UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended DECEMBER 31, 2006
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 1-10934
ENBRIDGE ENERGY PARTNERS, L.P.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware |
39-1715850 |
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(State or other jurisdiction of
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1100 Louisiana
Suite 3300
Houston, Texas 77002
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(713) 821-2000
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of each class |
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
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Class A Common Units |
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New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large Accelerated Filer x |
Accelerated Filer o |
Non-Accelerated Filer o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
The aggregate market value of the Registrants Class A Common Units held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of June 30, 2006, was $2,174,836,221.
As of February 22, 2007 the Registrant has 49,938,834 Class A common units outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: NONE
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are identified as any statement that does not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as anticipate, believe, continue, estimate, expect, forecast, intend, may, plan, position, projection, strategy, could, should, or will or the negative of those terms or other variations of them or comparable terminology. In particular, statements, expressed or implied, concerning future actions, conditions or events or future operating results or the ability to generate revenue, income or cash flow are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Future actions, conditions or events and future results of operations may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Many of the factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict. For additional discussion of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, see Item 1A. Risk Factors included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
The following abbreviations, acronyms, or terms used in this Form 10-K are defined below:
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AEUB |
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Alberta Energy and Utilities Board |
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Anadarko system |
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Natural gas gathering and processing assets located in western Oklahoma and the Texas panhandle, which were acquired on October 17, 2002 |
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AOCI |
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Accumulated other comprehensive income |
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AOSP |
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Athabasca Oil Sands Project, located in northern Alberta, Canada |
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Bbl |
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Barrel of liquids (approximately 42 U.S. gallons) |
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BlackRock |
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BlackRock Ventures Inc., an unrelated producer of heavy oil in Western Canada |
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Bpd |
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Barrels per day |
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CAA |
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Clean Air Act |
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Canadian Natural |
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Canadian Natural Resources Limited, an unrelated energy company |
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CAPP |
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Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, a trade association representing a majority of our Lakehead systems customers |
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CERCLA |
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Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act |
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CAD |
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Amount denominated in Canadian dollars |
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CWA |
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Clean Water Act |
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DOT |
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Department of Transportation |
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East Texas system |
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Natural gas gathering, treating and processing assets in East Texas acquired on November 30, 2001. Also includes a system formerly known as the Northeast Texas system acquired October 17, 2002. |
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Enbridge |
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Enbridge Inc., of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, the ultimate parent of the General Partner |
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Enbridge
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Enbridge Energy Management, L.L.C. |
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Enbridge system |
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Canadian portion of the System |
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Enbridge Pipelines |
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Enbridge Pipelines Inc. |
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EnCana |
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EnCana Corporation, an unrelated producer of natural gas and crude oil |
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EP Act |
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Energy Policy Act of 1992 |
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EPACT |
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Energy Policy Act of 2005 |
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EPA |
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Environmental Protection Agency |
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Exchange Act |
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Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
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FASB |
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Financial Accounting Standards Board |
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FERC |
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Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
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General Partner |
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Enbridge Energy Company, Inc., general partner of the Partnership |
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HCA |
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High consequence area |
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ICA |
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Interstate Commerce Act |
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KPC |
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Kansas Pipeline system, acquired on October 17, 2002 |
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Lakehead Partnership |
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Enbridge Energy, Limited Partnership, a subsidiary of the Partnership |
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Lakehead system |
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U.S. portion of the System |
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LIBOR |
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London Interbank Offered RateBritish Bankers Associations average settlement rate for deposits in U.S. dollars |
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M (3) |
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Cubic meters of liquid = 6.289811661 Bbl |
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MLP |
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Master Limited Partnership |
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MMBtu/d |
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Million British Thermal units per day |
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MMcf/d |
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Million cubic feet per day |
3
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Midcoast system |
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Natural gas gathering, treating, processing, transmission and marketing assets acquired October 17, 2002 |
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Mid-Continent system |
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Crude oil pipelines and storage facilities located in the mid-continent of the U.S. and acquired on March 1, 2004 |
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NEB |
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National Energy Board, a Canadian federal agency that regulates Canadas energy industry |
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NGA |
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Natural Gas Act |
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NGL or NGLs |
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Natural gas liquids |
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NGPA |
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Natural Gas Policy Act |
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NOPR |
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Notice of Proposed Rulemaking issued by the FERC. |
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North Dakota system |
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Liquids petroleum pipeline system in the Upper Midwest United States acquired on May 18, 2001 |
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Northeast Texas
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integrated with the East Texas system |
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North Texas system |
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Natural gas gathering and processing assets acquired on December 31, 2003 |
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NYMEX |
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The New York Mercantile Exchange where natural gas futures, options contracts, and other energy futures are traded |
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NYSE |
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New York Stock Exchange |
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OCSLA |
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Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act |
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OSHA |
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
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OPA |
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Oil Pollution Act |
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OPS |
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Office of Pipeline Safety |
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PADD |
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Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts |
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PADD I |
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Consists of Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia and West Virginia |
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PADD II |
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Consists of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee and Wisconsin |
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PADD III |
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Consists of Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico and Texas |
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PADD IV |
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Consists of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming and Colorado |
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PADD V |
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Consists of Washington, Oregon, California, Arizona, Alaska, Hawaii and Nevada |
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Palo Duro system |
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Natural gas transmission and gathering pipeline assets located in Texas between the Anadarko system and the North Texas system acquired on March 1, 2004 and integrated with the Anadarko system during 2005 |
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Partnership
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Partnership |
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Partnership |
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Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries |
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PHMSA |
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Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (formerly OPS) |
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PIPES of 2006 |
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Pipeline Inspection, Protection, Enforcement, and Safety Act of 2006 |
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PPIFG |
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Producer Price Index for Finished Goods |
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PSA |
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Pipeline Safety Act |
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PSI Act |
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Pipeline Safety Improvement Act |
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RCRA |
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Resource Conservation & Recovery Act |
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SAGD |
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Steam assisted gravity drainage |
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SEC |
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Securities and Exchange Commission |
4
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SEP II |
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System Expansion Program II, an expansion program on the Lakehead system |
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Settlement
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SFAS |
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Statement of Financial Accounting Standards |
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SFPP |
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Sante Fe Pacific Pipelines, L.P., an unrelated pipeline company |
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Suncor |
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Suncor Energy Inc., an unrelated energy company |
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Syncrude |
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Syncrude Canada Ltd., an unrelated energy company |
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Synthetic crude oil |
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Product that results from upgrading or blending bitumen into a crude oil stream which can be readily refined by most conventional refineries |
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System |
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The combined liquid petroleum pipeline operations of the Lakehead system and the Enbridge system |
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Tariff Agreement |
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A 1998 offer of settlement filed with the FERC |
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Terrace |
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Terrace Expansion Program, an expansion program on the Lakehead system |
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WCSB |
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Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin |
5
In this report, unless the context requires otherwise, references to we, us, our, or the Partnership are intended to mean Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries. We are a publicly traded Delaware limited partnership that owns and operates crude oil and liquid petroleum transportation and storage assets, and natural gas gathering, treating, processing, transportation and marketing assets in the United States of America. Our Class A common units are traded on the NYSE under the symbol EEP.
We were formed in 1991 by our general partner to own and operate the Lakehead system, which is the U.S. portion of a crude oil and liquid petroleum pipeline system extending from western Canada through the upper and lower Great Lakes region of the United States to eastern Canada. A subsidiary of Enbridge owns the Canadian portion of the System. Enbridge, which is based in Calgary, Alberta, provides energy transportation, distribution and related services in North America and internationally. Enbridge is the ultimate parent of our general partner.
We are a geographically and operationally diversified partnership consisting of interests and assets relating to the midstream energy sector. As of December 31, 2006, our portfolio of assets include the following:
· Approximately 4,900 miles of crude oil gathering and transportation lines and 24.5 million Bbl of crude oil storage and terminaling capacity.
· Natural gas gathering and transportation lines totaling approximately 11,000 miles.
· Nine active natural gas treating and 17 active natural gas processing facilities with an aggregate capacity of approximately 1,800 million cubic feet per day, or MMcf/d.
· Trucks, trailers and railcars for transporting NGLs, crude oil and carbon dioxide.
· Marketing assets that provide natural gas supply, transmission, storage and sales services.
Enbridge Management is a Delaware limited liability company that was formed in May 2002 to manage our business and affairs. Under a delegation of control agreement, our general partner delegated substantially all of its power and authority to manage our business and affairs to Enbridge Management. The General Partner, through its direct ownership of the voting shares of Enbridge Management, elects all of the directors of Enbridge Management. Enbridge Management is the sole owner of a special class of our limited partner interests, which we refer to as i-units.
6
Our ownership at December 31, 2006 is comprised of the following:
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2006 |
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Class A common units owned by the public |
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63.1 |
% |
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Class B common units owned by our General Partner |
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4.9 |
% |
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Class C units owned by our General Partner |
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7.0 |
% |
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Class C units owned by an institutional investor |
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7.0 |
% |
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i-units owned by Enbridge Management |
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16.0 |
% |
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General Partner interest |
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2.0 |
% |
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100.0 |
% |
Our primary objective is to provide stable and sustainable cash distributions to our unitholders, while maintaining a relatively low investment risk profile. Our business strategies focus on creating value for our customers, which we believe is the key to creating value for our investors. To accomplish our objective, we focus on the following key strategies:
1. Expand existing core asset platforms
· We intend to develop and acquire energy transportation assets and related facilities that are complementary to our existing systems. Our core businesses provide plentiful opportunities to achieve our primary business objectives.
2. Develop new asset platforms
· We plan to develop new gathering, processing, transportation and storage assets to meet customer needs, by expanding capacity into new markets with favorable supply and demand fundamentals.
3. Focus on operational excellence
· We will continue to operate our existing infrastructure to maximize cost efficiencies, provide flexibility for our customers and ensure the capacity is reliable and available when required. We will focus on safety, environmental integrity, innovation and effective stakeholder relations.
In our current environment, our primary focus is on expanding and developing our existing assets. We are placing relatively less emphasis on acquisitions than in prior years due to:
· Acquisition prices for the stable energy assets we seek have become inflated; and
· The expansion and diversification of our asset base over the past few years has created opportunities for internal growth projects that are expected to enhance the value of services we provide to our customers and returns to our investors.
While purchase prices remain high, our acquisitions will likely be limited to situations where we have natural advantages, through reduced costs or increased utilization of our services.
Our planned internal growth for both our liquids and natural gas businesses will require a significant investment of expansion capital over the next few years. While these major projects are under construction, our ability to increase distributions, while also funding these projects, is likely to be limited. Our outlook is premised on a number of major assumptions regarding the scope and timing of the projects, financing alternatives available to us and excludes the potential of significant acquisitions during the period. We expect our larger growth projects will be accretive to distributable cash flow when placed into service. These projects are discussed below in the respective business section.
