of values per share of Euronext and NYSE Euronext implied a premium range of 14.5% to 19.7%.
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Based upon a downside case scenario comparison with Houlihan Lokey's calculation of range of values per share of Euronext and NYSE Group, where one takes the high end of its range of values per share of Euronext and the low end of its of values per share of NYSE Group, Houlihan Lokey observed that based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, the proposed combination did not require the synergies to be achieved in order to make the proposed combination accretive to Euronext shareholders taken as a whole.
Contribution Analyses. Assuming, among other factors, (i) an all-stock deal (where the cash portion of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer is assumed to buy shares of NYSE Euronext at a price equal to the closing price of NYSE Group's common stock on November 20, 2006) (ii) the closing share prices of each of Euronext and NYSE Group, as of November 20, 2006 and (iii) based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey's analysis indicated a pro forma ownership of NYSE Euronext by current Euronext Shareholders upon consummation of the proposed combination of approximately 47.2%.
Based upon and subject to all other assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, this percentage was compared by Houlihan Lokey to Euronext's pro forma operating performance contribution in terms of revenues, EBITDA and earnings to the combined entity, which ranges between 45% to 52% for the fiscal years ending in 2008 and 2009, with and without the synergies.
Parity analysis. Assuming, among other factors, (i) an all-stock deal (where the cash portion of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer is assumed to buy shares of NYSE Euronext at a price equal to the closing prices of NYSE Group's common stock from March 8, 2006 to November 20, 2006) and (ii) the closing share prices of each of Euronext and NYSE Group from March 8, 2006 to November 20, 2006, and (iii) based upon and subject to all other assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey's analysis indicated a pro forma ownership range of NYSE Euronext by Euronext Shareholders upon consummation of the proposed combination of 47.2% to 51.7%.
Based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, Houlihan Lokey observed that the exchange parity has ranged from 1.14 to 1.49 based upon the closing share prices of each of Euronext and NYSE Group throughout the period one-month prior to the announcement of the proposed combination.
Excluding the cash portion of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer, Houlihan Lokey observed that based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters described in its report, the stock portion of the standard consideration to be offered to Euronext shareholders in the exchange offer has ranged from 0.79 to 1.06 based upon the closing share prices of each of Euronext and NYSE Group throughout the period one-month prior to the announcement of the proposed combination.
Other Matters
Euronext engaged Houlihan Lokey based on Houlihan Lokey's experience and reputation. Houlihan Lokey is regularly engaged to render financial opinions in connection with mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations, and for other purposes. Houlihan Lokey was engaged by Euronext pursuant to a retainer agreement dated November 17, 2006 to provide a report, including an opinion to the supervisory board of Euronext regarding the fairness from a financial point of view of the standard consideration to be offered to the shareholders of Euronext taken as a whole in the exchange offer. Pursuant to the retainer agreement, Euronext agreed to pay Houlihan Lokey a fee of €2,250,000, regardless of the conclusions reached by Houlihan Lokey in its report. Euronext has also agreed to reimburse Houlihan Lokey for certain reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, and to indemnify Houlihan Lokey and certain related parties against certain liabilities and expenses.
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In the past, the Houlihan Lokey group and its affiliates may have provided investment banking and other financial services to Euronext and NYSE Group, or their respective affiliates or any other party that may be involved in the proposed combination, for which they have received or may have received compensation.
Houlihan Lokey has identified the situation described below as possibly falling within the scope of Article 1 of AMF Instruction N o 2006-08 of 25 July 2006 relating to independent experts in application of Title VI of Book II of the general regulations of the AMF.
During the 18-month period preceding the date of Houlihan Lokey's designation by Euronext, a member of Houlihan Lokey's group has prepared a report regarding the fair market value of a company that has since become an indirect subsidiary of NYSE Group. Houlihan Lokey believes that this valuation does not create a conflict of interest with persons concerned by the exchange offer or their advisers within the meaning of Article 261-4 of the general regulations of the AMF and does not correspond to the situations listed in Article 1 of the aforementioned AMF instruction because, among other reasons, (i) the valuation was the extension of an assignment started prior to the commencement of the 18-month period preceding the date of Houlihan Lokey's designation by Euronext and (ii) the company was not a direct or indirect subsidiary of NYSE Group at the time of the assignment. Houlihan Lokey believes that this valuation is not susceptible of affecting its independence or the objectivity of its judgment in light of the relatively small fee collected on this assignment.