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Liquids
The following map presents the locations of our current Liquids systems assets:
This map depicts some assets owned by Enbridge to provide an understanding of how they interconnect with our Liquids systems.
Western Canadian crude oil is an important source of supply for the United States. According to the latest available data for 2006 from the U.S. Department of Energys Energy Information Administration, Canada supplied approximately 1.6 million barrels per day, or Bpd, of crude oil to the U.S., the largest source of U.S. imports. Of the Canadian crude oil moving into the U.S., about 69% was transported on the System, which is the primary pipeline from western Canada to the U.S. We are well positioned to develop additional infrastructure to deliver growing volumes of crude oil that are expected from the Alberta oil sands. With an estimated $82 billion of active or planned projects in the Alberta oil sands, new production is expected to grow steadily during the next 5 years, with an additional 2.4 million Bpd of incremental supply available by 2015, according to the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, or CAPP.
Our Southern Access project is the cornerstone of our mainline expansion initiatives to address the expected increase in supply of western Canadian crude oil. Our $1.3 billion project will provide an additional 400,000 Bpd of heavy crude oil capacity to the Chicago market and beyond by early 2009, with nearly half of this capacity available in early 2008. The design will also permit a further 800,000 Bpd increase in capacity for minimal additional cost, in conjunction with a corresponding expansion upstream of Superior. The Southern Access project involves new pipeline construction on our Lakehead system along with expansion on the Canadian portion of the pipeline by Enbridge.
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Additionally, we and Enbridge are developing the Alberta Clipper project, which will involve construction of a 990 mile, 36-inch diameter, heavy crude oil pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta to Superior, Wisconsin with an initial capacity of 450,000 Bpd that is expandable to 800,000 Bpd. Our share of the cost of this project as currently proposed will be approximately $0.8 billion (excluding capitalized interest). Alberta Clipper is expected to be in-service in late 2009 to mid 2010. Regulatory applications will be filed once commercial terms are finalized, which is expected to occur in the first quarter of 2007.
Along with Enbridge, we are actively working with our customers to develop options that will allow Canadian crude oil to access new markets. The market strategy we are undertaking is to provide timely, economical, integrated transportation solutions to connect growing supplies of production from the Alberta oil sands to key refinery markets in the United States. The strategy involves further penetration into PADD II as well as entry into the vast refining center of the U.S. Gulf Coast. On April 28, 2005, the NEB approved two applications filed by Enbridge Pipelines to recover the costs for the extension of service to other markets via Enbridges Spearhead pipeline and ExxonMobils Pegasus pipeline through its Canadian tolls over the next 5 years. Through these initiatives, western Canadian crude oil is being delivered into Cushing, Oklahoma and Beaumont, Texas, respectively, since the first quarter of 2006. We benefit from these initiatives, as western Canadian crude oil is carried on our Lakehead system as far as Chicago and then transferred to these other pipelines to access these markets.
9
Natural Gas
The following map presents the locations of our Natural Gas systems assets:
This map depicts some assets owned by Enbridge to provide an understanding of how they relate to our Natural Gas systems.
Our natural gas assets are primarily located in the U.S. Gulf Coast region, one of the most active natural gas producing areas in the United States. Three of our larger systems in Texas are located in basins that are experiencing consistent growth in natural gas land leases, drilling and production. These core basins are known as the East Texas basin, the Fort Worth Basin and the Anadarko basin. Our focus has been on acquiring assets with strong growth prospects located in these areas and then to continue to develop those prospects.
One of our key objectives is to become the premier midstream energy company in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. To achieve this end, the operations and commercial activities of our gathering and processing assets and intrastate pipelines are integrated to provide better service to our customers. From an operations perspective, our key strategy is to provide safe and reliable service at reasonable costs to our customers, to enhance our reputation with our customers and to improve our competitiveness for capturing new customers. From a commercial perspective, our focus is to improve the value of service to our customers by providing them with a greater value for their commodity. We intend to achieve this objective by increasing customer access to the natural gas markets. We have made significant progress on this objective by physically connecting a number of our systems. The objective is to be able to move significant quantities of natural gas from our Anadarko, North Texas and East Texas systems to the major
10
market hubs in Texas and Louisiana. From these market hubs, natural gas can be transported to consumers in the Midwest and Northeast United States. Our trucking operations are used to enhance the value of the NGLs produced at our processing plants by ensuring ready access to strategic markets. Our marketing business also helps maximize the value received for the natural gas we transport and purchase by identifying customers with consistent demand for natural gas.
The growth prospects in our core areas are primarily a result of strong commodity prices, rig utilization rates and improvements in technology to produce natural gas from tight sand and shale formations. As a result, many expansions and extensions have been made on three of our main gathering and processing systems in Texas, including well-connects, processing plant re-activations, new plant construction, added compression, new pipelines and treating plant re-activations. During April 2006, we purchased $33 million of additional natural gas gathering and processing assets in East Texas, which we have integrated with our existing East Texas assets.
We continue to work closely with our customers to provide natural gas transportation solutions to avoid shut-in natural gas production from insufficient transportation capacity. During 2005, we completed construction of a new 500 MMcf/d intrastate transportation pipeline to carry increased volumes of natural gas to the pipeline hub at Carthage, Texas. Carthage access is important because it offers a number of connections to interstate pipelines, which tend to support more favorable natural gas prices for our customers. In January 2006, we announced a $610 million expansion and extension of our East Texas system. This project is required to handle the strong growth occurring in East Texas natural gas production, particularly from the Bossier Sands and other regional producing formations. We coordinated extensively with our customers to develop and enhance access for growing Texas natural gas production to major markets in southeast Texas. We have firm volume commitments and acreage dedications which we believe will approximate 550 MMcf/day, of the 700 MMcf/day of capacity, by the end of 2007. The project is designed to be expandable and is positioned for potential upstream and downstream extension.
We conduct our business through three business segments:
· Liquids;
· Natural Gas; and
· Marketing.
These segments have unique business activities that require different operating strategies. For information relating to revenues from external customers, operating income and total assets for each segment, refer to Note 16 of our consolidated financial statements.
Liquids Segment
The Lakehead system consists primarily of a crude oil and liquid petroleum common carrier pipeline and terminal assets in the Great Lakes and Midwest regions of the United States. This system, together with the Enbridge system in Canada, forms the longest liquid petroleum pipeline system in the world. The System, which spans approximately 3,300 miles, has been in operation for over 50 years and is the primary transporter of crude oil and liquid petroleum from western Canada to the United States. The System serves all the major refining centers in the Great Lakes and Midwest regions of the United States and the Province of Ontario, Canada. Through its interconnection with the Enbridge system, the Lakehead system is well positioned to capitalize on expected increases in crude oil supplies from previously announced heavy crude oil and oil sands projects in the Province of Alberta, Canada.
11
Our Lakehead system is a FERC-regulated interstate common carrier pipeline system. The Lakehead system spans a distance of approximately 1,900 miles, and consists of approximately 3,500 miles of pipe with diameters ranging from 12 inches to 48 inches, 59 pump station locations with a total of approximately 768,000 installed horsepower and 62 crude oil storage tanks with an aggregate working capacity of approximately 10.8 million barrels. The System operates in a segregation, or batch mode, allowing the transport of 59 crude oil commodities including light, medium and heavy crude oil (including bitumen, which is a naturally occurring tar-like mixture of hydrocarbons), condensate and NGLs.
Customers. Our Lakehead system operates under month-to-month transportation arrangements with our shippers. During 2006, approximately 30 shippers tendered crude oil and liquid petroleum for delivery through the Lakehead system. We consider multiple companies that are controlled by a common entity to be a single shipper for purposes of determining the number of shippers delivering crude oil and liquid petroleum on our Lakehead system. Our customers include integrated oil companies, major independent oil producers, refiners and marketers.
Supply and Demand. Our Lakehead system is well positioned as the primary transporter of western Canadian crude oil and continues to benefit from the growing production of crude oil from the Alberta oil sands. Similar to U.S. domestic conventional crude oil production, western Canadas conventional crude oil production is declining. Over the last several years, development of the Alberta oil sands resource has more than offset declining conventional production. The NEB estimated that total WCSB 2006 production averaged approximately 2.3 million Bpd compared with 2.2 million bpd in 2005. WCSB crude oil production is comparable with production from key OPEC members Kuwait and Venezuela.
Remaining established conventional oil reserves in western Canada were estimated to be approximately 3.8 billion barrels at the end of 2005. During 2005, the latest period for which data is available, approximately 105 percent of conventional production was replaced with reserve additions. Remaining established reserves from the Alberta oil sands as of the end of 2005, stand at approximately 174 billion barrels. Combined conventional and oil sands established reserves of approximately 179 billion barrels compares with Saudi Arabias proved reserves of approximately 260 billion barrels.
According to CAPP, an estimated $46 billion has been spent on oil sands development from 1996 through 2005. A survey of CAPP members and oil sands developers estimate that oil producers may spend an additional $82 billion by 2016, including all announced and planned oil sands projects. Although it is unlikely that all projects will proceed as planned, the investment already in place and the number and size of companies involved provides strong evidence of ongoing oil sands industry expansion. CAPP estimates future production from the Alberta oil sands will increase by more than 2.4 million barrels per day by 2015 based on a subset of currently approved applications and announced expansions.
The near-term growth in crude oil supply comes from the completion and consolidation of major expansion projects at existing synthetic crude oil upgraders and growth of bitumen production from both existing and new SAGD facilities currently under construction. Over the next year, synthetic crude oil production capacity is expected to increase by approximately 83,000 Bpd at the existing plants.
Syncrude completed a 100,000 Bpd Stage 3 expansion over the past year, increasing total production capacity to 350,000 Bpd. However, the new Stage 3 coker suffered from a number of start-up issues that prevented Syncrude from attaining full utilization of its production capacity. Syncrudes next expansion will de-bottleneck the current system to increase synthetic production by approximately 40,000 Bpd to approximately 390,000 Bpd by 2011.
12
Suncor completed its 35,000 Bpd expansion in late 2005 resulting in total upgrading capacity of 260,000 Bpd. Average synthetic production from the upgrader was 253,000 Bpd in 2006. Suncor also received conditional approval from the AEUB for its proposed Voyageur expansion, which will increase synthetic production capacity to 500,000 Bpd by 2012.