In the ordinary course of business, certain of Houlihan Lokey's affiliates may acquire, hold or sell, long or short positions, or trade or otherwise effect transactions, in debt, equity, and other securities and financial instruments (including bank loans and other obligations) of Euronext, NYSE Group or NYSE Euronext and any other party that may be involved in the proposed combination. Houlihan Lokey's ultimate parent undertaking, ORIX Corporation, is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. For purposes of Article 1 of the AMF instruction, Houlihan Lokey does not believe these situations are susceptible of affecting its independence or the objectivity of its judgment.
Interests of Officers and Directors in the Combination
Interests of the NYSE Group Directors and Executive Officers
In considering approval by the NYSE Group board of directors of the combination agreement, NYSE Group stockholders should be aware that members of the NYSE Group board of directors and its executive management have relationships, agreements or arrangements that provide them with interests in the combination that may be in addition to or different from those of the NYSE Group stockholders. The NYSE Group board of directors was aware of these relationships, agreements and arrangements during its deliberations on the merits of the combination. See "Proposal 1: The CombinationNYSE Group's Reasons for the Combination."
NYSE Euronext Directors. Pursuant to the terms of the combination agreement, all of the directors of NYSE Group immediately prior to the combination (including John A. Thain, the chief executive officer of the NYSE Group and Marshall N. Carter, the chairman of NYSE Group) will be among the initial directors of the NYSE Euronext board of directors after the combination. The current NYSE Group directors (other than John A. Thain) who are expected to serve on the NYSE Euronext board of directors following the combination are expected to be compensated for their services in that capacity in accordance with a customary director compensation policy. For further information, see "Directors and Management of NYSE Euronext After the CombinationCompensation of Directors and Executive Officers."
NYSE Euronext Management. As of the completion of the combination, NYSE Euronext will be managed by a management committee consisting of 14 members, including an equal number of NYSE Group designees and Euronext designees. The committee will include, among others, the chief executive officer of NYSE Group as of immediately prior to the combination (who will be the chief executive officer of NYSE Euronext) and the chief executive officer of Euronext as of immediately prior to the combination (who will be the deputy chief executive officer of NYSE Euronext).
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NYSE Group Equity Compensation Awards. In the merger, all stock options to acquire NYSE Group common stock, including those held by directors and executive officers, will be converted into options to acquire an equal number of shares of NYSE Euronext common stock at the same per share exercise price, and all NYSE Group restricted stock units, including those held by directors and executive officers, will be converted into the same number of NYSE Euronext restricted stock units.
Indemnification and Insurance. The combination agreement provides that, upon completion of the combination, NYSE Euronext will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, indemnify and hold harmless, and provide advancement of expenses to, all past and present directors, officers and employees of NYSE Group and its subsidiaries to the same extent those individuals were entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses under the NYSE Group certificate of incorporation, bylaws and indemnification agreements. To this end, the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation and bylaws will include provisions relating to indemnification of officers, directors and employees that are, in the aggregate, no less advantageous to the intended beneficiaries than the corresponding provisions in the current NYSE Group certificate of incorporation and bylaws.
The combination agreement also provides that NYSE Euronext will maintain for a period of six years after completion of the combination the current directors' and officers' liability insurance policies maintained by NYSE Group, or policies with the same coverage and containing terms and conditions that are no less advantageous to the insured in the aggregate, with respect to claims arising from facts or events that occurred on or before the completion of the combination, although NYSE Euronext will not be required to make annual premium payments in excess of 250% of the annual premiums currently paid by NYSE Group for directors' and officers' liability insurance. Instead, NYSE Group may, at its option, purchase a six-year "tail" prepaid policy on the same terms and conditions and subject to the same annual premium expenditure limitation.
Interests of Euronext Directors and Executive Officers
In considering the approval by the Euronext supervisory and managing boards of the combination agreement, the Euronext stockholders should be aware that members of these boards and Euronext's executive management have relationships, agreements or arrangements that provide them with interests in the combination that may be in addition to or different from those of the Euronext shareholders. The Euronext supervisory and managing boards were aware of these relationships, agreements and arrangements during their deliberations on the merits of the combination. See "Proposal 1: The CombinationEuronext's Reasons for the Combination."
NYSE Euronext Directors. Pursuant to the terms of the combination agreement, the NYSE Euronext board of directors will include the chairman of the Euronext supervisory board as of immediately prior to the combination (Jan-Michiel Hessels, who is expected to be the chairman of the NYSE Euronext board of directors), the chief executive officer of Euronext as of immediately prior to the combination (Jean-François Théodore, who is expected to be deputy chief executive officer of NYSE Euronext), and 8 other individuals who were members of the Euronext supervisory board as of immediately prior to the combination. For further information, see "Directors and Management of NYSE Euronext After the CombinationCompensation of Directors and Executive Officers."