The Athabasca Oil Sands Project, or AOSP, owned by Shell Canada Limited (60%), Chevron Canada Limited (20%) and Western Oil Sands L.P. (20%), is another oil sands project that reached full production capacity in 2004. The AOSP project moved forward with the AEUBs conditional approval of the proposed AOSP Expansion 1 project. The AOSP Expansion 1 project aims to achieve an expansion from the current capacity of 165,000 Bpd to more than 255,000 Bpd by 2010.
Over the next two years, unblended bitumen production is expected to start, or increase, from more than ten individual projects that are coming on line. Notable projects include the expansions at Canadian Naturals Wolf Lake/Primrose area, ConocoPhillips Surmont, Devons Jackfish, EnCanas Foster Creek and Christiana Lake, Huskys Sunrise, Suncors Firebag and Totals Josyln project. Based on the AEUB forecast, unblended bitumen production is expected to increase by roughly 60,000 Bpd by the end of 2007, more than offsetting the decline in conventional crude production.
Although the crude oil and liquid petroleum delivered through the Lakehead system primarily originates in oilfields in western Canada, the Lakehead system also receives approximately five percent of its receipts from domestic sources including:
· U.S. production at Clearbrook, Minnesota through a connection with the North Dakota system;
· U.S. production at Lewiston, Michigan; and
· both U.S. and offshore production in the Chicago area.
Based on forecasted growth in western Canadian crude oil production and completion of upgrader expansions and increased bitumen production, Lakehead system deliveries are expected to average 1.64 million Bpd in 2007 compared with 1.52 million Bpd in 2006. The estimated deliveries for 2007 are part of a forecast representing forward-looking information and is subject to risks, uncertainties, and factors beyond our control.
Our ability to increase deliveries and to expand our Lakehead system in the future will ultimately depend upon numerous factors. The investment levels and related development activities by crude oil producers in conventional and oil sands production directly impacts the level of supply from the WCSB. Investment levels are influenced by crude oil producers expectations of crude oil and natural gas prices, future operating costs, and availability of markets for produced crude. Higher crude oil production from the WCSB should result in higher deliveries on the Lakehead system. Deliveries on the Lakehead system are also affected by periodic maintenance, turnarounds and other shutdowns at producing plants that supply crude oil to, or refineries that take delivery from, our Lakehead system.
We expect the demand for WCSB crude oil production will continue to increase in PADD II. PADD II refinery configurations and crude oil requirements continue to be an attractive market for western Canadian supply. According to the U.S. Department of Energys Energy Information Administration, 2006 demand for crude oil in PADD II remained relatively unchanged from 2005 with an average of 3.3 million Bpd. At the same time, production of crude oil within PADD II increased marginally by 13,000 Bpd to 456,000 Bpd. With the proximity of the WCSB to PADD II, the availability of capacity on the Lakehead system and limited alternative markets for WCSB production, we expect deliveries on the Lakehead system to increase along with increases in WCSB supply. Based on our industry survey, we expect refineries in the PADD II market to compete aggressively with new markets for access to the growing supply from the WCSB.
13
In conjunction with Enbridge, we announced the 400,000 Bpd Southern Access expansion project in 2005. The first stage of the U.S. portion of the expansion on Lakehead will add approximately 44,000 Bpd of capacity in 2007 and up to an additional 146,000 Bpd by early 2008. The first stage includes a new pipeline between Superior and Delavan, Wisconsin, along with pump station enhancements upstream and downstream of this segment. The second stage of the expansion project will provide additional upstream pumping capacity and a new pipeline from Delavan to Flanagan, Illinois, with completion expected in early 2009. Completion of the total Southern Access expansion project will create a new 454-mile pipeline with approximately 400,000 Bpd of incremental capacity on our Lakehead system.
On March 16, 2006, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved an Offer of Settlement with respect to rate principles for the Southern Access expansion, which were negotiated with CAPP. In July 2006, support from shippers and CAPP was obtained to increase the diameter of the new pipeline segment of the project from 36 inches to 42 inches. The incremental capital cost of the larger diameter pipe is currently estimated at approximately $157 million, bringing our total estimated portion of the costs to approximately $1.3 billion. The larger diameter will not provide increased capacity in the near term but does increase the ultimate expansion capacity of the line from 800,000 Bpd to 1,200,000 Bpd with additional pumping horsepower. This improves future expansion opportunities for our Lakehead system. Return on the incremental capital for the larger diameter pipe will be deferred until the additional capacity is required by shippers (see discussion of Alberta Clipper project below). In the interim, shippers will absorb all the incremental operating costs of the larger diameter pipe but will benefit from reduced power costs at higher throughput levels. Delivery of line pipe to the rights-of-way has commenced to ensure full completion in early 2009.
In July 2006, Enbridge announced that it had received support from shippers and CAPP for its 36-inch diameter, 400,000 Bpd Southern Access Extension pipeline from Flanagan, Illinois to Patoka, Illinois. The extension will broaden the reach of the Enbridge/Lakehead mainline system to incremental markets accessible from the Patoka hub. The project will be undertaken by Enbridge; however, our Lakehead system will benefit from incremental volumes moving through the system to connect with this extension. A FERC Offer of Settlement was filed on September 1, 2006. On December 8, 2006, the FERC rejected the rolled in rate design contained in the Offer of Settlement. However, support for the project remains very strong and Enbridge is preparing an alternative tolling structure to address the initial opposition from the intervening parties. It is expected that a second application will be filed with the FERC in the first quarter of 2007 to allow the project to continue on schedule, with a 2009 in-service date.
Based on forecasts of oil sands production growth prepared by Enbridge, as well as forecasts by CAPP, it is believed that there will be a need for additional export pipeline capacity out of western Canada over and above projects described above. Based on this analysis, as well as interest expressed by shippers, we and Enbridge are developing the Alberta Clipper project. This project will involve construction of a 990-mile, 36-inch diameter, heavy crude line from Hardisty, Alberta to Superior, Wisconsin with an initial capacity of 450,000 Bpd that is expandable to 800,000 Bpd. Our share of the cost of this project as currently proposed will be approximately $0.8 billion (in 2006 dollars, excluding capitalized interest).
Based on discussions with our shippers the preference is for the Alberta Clipper Project to be a common carrier pipeline fully integrated with the System for rate-making purposes. Alberta Clipper is expected to be in-service in late 2009 to mid 2010. Regulatory applications will be filed once commercial terms are finalized, which we expect to occur in the first quarter of 2007.
During the first quarter of 2006, Enbridge completed the reversal of its Spearhead Pipeline that now flows from Chicago, Illinois to Cushing, Oklahoma, with a capacity of 125,000 Bpd. In March 2006, the first western Canadian crude oil was delivered through this system into the major oil hub at Cushing. Our Lakehead system benefits from the reversal of the Spearhead pipeline as western Canadian crude oil is
14
carried on our Lakehead system as far as the Chicago region and then transferred to the Spearhead pipeline.
In April 2006, ExxonMobil announced it had completed the reversal of two of its crude oil pipelines allowing up to 66,000 Bpd of Canadian crude oil to flow from Patoka, Illinois to the U.S. Gulf Coast. The pipeline is linked to our Lakehead system at Chicago via the Mustang Pipe Line LLC system to Patoka, Illinois. The Mustang system is 30% owned by an affiliate of Enbridge. ExxonMobil has received firm commitments from Canadian shippers for an average of 50,000 Bpd of capacity on the lines from Patoka, to Nederland, Texas for the next five years. The connection of our Lakehead system with this new market should also support increased throughput on our Lakehead system; however, the reversed ExxonMobil system is also capable of transporting western Canadian crude oil moved via other competing pipelines into the Patoka market.
Competition. Our Lakehead system, along with the Enbridge system, is the main crude oil export route from the WCSB. WCSB production in excess of western Canadian demand moves on existing pipelines into the Midwest area of the United States (PADD II), the Rocky Mountain states (PADD IV), the Anacortes area of Washington State (PADD V), and the U.S. Gulf Coast (PADD III). In each of these regions, WCSB crude oil competes with local and imported crude oil. As local crude oil production declines and refineries demand more imported crude oil, imports from the WCSB should increase.
In 2005, PADD II imported approximately 1 million Bpd of Canadian crude. For 2006, the latest data available shows that PADD II total demand was 3.3 million Bpd while it produced only 456,000 Bpd, and thus imported 2.85 million Bpd. For the first ten months of 2006, PADD II imported approximately 1.1 million Bpd of crude oil from Canada, and the remainder was imported from PADD III and offshore sources through the U.S. Gulf Coast. Of the crude oil imported from Canada, 2006 actual volumes transported on our Lakehead system to PADD II averaged 1.1 million Bpd including deliveries to destinations in PADD II, and to other pipeline systems with PADD III destinations. Lakehead system deliveries of Canadian crude oil to PADD II increased by approximately 152,000 Bpd in 2006, a 16% increase from 2005 volumes. Total deliveries on our Lakehead system averaged 1.52 million Bpd in 2006, meeting approximately 71 percent of Minnesota refinery capacity; 62 percent of the greater Chicago area; and 82 percent of Ontarios refinery demand.
Considering all of the pipeline systems that transport western Canadian crude oil out of Canada, the System transported approximately 69 percent of the total western Canadian crude oil exports in 2006 to the United States. The remaining production was transported by systems serving the British Columbia, PADD IV and PADD V markets.
Given the expected increase in crude oil production from the Alberta oil sands over the next 10 years, alternative transportation proposals have been presented to crude oil producers. These proposals range from expansions of existing pipelines currently transporting western Canadian crude oil to new pipelines and extensions of existing pipelines. These proposals are in various stages of development, with some at the concept stage and others that are proceeding with regulatory approval. Some of these proposals could be in direct competition with our Lakehead system.
Enbridge has proposed construction of the Gateway Pipeline in the 2012 to 2014 timeframe, which includes both a condensate import pipeline and a petroleum export pipeline. The condensate line would transport imported diluent from Kitimat, British Columbia to the Edmonton, Alberta area. The petroleum export line would transport crude oil from the Edmonton area to Kitimat and would compete with our Lakehead system for production from the Alberta oil sands.
Shippers have indicated interest to Enbridge in development of additional pipeline capacity to transport Canadian crude oil to the U.S. Gulf Coast, including the potential for a direct line from Alberta to the Gulf Coast. Enbridge is examining a number of alternatives to respond to this interest, including
15
alternatives that would extend off our Lakehead system, utilizing either existing pipelines, which could be connected and reversed, or newly constructed extensions. These alternatives would complement our Lakehead system and support its expansion. Enbridge has indicated that a direct line would require a minimum of 400,000 Bpd of throughput commitments to be economic, and could not be in service before 2011. A direct line, if developed by Enbridge or any other party, would compete with our Lakehead system.
The following provides an overview of other proposals put forth by competitor pipeline companies that are not affiliated with Enbridge:
· The construction of a new 24-inch pipeline alongside an existing pipeline which begins in Clearbrook, Minnesota and transports western Canadian crude oil to St. Paul, Minnesota. This expansion will have 165,000 Bpd initial capacity and 350,000 Bpd ultimate capacity. Construction is planned for summer 2007, with a completion date in 2008. While throughput on our Lakehead system would benefit from this expansion, volumes moving on our Lakehead system would only be negatively impacted if the Wood River to St. Paul pipeline were to be reversed.
· The expansion of an existing pipeline that runs from Alberta to British Columbia and Washington state. The first phase of this expansion to add 35,000 Bpd of capacity was approved by the NEB in 2005 and is expected to be in service in 2007. The second phase received NEB approval in October 2006, and would further increase capacity by another 40,000 Bpd by 2009. Additional phases have also been proposed which would add substantial additional capacities.
· Construction of a new 435,000 Bpd crude oil pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta to Wood River and Patoka, with an expected in-service date of late 2009. This proposal has support of long-term contracts for a total of 340,000 Bpd. The sponsor company filed applications with the NEB in June 2006 to convert part of its mainline gas transmission facilities, and in December 2006, for approval to operate and construct facilities in Canada. Public hearings on the gas line transfer application were held in mid-November 2006 and in early 2007 the NEB approved transfer of the gas transmission facilities to crude oil service, although additional approvals will be required from United States and Canadian regulatory authorities before the project can proceed. The company is also proposing an expansion to 590,000 Bpd and an extension to Cushing, Oklahoma. An open season will be held in the early part of 2007 to determine shipper interest and a variety of regulatory approvals will be required in the United States at state and local levels before the proposal can proceed.
· Construction of a new crude oil pipeline from northern Alberta directly to the U.S. Gulf Coast. This conceptual pipeline proposal is subject to shipper support and regulatory approval.
These competing alternatives for delivering western Canadian crude oil into the United States and other markets could erode shipper support for further expansion of our Lakehead system beyond the Southern Access Expansion and the Alberta Clipper Project. They could also affect throughput on and utilization of the System. However, the Lakehead and Enbridge systems offer significant cost savings and flexibility advantages, which are expected to continue to favor the systems as the preferred alternative for meeting shipper transportation requirements to the Midwest United States.
16
The following table sets forth average deliveries per day and barrel miles of our Lakehead system for each of the periods presented.
|
|
|
Deliveries |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
(thousands of Bpd) |
|
||||||||
|
United States |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Light crude oil |
|
327 |
|
241 |
|
275 |
|
258 |
|
266 |
|
|
Medium and heavy crude oil |
|
872 |
|
791 |
|
785 |
|
741 |
|
665 |
|
|
NGL |
|
5 |
|
4 |
|
4 |
|
4 |
|
6 |
|
|
Total United States |
|
1,204 |
|
1,036 |
|
1,064 |
|
1,003 |
|
937 |
|
|
Ontario |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Light crude oil |
|
160 |
|
146 |
|
174 |
|
174 |
|
171 |
|
|
Medium and heavy crude oil |
|
63 |
|
59 |
|
81 |
|
68 |
|
83 |
|
|
NGL |
|
90 |
|
98 |
|
103 |
|
109 |
|
111 |
|
|
Total Ontario |
|
313 |
|
303 |
|
358 |
|
351 |
|
365 |
|
|
Total Deliveries |
|
1,517 |
|
1,339 |
|
1,422 |
|
1,354 |
|
1,302 |
|
|
Barrel miles (billions per year) |
|
400 |
|
338 |
|
367 |
|
345 |
|
341 |
|
Our Mid-Continent system, which we acquired in the first quarter of 2004, is located within the PADD II district and is comprised of our Ozark pipeline, our West Tulsa pipeline and storage terminals at Cushing and El Dorado, Kansas. It includes over 480 miles of crude oil pipelines and 12.8 million barrels of crude oil storage capacity. Our Ozark pipeline transports crude oil from Cushing to Wood River where it delivers to ConocoPhillips Wood River refinery and interconnects with the WoodPat Pipeline, and the Wood River Pipeline, each owned by unrelated parties. Our West Tulsa pipeline moves crude oil from Cushing to Tulsa, Oklahoma where it delivers to Sinclair Oil Corporations Tulsa refinery.
The storage terminals consist of 97 individual storage tanks ranging in size from 55,000 to 575,000 barrels. We expect to add 11 new tanks during 2007 to our existing storage facilities in Cushing, which will increase our crude oil storage capacity to 16.7 million barrels by the end of 2007. A portion of the storage facilities are used for operational purposes while we contract the remainder of the facilities with various crude oil market participants for their term storage requirements. Contract fees include fixed monthly capacity fees as well as utilization fees, which we charge for injecting crude oil into and withdrawing crude oil from the storage facilities.
Customers. Our Mid-Continent system operates under month-to-month transportation arrangements and both long-term and spot storage arrangements with its shippers. During 2006, approximately 30 shippers tendered crude oil for service by the Mid-Continent system. We consider multiple companies that are controlled by a common entity to be a single shipper for purposes of determining the number of shippers delivering crude oil and liquid petroleum on our Mid-Continent system. These customers include integrated oil companies, independent oil producers, refiners and marketers. Average daily deliveries on the system were 236,000 Bpd for 2005 and 244,000 Bpd for 2006.
Supply and Demand. The Mid-Continent system is positioned to capture increasing near-term demand for imported crude oil from west Texas and the U.S. Gulf Coast as well as third-party storage demand. In 2006, PADD II imported 3.3 million barrels per day from outside of the PADD II region. The Lakehead system supplied roughly 1.1 million barrels per day of crude from Canada leaving 2.2 million barrels per day imported from PADDs III and IV as well as offshore sources. We expect the gap between local supply and demand for crude oil in PADD II to continue to widen, encouraging imports of crude oil from Canada, PADD III and foreign sources.
17
Competition. Our Ozark pipeline system currently serves an exclusive corridor between Cushing and Wood River. However, refineries connected to Wood River have crude supply options available from Canada via the Lakehead system, with a connection to the Mustang pipeline, an Enbridge affiliated system, and through a third party pipeline, which runs from western Canada and PADD IV. These same refineries also have access to U.S. Gulf Coast and foreign supply through the Capline pipeline system, which is owned by an unrelated group of five owners. In addition, refineries located east of Patoka with access to crude through the Ozark system, also have access to west Texas supply through the Texas Gulf pipeline owned by third parties. The Ozark pipeline system could face a significant increase in competition if a proposed new pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta to Patoka is completed in 2009. However, if that situation occurs, we would consider potential alternative uses for our Ozark system.
In addition to movements into Wood River, crude oil in Cushing is transported to Chicago and El Dorado on third-party pipeline systems. With the reversal of the Spearhead pipeline, western Canadian crude oil moving on Spearhead is increasing the importance of Cushing as a terminal and pipeline origination area.
The storage terminals rely on demand for storage service from numerous oil market participants. Producers, refiners, marketers and traders rely on storage capacity for a number of different reasons: batch scheduling, stream quality control, inventory management, and speculative trading opportunities. Competitors to our storage facilities at Cushing include large integrated oil companies and other midstream energy partnerships.
Our North Dakota system is a crude oil gathering and interstate transportation system servicing the Williston Basin in North Dakota and Montana. Its crude oil gathering pipelines collect crude oil from points near producing wells in approximately 36 oil fields in North Dakota and Montana. Most deliveries from the North Dakota system are made at Clearbrook, Minnesota, to the Lakehead system and to a third-party pipeline system. The North Dakota system includes approximately 330 miles of crude oil gathering lines connected to a transportation line that is approximately 620 miles long, with a capacity of approximately 90,000 to 95,000 Bpd. This is a 10,000 to 15,000 Bpd increase due to a recent successful hydrotest program and the addition of drag reducing agents at pumping stations along the pipeline. The North Dakota system also has 16 pump stations and 11 terminaling facilities with an aggregate working storage capacity of approximately 685,000 barrels. We are in the middle of a $70 million expansion of this system that we began in 2006 and expect to complete in phases throughout 2007, with the majority of the project beginning service in the second half of 2007. This expansion is necessary to meet increased crude oil production from the Montana and North Dakota region.
Customers. Customers of the North Dakota system include producers of crude oil and purchasers of crude oil at the wellhead, such as marketers, that require crude oil gathering and transportation services. Producers range in size from small independent owner/operators to the largest integrated oil companies.
Supply and Demand. Like the Lakehead system, the North Dakota system depends upon demand for crude oil in the Great Lakes and Midwest regions of the United States, and the ability of crude oil producers to maintain their crude oil production and exploration activities.
Competition. Competitors of the North Dakota system include integrated oil companies, interstate and intrastate pipelines or their affiliates and other crude oil gatherers. Many crude oil producers in the oil fields served by the North Dakota system have alternative gathering facilities available to them or have the ability to build their own facilities.
18
Natural Gas Segment
We own and operate natural gas gathering, treating, processing and transportation systems as well as trucking operations. We purchase and/or gather natural gas from the wellhead, deliver it to plants for treating and/or processing and to intrastate or interstate pipelines for transmission, or to wholesale customers such as power plants, industrial customers and local distribution companies.
Natural gas treating involves the removal of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, water and other substances from raw natural gas so that it will meet the standards for pipeline transportation. Natural gas processing involves the separation of raw natural gas into residue gas and NGLs. Residue gas is the processed natural gas that ultimately is consumed by end users. NGLs separated from the raw natural gas are either sold and transported as NGL raw mix or further separated through a process known as fractionation, and sold as their individual components, including ethane, propane, butanes and natural gasoline. At December 31, 2006, we have approximately 8,500 miles of gathering pipelines, nine treating plants and 17 processing plants, excluding plants that are inactive. Our treating facilities have a combined capacity exceeding 850 MMcf/d while the combined capacity of our processing facilities is over 950 MMcf/d.
Our natural gas segment consists of the following major systems:
· East Texas system: Includes approximately 2,900 miles of natural gas gathering and transportation pipelines, seven natural gas treating plants and four natural gas processing plants.
· Anadarko system: Consists of approximately 1,200 miles of natural gas gathering and transportation pipelines in southwest Oklahoma and the Texas panhandle, one natural gas treating plant and four natural gas processing plants. The Anadarko system includes the Palo Duro system, which we acquired in March 2004.
· North Texas system: Includes approximately 4,200 miles of natural gas gathering pipelines and eight natural gas processing plants.