NYSE Euronext Management. As of the completion of the combination, NYSE Euronext will be managed by a management committee consisting of 14 members, including an equal number of NYSE Group designees and Euronext designees. The committee will include, among others, the chief executive officer of Euronext as of immediately prior to the completion of the combination (who will be the deputy chief executive officer of NYSE Euronext) and the chief executive officer of NYSE Group as of immediately prior to the combination (who will be the chief executive officer of NYSE Euronext).
Euronext Equity Compensation Awards. On the date that the merger is completed, or to the extent not feasible on such date for some or all holders (for tax reasons or otherwise), promptly thereafter and in any event no later than the completion of the post-closing reorganization, all equity compensation awards
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based on Euronext shares, including those held by Euronext supervisory and managing board members, will be treated in the manner set forth in "The Combination AgreementTreatment of Euronext Stock Options and Stock-Based Awards."
Indemnification and Insurance. The combination agreement provides that, upon completion of the combination, NYSE Euronext will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, indemnify and hold harmless, and provide advancement of expenses to, all past and present directors, officers and employees of Euronext and its subsidiaries to the same extent those individuals were entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses under the Euronext articles of association and indemnification agreements. To this end, the NYSE Euronext certificate of incorporation and bylaws will include provisions relating to indemnification of officers, directors and employees that are, in the aggregate, no less advantageous to the intended beneficiaries than the corresponding provisions in the current Euronext articles of association.
The combination agreement also provides that NYSE Euronext will maintain for a period of six years after completion of the combination the current directors' and officers' liability insurance policies maintained by Euronext, or policies with the same coverage and containing terms and conditions that are no less advantageous to the insured in the aggregate, with respect to claims arising from facts or events that occurred on or before the completion of the combination, although NYSE Euronext will not be required to make annual premium payments in excess of 250% of the annual premiums currently paid by Euronext for directors' and officers' liability insurance. Instead, Euronext may, at its option, purchase a six-year "tail" prepaid policy on the same terms and conditions and subject to the same annual premium expenditure limitation.
The Delaware Trust and the Dutch Foundation
Generally
NYSE Euronext will operate several regulated entities located in the United States and in various jurisdictions in Europe. In connection with obtaining regulatory approval of the combination, NYSE Euronext intends, subject to the approval of its regulatory authorities, to implement certain special arrangements consisting of two standby structures, one involving a Dutch foundation ( stichting ) and one involving a Delaware trust. The Dutch foundation will be empowered to take actions to mitigate the effects of any material adverse change in U.S. law that has an "extraterritorial" impact on non-U.S. issuers listed on Euronext markets, non-U.S. financial services firms that are members of Euronext markets or holders of exchange licenses with respect to the Euronext markets. The Delaware trust will be empowered to take actions to mitigate the effects of any material adverse change in European law that has an "extraterritorial" impact on the non-European issuers listed on NYSE Group securities exchanges, non-European financial services firms that are members of any NYSE Group securities market or holders of exchange licenses with respect to the NYSE Group securities exchanges. The description of the Delaware trust and the Dutch foundation in this document represents the current understanding of NYSE Euronext, NYSE Group and Euronext as to the way in which the Delaware trust and Dutch foundation will operate. It is possible that, after the date of this document, the European regulators and the SEC may require changes to the Delaware trust and the Dutch foundation and the nature and scope of their powers as part of their approval of the combination.
Administration of the Foundation and of the Trust
The Dutch foundation will be administered by a board of three directors, and the Delaware trust will be administered by a board of three trustees. Each director will be required to be of high repute and to have experience and expertise in the securities industry, regulation and/or corporate governance and be independent. Terms of appointment for the directors of each of the foundation and the trust will be three years for the first three terms with one-year terms thereafter, with no limit on the total number of terms a director may serve.
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The initial directors of the Delaware trust and the Dutch foundation will be selected jointly by NYSE Group and Euronext prior to the combination, with successor members to be selected by the nominating and governance committee of the NYSE Euronext board of directors. Persons nominated by the nominating and governance committee of the NYSE Euronext board of directors to serve on the board of the Dutch foundation must be approved by the Chairs Committee of the College of Euronext Regulators and must pass any "fit and proper" test under applicable European laws or regulations. Persons nominated by the nominating and governance committee of the NYSE Euronext board of directors to serve on the board of the Delaware trust must not