· Our transportation operations include four FERC-regulated natural gas interstate pipeline systems. Our four major FERC regulated systems are the KPC pipeline, Midla pipeline, AlaTenn pipeline and UTOS pipeline. Each of these natural gas pipeline systems typically consists of a natural gas pipeline, compression, and various interconnects to other pipelines that serve wholesale customers.
· Our transportation operations also include a number of smaller non-FERC regulated natural gas pipelines as well as trucking operations which are discussed below.
Customers. Customers of our natural gas pipeline systems include both purchasers and producers of natural gas. Purchasers include marketers and large users of natural gas, such as power plants, industrial facilities and local distribution companies. Producers served by our systems consist of small, medium and large independent operators and large integrated energy companies. We sell NGLs resulting from our processing activities to a variety of customers ranging from large petrochemical and refining companies to small regional retail propane distributors.
Our natural gas pipelines serve customers in the Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent regions of the United States. Customers include large users of natural gas, such as power plants, industrial facilities, local distribution companies, large consumers seeking an alternative to their local distribution company, and shippers of natural gas, such as natural gas producers and marketers.
19
Supply and Demand. Demand for our gathering, treating and processing services primarily depends upon the supply of natural gas reserves and the drilling rate of new wells. The level of impurities in the natural gas gathered also affects treating services. Demand for these services also depends upon overall economic conditions and the prices of natural gas and NGLs. Three of our larger systems are located in basins that continue to experience growth in natural gas drilling and production.
Our East Texas system is primarily located in the East Texas Basin. While production from most regions within this basin has remained flat for several years, the Bossier trend within the East Texas Basin continues to experience substantial growth. The Bossier trend is located on the western side of our East Texas system. Production in the Bossier trend has grown from under 390 MMcf/d in 1997 to over 1,300 MMcf/d during the first half of 2006. In the third quarter of 2006, we completed construction of our 120 MMcf/d Henderson natural gas processing facility on our East Texas system and acquired an 80-mile pipeline in April 2006, that is complimentary to our existing East Texas system and provided approximately 75,500 MMBtu/d of incremental volume. In addition the link between our North Texas and East Texas systems became fully operational during the third quarter of 2006. As expected, the completion of this connection has increased the utilization of our 500 MMcf/d intrastate pipeline that we placed in service in June 2005 on our East Texas system by providing additional market access to customers of our North Texas system. We also commenced a significant expansion of treating and processing capacity in the region, a significant portion of which is already operational with the remaining facilities expected to be complete in stages throughout 2007.
In an effort to address the strong growth in natural gas production occurring in East Texas, we initiated a $610 million expansion and extension of our East Texas system in early 2006, which we refer to as the Clarity project. The Clarity project is necessary to develop and enhance access for growing East Texas natural gas production to major markets in Southeast Texas and to avoid shut in of natural gas production that could result from insufficient natural gas pipeline transportation capacity. The extension and expansion of our East Texas System is expected to be completed in stages through 2007 and will provide increasing market options for customers. In addition, the Clarity project is designed to be expandable both upstream and downstream to meet growing demand for natural gas transportation capacity. We have firm volume commitments and acreage dedications which we believe will approximate 550 MMcf/day, of the 700 MMcf/d of capacity, by the end of 2007. The project is designed to be expandable and is positioned for potential upstream and downstream extension.
A substantial portion of natural gas on our North Texas system is produced in the Barnett Shale area within the Fort Worth Basin Conglomerate. The Fort Worth Basin Conglomerate is a mature zone that is experiencing slow production decline. In contrast, the Barnett Shale area is one of the most active natural gas plays in North America. While abundant natural gas reserves have been known to exist in the Barnett Shale area since the early 1980s, recent technological developments in fracturing the shale formation allows commercial production of these natural gas reserves. Since 1999 Barnett Shale production has risen from approximately 110 MMcf/d to over 1,800 MMcf/d in 2006, with the drilling of over 5,200 wells. We anticipate that throughput on the North Texas system will increase modestly in each of the next several years as a result of Barnett Shale development. To accommodate anticipated growth in the region we have commenced construction of two new gas processing plants totaling approximately 75 MMcf/d of capacity and related upstream facilities. These facilities are expected to become operational in the second and fourth quarters of 2007.
Our Anadarko system is located within the Anadarko basin and continues to experience considerable growth as a result of the rapid development of the Granite Wash play in Hemphill and Wheeler counties in Texas. We are continuing to make progress in increasing processing capacity in the region from 230 MMcf/d at December 31, 2005 to approximately 440 MMcf/d to accommodate the volume growth. In 2006 we expanded our existing Zybach processing facility to a capacity of 150 MMcf/d of natural gas from the initial capacity of approximately 105 MMcf/d when we placed the plant in service in April 2005. During
20
2007, to meet the continuing demands resulting from rapid development in the Anadarko basin, we expect to increase the processing capacity of our Anadarko system by approximately 155 MMcf/d. We will also continue to add significant field compression to accommodate the volume growth on this system.
We intend to expand our natural gas gathering and processing services primarily through internal growth projects designed to provide exposure to incremental supplies of natural gas at the wellhead, increase opportunities to serve additional customers, including new wholesale customers, and allow expansion of our treating and processing businesses. Additionally, we will pursue acquisitions to expand our natural gas services in situations where we have natural advantages to create additional value for our existing assets.
Our natural gas pipelines generally serve different geographical areas, with differing supply and demand characteristics in each market. We believe that demand and competition for natural gas in the areas served by our natural gas assets will generally remain strong as a result of being located in areas where industrial, commercial or residential growth is occurring. The greatest demand for services in the markets served by our natural gas assets occurs in the winter months.
The table below indicates the capacity in MMcf/d of the transportation and wholesale customer pipelines with firm transportation contracts as of December 31, 2006 and the amount of capacity that is reserved under those contracts as of that date.
|
Major System |
|
|
|
Capacity
|
|
Percentage
|
|
||||
|
UTOS system |
|
|
1,200 |
|
|
|
0 |
% |
|
||
|
Midla system |
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
74 |
% |
|
||
|
AlaTenn system |
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
27 |
% |
|
||
|
KPC system |
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
96 |
% |
|
||
|
Bamagas system |
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
61 |
% |
|
||
Our UTOS system transports natural gas from offshore platforms on a fee for service basis to other pipelines onshore for further delivery and does not have long-term reserve capacity. The UTOS systems average daily throughput during 2006 was 181,000 MMBtu/d. The FERC approved our negotiated settlement with UTOS shippers, keeping our current rates in effect under our 2003 FERC Order, through 2006. On December 7, 2006, we filed an application for an extension of that Order to keep the settlement rates in effect for an additional 3-year term that was subsequently approved on February 21, 2007.
Our Midla, AlaTenn and Bamagas systems primarily serve industrial corridors and power plants in Louisiana, Alabama and Tennessee. Industries in the area include energy intensive segments of the petrochemical and pulp and paper industries. We market the unused capacity on these systems under both short-term firm and interruptible transportation contracts and long-term firm transportation contracts. These systems are located in areas where opportunities exist to serve new industrial facilities and to make delivery interconnects to alleviate capacity constraints on other third-party pipeline systems. As of December 31, 2006, approximately 74% of contracted capacity of the Midla system and approximately 16% of the AlaTenn system is under contract to our marketing business.
The Bamagas system in northern Alabama is contiguous with our AlaTenn system and serves two power plants that are indirectly owned by Calpine Corporation (Calpine). In December 2005, Calpine declared bankruptcy and is in reorganization however, Calpine has continued to perform under the terms of its agreement with Bamagas and we continue to monitor the proceedings. Refer to the discussion included in Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition in our Natural Gas
21
segment included in the Future Prospects section entitled Other Matters of this report for more information about Calpines bankruptcy filling.
Our KPC system has 84% of its capacity reserved under firm transportation contracts extending through 2009 and an additional 12% of its capacity reserved under contracts extending through 2017. The KPC systems primary customers are local distribution companies.
Our long-term financial condition depends on the continued availability of natural gas for transportation to the markets served by our systems. Existing customers may not extend their contracts if the availability of natural gas from the Mid-continent and Gulf Coast producing regions was to decline and if the cost of transporting natural gas from other producing regions through other pipelines into the areas we serve were to render the delivered cost of natural gas uneconomical. We may be unable to find additional customers to replace the lost demand or transportation fees.
Competition. Competition from other pipeline companies is significant in all the markets we serve. Competitors of our gathering, treating and processing systems include interstate and intrastate pipelines or their affiliates and other midstream businesses that gather, treat, process and market natural gas or NGLs. Some of these competitors are substantially larger than we are. Competition for the services we provide varies based upon the location of gathering, treating and processing facilities. Most natural gas producers and owners have alternate gathering, treating and processing facilities available to them. In addition, they have alternatives such as building their own gathering facilities or in some cases, selling their natural gas supplies without treating and processing. In addition to location, competition also varies based upon pricing arrangements and reputation. On the sour gas systems, such as our East Texas system, competition is more limited due to the infrastructure required to treat sour gas.
Competition for customers in the marketing of residue gas is based primarily upon the price of the delivered gas, the services offered by the seller and the reliability of the seller in making deliveries. Residue gas also competes on a price basis with alternative fuels such as crude oil and coal, especially for customers that have the capability of using these alternative fuels, and on the basis of local environmental considerations. Competition in the marketing of NGLs comes from other NGL marketing companies, producers, traders, chemical companies and other asset owners.
Because pipelines are generally the only practical mode of transportation for natural gas over land, the most significant competitors of our natural gas pipelines are other pipelines. Pipelines typically compete with each other based on location, capacity, price and reliability. Many of the large wholesale customers we serve have multiple pipelines connected or adjacent to their facilities. Accordingly, many of these customers have the ability to purchase natural gas directly from a number of pipelines or third parties that may hold capacity on the various pipelines. In addition, a number of new interstate natural gas pipelines are being constructed in areas currently served by some of our intrastate and interstate pipelines. When completed, these new pipelines may compete for customers with our existing pipelines.
Trucking and Liquids Marketing Operations
We also include our trucking and liquids marketing operations in our Natural Gas segment. Trucking and liquids marketing operations include the transportation of NGLs, crude oil and carbon dioxide by truck and railcar from wellheads and treating, processing and fractionation facilities and to wholesale customers, such as distributors, refiners and chemical facilities. In addition, our trucking and liquids marketing operations resell these products. A key component of our business is ensuring market access for the liquids extracted at our processing facilities. On average this accounts for approximately 35% of the volume transported by our trucking and liquids marketing business and is a major source of its growth in this area.
22
Our services are provided using trucks, trailers and rail cars, product treating and handling equipment and NGL storage facilities. In addition, our CO 2 plant, with 250 tons per day of capacity, takes excess CO 2 from hydrogen producers which we then sell to a variety of customers. At the end of 2004, we took 50% ownership of an underground propane storage facility in Petal, Mississippi, which augments the services we provide to our customers in the region. The total capacity of this facility is 5.6 million Bbls which increases our storage capabilities.
In late 2005, we began increasing our truck fleet by approximately 25 percent to meet the growing supply of NGLs, crude oil and carbon dioxide from our processing facilities, as well as to capitalize on the opportunity to better serve our Gulf Coast customers.
Customers. Most of the customers of our trucking and liquids marketing operations are wholesale customers, such as refineries and propane distributors. Our trucking and liquids marketing operations also market products to wholesale customers such as petrochemical plants.
Supply and Demand. The areas served by our trucking and liquids marketing operations are geographically diverse, and the forces that affect the supply of the products transported vary by region. Crude oil and natural gas prices and production levels affect the supply of these products. The demand for services is affected by the demand for NGLs and crude oil by large industrial refineries, and similar customers in the regions served by this business.
Competition. Our trucking and liquids marketing operations have a number of competitors, including other trucking and railcar operations, pipelines, and, to a lesser extent, marine transportation and alternative fuels. In addition, the marketing activities of our trucking and liquids marketing operations have numerous competitors, including marketers of all types and sizes, affiliates of pipelines and independent aggregators.
Marketing Segment
Our Marketing segments primary objective is to maximize the value of the gas purchased by our gathering systems and the throughput on our gathering and intrastate wholesale customer pipelines. To achieve this objective, our Marketing segment transacts with various counterparties to provide natural gas supply, transportation, balancing, storage and sales services.
Since our gathering and intrastate wholesale customer pipeline assets are geographically located within Texas, Oklahoma, Alabama and Louisiana, the majority of activities conducted by our Marketing segment are focused within these areas.
Customers. Natural gas purchased and sold by our Marketing segment is sold to industrial, utility and power plant end use customers. In addition, gas is sold to marketing companies at various market hubs. These sales are typically priced based upon a published daily or monthly price index. Sales to end-use customers incorporate a pass-through charge for costs of transportation and additional margin to compensate us for associated services.
Supply and Demand. Supply for our Marketing business depends to a large extent on the natural gas reserves and rate of drilling within the areas served by our Natural Gas segment. Demand is typically driven by weather-related factors with respect to power plant and utility customers, and industrial demand.
Our Marketing business uses third-party storage capacity to balance supply and demand factors within its portfolio. Marketing pays third-party storage facilities and pipelines for the right to store gas for various periods of time. These contracts may be denoted as firm storage, interruptible storage, or parking and lending services. These various contract structures are used to mitigate risk associated with sales and purchase contracts, and to take advantage of price differential opportunities. Due to the increased volumes from our gathering assets, our Marketing business leases third-party pipeline capacity downstream from
23
our Natural Gas assets under firm transportation contracts following specific, controlled guidelines. This capacity is leased for various lengths of time and rates that allows our Marketing business to diversify its customer base by expanding its service territory. Additionally, this transportation capacity provides assurance that our gas will not be shut in due to capacity constraints on downstream pipelines.
Competition. Our Marketing segment has numerous competitors, including large natural gas marketing companies, marketing affiliates of pipelines, major oil and gas producers, independent aggregators and regional marketing companies.
Regulation by the FERC of Interstate Common Carrier Liquids Pipelines
The Lakehead, North Dakota, and Ozark systems are our primary interstate common carrier liquids pipelines subject to regulation by the FERC under the ICA. As common carriers in interstate commerce, these pipelines provide service to any shipper who requests transportation services, provided that products tendered for transportation satisfy the conditions and specifications contained in the applicable tariff. The ICA generally requires us to maintain tariffs on file with the FERC that set forth the rates we charge for providing transportation services on our interstate common carrier pipelines, as well as the rules and regulations governing these services.
The ICA gives the FERC the authority to regulate the rates we charge for service on our interstate common carrier pipelines. The ICA requires, among other things, that such rates be just and reasonable and nondiscriminatory. The ICA permits interested persons to challenge newly proposed or changed rates and authorizes the FERC to suspend the effectiveness of such rates for a period of up to seven months and to investigate the rates to determine if they are just and reasonable. If, upon completion of an investigation, the FERC finds that the new or changed rate is unlawful, it is authorized to require the carrier to refund with interest the increased revenues in excess of the amount that would have been collected during the term of the investigation at the rate properly determined to be lawful. The FERC also may investigate, upon complaint, or on its own motion, rates that are already in effect and may order a carrier to change its rates prospectively. Upon an appropriate showing, a shipper may obtain reparations for damages sustained for a period of up to two years prior to the filing of a complaint.
On October 24, 1992, Congress passed the Energy Policy Act of 1992, or EP Act, which deemed petroleum pipeline rates that were in effect for the 365-day period ending on the date of enactment, or that were in effect on the 365 th day preceding enactment and had not been subject to complaint, protest or investigation during the 365 day period, to be just and reasonable under the ICA (i.e., grandfathered). The EP Act also limited the circumstances under which a complaint can be made against such grandfathered rates. In order to challenge grandfathered rates, a party must show, 1) that it was contractually barred from challenging the rates during the relevant 365 day period; 2) that there has been a substantial change after the date of enactment of the EP Act in the economic circumstances of the pipeline or in the nature of the services that were the basis for the rate; or 3) that the rate is unduly discriminatory or unduly preferential.
The FERC has determined that the Lakehead system rates are not covered by the grandfathering provisions of the EP Act because they were subject to challenge prior to the effective date of the statute. We believe that the rates for the North Dakota and Ozark systems should be found to be largely covered by the grandfathering provisions of the EP Act.
The EP Act required the FERC to issue rules establishing a simplified and generally applicable ratemaking methodology for petroleum pipelines, and to streamline procedures in petroleum pipeline proceedings. The FERC responded to this mandate by issuing Order No. 561, which, among other things, adopted an indexing rate methodology for petroleum pipelines. Under the regulations, which became
24
effective January 1, 1995, petroleum pipelines are able to change their rates within prescribed ceiling levels that are tied to an inflation index. Rate increases made within the ceiling levels may be protested, but such protests must show that the rate increase resulting from application of the index is substantially in excess of the pipelines increase in costs. If the indexing methodology results in a reduced ceiling level that is lower than a pipelines filed rate, Order No. 561 requires the pipeline to reduce its rate to comply with the lower ceiling, although a pipeline is not required to reduce its rate below the level grandfathered under the EP Act. Under Order No. 561, a pipeline must, as a general rule, utilize the indexing methodology to change its rates. The FERC, however, uses cost-of-service ratemaking, market-based rates and settlement rates as alternatives to the indexing approach in certain specified circumstances.
Under Order No. 561, the original inflation index adopted by the FERC was equal to the annual change in the PPI-FG minus one percentage point. The index was subject to review every five years. Rates were then subject to an annual adjustment, based upon changes in the PPI-FG minus 1%, in order to accurately reflect the actual cost changes experienced by the oil pipeline industry. In December 2000, as part of the FERCs five-year review of the oil-pricing index (July 2001 through June 2006), the FERC concluded that the PPI-FG accurately reflected the actual cost changes experienced by the industry. In February 2003 the FERC issued an Order on Remand concluding that for the current five-year period, the oil-pricing index should be the PPI-FG. In order to calculate the 2003 ceiling rate levels, oil pipelines were permitted to use the PPI-FG adjustment as though it had been in effect since 2001. As of July 2006, the index increased to equal PPI-FG plus 1.3 percentage points, resulting in an index of 6.1485%. The FERC attributed the higher index formula to increases in industry costs from the imposition of new safety and environmental regulatory obligations, voluntary security measures, and higher energy costs. The FERC will continue, over the next five years, to review the oil pipeline index and monitor whether the current rate in place still reflects the actual cost changes experienced by the oil pipeline industry.
Allowance for Income Taxes in Rates
In a 1995 decision involving our Lakehead system, which we refer to as the Lakehead ruling , the FERC partially disallowed the inclusion of income taxes in the cost of service for the Lakehead system. A subsequent appeal of the Lakehead ruling was resolved by settlement and therefore was not adjudicated. In another FERC proceeding involving SFPP, the FERC initially relied on its previous Lakehead ruling to hold that SFPP could not claim an income tax allowance for income attributable to non-corporate partners, both individuals and other entities. SFPP and other parties to the proceeding appealed the FERCs orders to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, or the D.C. Circuit Court. On July 20, 2004, in BP West Coast Products LLC v. FERC (No. 99-1020), which we refer to as the BP West Coast decision , the D.C. Circuit Court issued a decision upholding certain aspects of the FERCs orders regarding the SFPP case, but vacating the FERCs ruling regarding the proper tax allowance for SFPP. The D.C. Circuit Court rejected the FERCs rationale for its Lakehead ruling and remanded the case to the FERC for further proceedings.
In the wake of the BP West Coast decision, the FERC initiated a notice and comment process to address tax allowance issues across a range of industries. We and many other companies commented on the proceeding. On May 4, 2005, the FERC issued a policy statement on income tax allowances, in which it reinstated its earlier policy of providing a full tax allowance on all partnership and similar legal interests in regulated companies if the owner of that interest has an actual or potential tax liability on the income earned through that interest. Whether a pipelines owners have such actual or potential income tax liability will be reviewed by the FERC on a case-by-case basis. On December 16, 2005, FERC issued its first case-specific oil pipeline review of the income tax allowance issue in the SFPP proceeding, reaffirming its new income tax allowance policy and directing SFPP to provide certain evidence necessary for the pipeline to determine its income tax allowance. The new tax allowance policy and the December 16 order have been appealed to the D.C. Circuit Court, and rehearing requests have been filed with respect to the
25
December 16 order. As well as the SFPP decision, which is currently on appeal, there are two other cases with regards to tax allowance pending in the D.C. Circuit Court including Exxon Mobil Oil Corporation v. FERC and CAPP v. FERC.
The D.C. Circuit Court heard oral arguments on these cases on December 12, 2006. A decision is expected by April 2007. At this time, the ultimate outcome of these proceedings is not certain and could result in changes to the FERCs treatment of income tax allowances in cost of service arrangements. Whether the income tax allowance policy is ultimately upheld or modified on judicial review, could affect the tariffs of FERC-regulated pipelines.
A related issue is whether the FERCs income tax allowance policy can be relied upon by shippers as a substantial change in circumstances sufficient to remove the grandfathering protection under the EP Act from an oil pipelines rates. The FERC determined in the SFPP case that its policy statement on income tax allowances does not represent a change from its pre-EP Act policy and therefore, cannot affect grandfathering of rates, a position that is still potentially subject to further judicial review.
At this time, the effect of the FERCs policy statement on income tax allowances on us is uncertain. The tariff rates on our common carrier interstate liquids pipelines have been established under a variety of different circumstances including settlements and tariff indexing. It is anticipated that a change in the income tax allowance policy would only impact those rates that were established after indexing. Even with the indexed rates, the income tax allowance is only one of many elements supporting our pipeline rates for service. Accordingly, we cannot predict with certainty what rates we will be allowed to charge in the future, or the potential impact on us of a change in FERCs policy statement on income tax allowances.
We believe that the rates we charge for transportation services on our interstate common carrier liquids pipelines are just and reasonable under the ICA. However, because the rates that we charge are subject to review upon an appropriately supported protest or complaint, we cannot predict what rates we will be allowed to charge in the future for service on our interstate common carrier liquids pipelines. Furthermore, because rates charged for transportation services must be competitive with those charged by other transporters, the rates set forth in our tariffs will be determined based on competitive factors in addition to regulatory considerations.
Accounting for Pipeline Assessment Costs
In June 2005, the FERC issued an order in Docket AI05-1 describing how FERC-regulated companies should account for costs associated with implementing the pipeline integrity management requirements of the United States Department of Transportations Office of Pipeline Safety. The order took effect on January 1, 2006. Under the order, FERC-regulated companies are generally required to recognize costs incurred in performing pipeline assessments that are part of a pipeline integrity management program as maintenance expense in the period in which the costs are incurred. Costs for items such as rehabilitation projects designed to extend the useful life of the system can continue to be capitalized to the extent permitted under the existing rules. The FERC denied rehearing of its accounting guidance order on September 19, 2005.
We have historically capitalized first time in-line inspection programs, based on previous rulings by the FERC. In January 2006, we began expensing all first-time internal inspection costs for all our pipeline systems, whether or not they are subject to FERC regulation on a prospective basis. We will continue to expense secondary internal inspection tests consistent with our previous practice. Refer to Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in our consolidated financial statements beginning at page F-1 of this annual report on Form 10-K.
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Regulation by the FERC of Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines
Our AlaTenn, Midla, KPC and UTOS systems are interstate natural gas pipelines regulated by the FERC under the NGA, and the NGPA. Each system operates under separate FERC-approved tariffs that establish rates, terms and conditions under which each system provides service to its customers. In addition, the FERCs authority over natural gas companies that provide natural gas pipeline transportation services in interstate commerce includes:
· certification and construction of new facilities;
· extension or abandonment of services and facilities;
· maintenance of accounts and records;
· acquisition and disposition of facilities;
· initiation and discontinuation of services;
· conduct and relationship with energy affiliates; and
· various other matters.
Tariff changes can only be implemented upon approval by the FERC. Two primary methods are available for changing the rates, terms and conditions of service of an interstate natural gas pipeline. Under the first method, the pipeline voluntarily seeks a tariff change by making a tariff filing with the FERC justifying the proposed tariff change and providing notice, generally 30 days, to the appropriate parties. If the FERC determines that a proposed change is just and reasonable as required by the NGA, the FERC will accept the proposed change and the pipeline will implement such change in its tariff. However, if the FERC determines that a proposed change may not be just and reasonable as required by the NGA, then the FERC may suspend such change for up to five months and set the matter for an administrative hearing. Subsequent to any suspension period ordered by the FERC, the proposed change may be placed into effect by the company, pending final FERC approval. In most cases, a proposed rate increase is placed into effect before a final FERC determination on such rate increase, and the proposed increase is collected subject to refund (plus interest). Under the second method, the FERC may, on its own motion or based on a complaint, initiate a proceeding seeking to compel the company to change its rates, terms and/or conditions of service. If the FERC determines that the existing rates, terms and/or conditions of service are unjust, unreasonable, unduly discriminatory or preferential, then any rate reduction or change that it orders generally will be effective prospectively from the date of the FERC order requiring this change.
In November 2003, the FERC issued Order 2004 governing the Standards of Conduct for Transmission Providers (including natural gas interstate pipelines). These standards provide that interstate pipeline employees engaged in natural gas transmission system operations must function independently from any employees of their energy affiliates and marketing affiliates and that an interstate pipeline must treat all transmission customers, affiliated and non-affiliated, on a non-discriminatory basis, and cannot operate its transmission system to benefit preferentially, an energy or marketing affiliate. In addition, Order 2004 restricts access to natural gas transmission customer data by marketing and other energy affiliates and provides certain conditions on service provided by interstate pipelines to their gas marketing and energy affiliates. We have implemented changes in business processes to comply with this order. In November 2006, the D.C. Circuit Court vacated Order 2004 as that order applies to interstate natural gas pipelines and remanded that proceeding to the FERC for further action.
On January 9, 2007, the FERC issued Order 690 in response to the D. C. Circuit Courts decision. In its Order, the Commission issued new interim standards of conduct pending the outcome of a new rulemaking proceeding. The interim standards will only govern the relationship between an interstate
27
pipeline and its marketing affiliates as opposed to its energy affiliates, the latter being a much broader category as originally set forth in Order 2004. As a result, the Commission effectively repromulgated on a temporary basis the Standards of Conduct first issued in Order 497 in 1992, while it considers its course of action to address the courts decision on a more permanent basis.
On January 18, 2007, the FERC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) in Docket No. RM07-1 wherein it proposes to make permanent its interim standards of conduct issued in Order 690. The Commission is also seeking comment as to whether it should make comparable changes to the electric industry standards of conduct that were not affected by either the November 2006 decision by the D.C. Circuit Court, or by Order 690, as well as comments regarding certain other electric-related exceptions to Order 2004. We continue to closely monitor these proceedings and administer our compliance programs accordingly.
Additional proposals and proceedings that might affect the natural gas industry are pending before Congress, the FERC and the courts. The natural gas industry historically has been heavily regulated; therefore, there is no assurance that a more stringent regulatory approach will not be pursued by the FERC and Congress, especially in light of market power abuse by marketing affiliates of certain pipeline companies engaged in interstate commerce. In response to this issue, Congress, in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT), and the FERC have implemented requirements to ensure that energy prices are not impacted by the exercise of market power or manipulative conduct. EPACT prohibits the use of any manipulative or deceptive device or contrivance in connection with the purchase or sale of natural gas, electric energy or transportation subject to the FERCs jurisdiction. The FERC then adopted the Market Manipulation Rules and the Market Behavior Rules to implement the authority granted under EPACT. These rules, which prohibit fraud and manipulation in wholesale energy markets, are very vague and are subject to broad interpretation. Although the FERC has not issued any order interpreting these rules, it is likely that the FERC will give itself broad latitude in determining whether specific behavior violates the rules. In addition, EPACT gave the FERC increased penalty authority for these violations. The FERC may now issue civil penalties of up to $1 million per day for each violation of FERC rules, and there are possible criminal penalties of up to $1 million and 5 years in prison. Given the FERCs broad mandate granted in EPACT, it is assumed that if energy prices are high, the FERC will investigate energy markets to determine if behavior unduly impacted or manipulated energy prices.
Intrastate Pipeline Regulation
Our intrastate liquids and natural gas pipeline operations generally are not subject to rate regulation by the FERC, but they are subject to regulation by various agencies of the states in which they are located. However, to the extent that our intrastate pipeline systems deliver natural gas into interstate commerce, the rates, terms and conditions of such transportation service are subject to FERC jurisdiction under Section 311 of the NGPA, which regulates, among other things, the provision of transportation services by an intrastate natural gas pipeline making deliveries on behalf of a local distribution company or an interstate natural gas pipeline. Most states have agencies that possess the authority to review and authorize natural gas transportation transactions and the construction, acquisition, abandonment and interconnection of physical facilities. Some states also have state agencies that regulate transportation rates, service terms and conditions and contract pricing to ensure their reasonableness and to ensure that the intrastate pipeline companies that they regulate do not discriminate among similarly situated customers.
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Natural Gas Gathering Pipeline Regulation
Section 1(b) of the NGA exempts natural gas gathering facilities from the jurisdiction of the FERC under the NGA. We own certain natural gas pipelines that we believe meet the traditional tests the FERC has used to establish a pipelines status as a gatherer not subject to the FERC jurisdiction. State regulation of gathering facilities generally includes various safety, environmental and, in some circumstances, nondiscriminatory take requirements, but historically has not entailed rate regulation. In 2005, the FERC initiated an inquiry regarding the extent to which gathering (both offshore and onshore) systems, particularly those that have been previously transferred from a regulated entity should be regulated by the FERC. The inquiry is still open at this time. Further, some states have, or are considering, providing greater regulatory scrutiny over the commercial regulation of natural gas gathering business. Many of the producing states have previously adopted some form of complaint-based regulation that generally allows natural gas producers and shippers to file complaints with state regulators in an effort to resolve grievances relating to natural gas gathering access and rate discrimination. Our gathering operations could be adversely affected should they be subject in the future to the application of state or federal regulation of rates and services. Our gathering operations also may be or become subject to safety and operational regulations relating to the design, installation, testing, construction, operation, replacement and management of gathering facilities.
Sales of Natural Gas, Crude Oil, Condensate and Natural Gas Liquids
The price at which we sell natural gas currently is not subject to federal or state regulation except for certain systems in Texas. Our sales of natural gas are affected by the availability, terms and cost of pipeline transportation. As noted above, the price and terms of access to pipeline transportation are subject to extensive federal and state regulation. The FERC is continually proposing and implementing new rules and regulations affecting those segments of the natural gas industry, most notably interstate natural gas transmission companies that remain subject to the FERCs jurisdiction. These initiatives also may affect the intrastate transportation of natural gas under certain circumstances. The stated purpose of many of these regulatory changes is to promote competition among the various sectors of the natural gas industry. We cannot predict the ultimate impact of these regulatory changes to our natural gas marketing operations. Some of the FERCs more recent proposals may adversely affect the availability and reliability of interruptible transportation service on interstate pipelines. We do not believe that we will be affected by any such FERC action in a manner that is materially different than other natural gas marketers with whom we compete.
Our sales of crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids currently are not regulated and are made at market prices. In a number of instances, however, the ability to transport and sell such products is dependent on pipelines whose rates, terms and conditions of service are subject to the FERCs jurisdiction under the ICA. Certain regulations implemented by the FERC in recent years could increase the cost of transportation service on certain petroleum products pipelines. However, we do not believe that these regulations affect us any differently than other marketers of these products.
Other Regulation
The governments of the United States and Canada have, by treaty, agreed to ensure nondiscriminatory treatment for the passage of oil and natural gas through the pipelines of one country across the territory of the other. Individual border crossing points require U.S. government permits that may be terminated or amended at the will of the U.S. government. These permits provide that pipelines may be inspected by or subject to orders issued by federal or state government agencies.
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Tariffs and Rate Cases
Lakehead system
Under published tariffs at December 31, 2006 (including the tariff surcharges related to Lakehead system expansions) for transportation on the Lakehead system, the rates for transportation of heavy crude oil from Neche, North Dakota, where the System enters the United States (unless otherwise stated), to principal delivery points are set forth below.
|
|
|
Published |
|
|||
|
|
|
Tariff Per Barrel |
|
|||
|
To Clearbrook, Minnesota |
|
|
$ |
0.218 |
|
|
|
To Superior, Wisconsin |
|
|
0.437 |
|
|
|
|
To Chicago, Illinois area |
|
|
0.919 |
|
|
|
|
To Marysville, Michigan area |
|
|
1.102 |
|
|
|
|
To Buffalo, New York area |
|
|
1.129 |
|
|
|
|
Chicago to the international border near Marysville |
|
|
0.395 |
|
|
|
The rates at December 31, 2006 for light and medium crude oils and NGLs are lower than the rates set forth in the table to compensate for differences in the costs of shipping different types and grades of liquid hydrocarbons. We periodically adjust our tariff rates as allowed under the FERCs indexing methodology and the tariff agreements described below.
Base Rates :
The base portion of the rates for the Lakehead system are subject to an annual escalation, which cannot exceed established ceiling rates as approved by the FERC, and determined in compliance with the FERC-approved indexing methodology.
SEP II Surcharge :
Under the Settlement Agreement with CAPP that the FERC approved in 1996 and reconfirmed in 1998, we implemented a tariff surcharge related to our SEP II project. This tariff surcharge, which is added to the base rates, is a cost-of-service based calculation that is trued-up annually (usually in April) for actual costs and throughputs from the previous calendar year, and is not subject to indexing. The initial term of the SEP II portion of the settlement agreement was for 15 years beginning in 1999.
Terrace Surcharge :
Under the Tariff Agreement approved by the FERC in 1998, we also implemented a tariff surcharge for the Terrace expansion program of approximately $0.013 per barrel for light crude oil from the Canadian border to Chicago. On April 1, 2001, pursuant to an agreement between us and Enbridge Pipelines, our share of the surcharge was increased to $0.026 per barrel. This surcharge was in effect until April 1, 2004, when our share of the surcharge changed to $0.007 per barrel. Our share will remain at this level until 2010, after which time the surcharge will return to $0.013 per barrel through 2013, the term of the agreement. In addition to the Terrace surcharge, included in the 2005 tariff is the Terrace Schedule C adjustment. Under the tariff agreement, when Terrace Phase III facilities are in service, and annual actual average pumping exiting Clearbrook are less than 225,000 M 3 per day, an adjustment is made to the Terrace surcharge. In 2006, this adjustment is $0.041 per barrel, based on annual actual average pumpings exiting Clearbrook of 165,300 M 3 per day in 2005.
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Facilities Surcharge :
On July 1, 2004, the FERC approved a settlement with CAPP involving a Facilities Surcharge mechanism, which allows for the recovery of costs for enhancements or modifications to the system at shipper request and approved by CAPP. The Facilities Surcharge permits the Lakehead system to recover the costs associated with particular shipper-requested projects through an incremental surcharge layered on top of the existing base rates and other FERC-approved surcharges already in effect. Like the SEP II surcharge, the Facilities Surcharge is a cost-of-service-based tariff mechanism that is trued-up each year for actual costs and throughput and, therefore, is not subject to adjustment either upwards or downwards under indexing. In 2006, the Facilities Surcharge was $0.016 per barrel for light movements from the U.S./Canada border near Neche, North Dakota to Chicago. The Facilities Surcharge currently includes four projects that were agreed to with CAPP in 2004. Additional projects to be included in the Facilities Surcharge will be determined as the result of a negotiating process between management of the Lakehead system and CAPP.
On March 16, 2006, the FERC approved the Offer of Settlement filed by Enbridge on December 21, 2005, seeking approval for the Southern Access mainline expansion surcharge under the provisions of the previously approved Facilities Surcharge mechanism. The Southern Access mainline expansion centers on the construction of a new 42-inch diameter pipeline between Superior, Wisconsin and Flanagan, Illinois, along with associated upstream modifications to balance the expanded capacity created by the new Superior-to-Flanagan line.
On September 1, 2006, Enbridge filed an Offer of Settlement with the FERC seeking prompt approval for the Southern Access Extension surcharge. The proposed Extension is a new 36-inch pipeline which connects with the Southern Access Mainline Expansion pipeline at Flanagan to Patoka, Illinois, which allows Canadian producers and shippers to access the Patoka hub, where they can then access other refining centers. Under the framework that established the Facilities Surcharge already approved by the Commission, the proposed tolling methodology in the Offer of Settlement asked that the costs for the Extension be added to the existing base rates as a surcharge. A variety of benefits would accrue to shippers through the Extension, including a reduction in total tariff rates due to the higher utilization of upstream facilities and therefore reducing the net cost to shippers even if they do not ship on the Extension itself. The Offer of Settlement was opposed by three shippers and was rejected by the Commission on December 8, 2006, which stated that Enbridge did not submit adequate proof that the proposed pipeline would benefit all shippers. Enbridge still intends to continue with the development of the Extension and is exploring alternative tolling methodologies that would be supported by all shippers.
The Mid-Continent system is comprised of pipeline, terminaling, and storage infrastructure located in the U.S. Mid-continent region. Specifically the system originates in Cushing, Payne County, Oklahoma and offers transportation service to Wood River, Madison County, Illinois; West Tulsa, Oklahoma, other Mid-Continent system facilities, local area refineries, and other interconnected pipe non-affiliated infrastructure. The rates for the transportation of light crude oil from Cushing, Payne County, Oklahoma to principle delivery points are set forth below:
|
|
|
Published |
|
|||
|
|
|
Tariff Per Barrel |
|
|||
|
To Wood River, Illinois |
|
|
$ |
0.440 |
|
|
|
To West Tulsa, Oklahoma |
|
|
$ |
0.185 |
|
|
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The rates, at December 31, 2006 outlined above, apply to light crude only. Medium and heavy crude oil transportation rates on these systems are higher to compensate us for differences in the costs of shipping different types and grades of liquid hydrocarbons.
Where applicable, we periodically adjust our tariff rates as allowed under the FERCs indexing methodology. Currently, this methodology allows for an adjustment of rates equal to the PPI-FG +1.3%, which adjustment is made effective July 1 of each year.
Our North Dakota system consists of both gathering and trunkline assets. All gathering rates from points in North Dakota, Montana and Wyoming are $0.608 per barrel, and rates for transportation of light crude oil to principle delivery points via trunklines on our North Dakota System are set forth below:
|
|
|
Published |
|
|||
|
|
|
Tariff Per Barrel |
|
|||
|
From Renville, Bottinaeu, Burke, Ward and Mountrail Counties to Clearbrook, Minnesota |
|
|
$ |
0.740 |
|
|
|
From Sheridan and Williams County to Clearbrook, Minnesota |
|
|
$ |
0.847 |
|
|
|
From Sheridan County to Clearbrook, Minnesota |
|
|
$ |
0.871 |
|
|
|
From Sheridan County to Clearbrook, Minnesota |
|
|
$ |
0.906 |
|
|
|
From Ramberg/Beaver Lodge Station, North Dakota to Clearbrook, Minnesota |
|
|
$ |
0.763 |
|
|
|
From Williams County to Clearbrook, Minnesota |
|
|
$ |
0.967 |
|
|
|
From McKenzie County to Clearbrook, Minnesota |
|
|
$ |
1.002 |
|
|
The rates at December 31, 2006, outlined above, are subject to adjustment as allowed under the indexing methodology established by the FERC. Currently this methodology allows for an adjustment of rates equal to the PPI-FG +1.3%, which is made effective July 1 of each year.
Due to significant increases in crude oil production in the Williston Basin area of North Dakota and Montana, our North Dakota system has been under significant capacity apportionment during the past year. As a result, we submitted an Offer of Settlement to the FERC on August 14, 2006 to facilitate a two-stage expansion of our North Dakota system. Our Offer of Settlement has received wide support from current shippers on our North Dakota system. The settlement encompasses the expansion of our North Dakota system mainline between Minot, North Dakota and Clearbrook, Minnesota and the feeder line between Alexander and Beaver Lodge, North Dakota. The recovery mechanism is the implementation of two agreed-upon surcharges to be added to the existing base rates of our North Dakota system for a period of five years. The proposed surcharges are transparent, cost of service based tariff mechanisms that will be trued-up annually to reflect actual costs and throughput and will not be subject to index adjustments.
The expansion of our North Dakota system is expected to add approximately 30,000 Bpd of incremental capacity to the mainline, increasing the existing capacity to approximately 110,000 Bpd between Minot, North Dakota and Clearbrook, Minnesota. The expansion is also expected to add approximately 30,000 Bpd of incremental capacity to the feeder segment of the system, increasing the existing capacity to approximately 90,000 barrels per day, between Alexander and Beaver Lodge. We expect the total cost of completing the mainline and feeder expansions of the North Dakota systems to approximate $70 million.
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On October 31, 2006, the FERC approved the methodology of the proposed cost-based recovery mechanism outlined in the North Dakota Offer of Settlement on the grounds that it appears fair, reasonable and in the public interest.
Tariff rates on the FERC-regulated natural gas pipelines are approved by the FERC and vary by pipeline depending on a number of factors, including cost of providing service, throughput levels on the pipeline, and other factors. Competitive forces may prompt us to charge tariff rates below the FERC-approved maximum rate on our interstate systems. The rates charged for transmission of natural gas on pipelines not regulated by the FERC, or a state agency, are established by competitive forces.
Safety Regulation and Environmental
Our transmission and gathering pipelines and storage and processing facilities are subject to extensive federal and state environmental, operational and safety regulation. The added costs imposed by regulations are generally no different than those imposed on our competitors. The failure to comply with such rules and regulations can result in substantial penalties and/or enforcement actions and added operational costs.
Pipeline Safety and Transportation Regulation
Our transmission and non-rural gathering pipelines are subject to regulation by the United States Department of Transportation, or DOT, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) under Title 49 United States Code (Pipeline Safety Act, or PSA) relating to the design, installation, testing, construction, operation, replacement and management of transmission and non-rural gathering pipeline facilities. The PHMSA is the agency charged with regulating the safe transportation of hazardous materials under all modes of transportation, including intrastate pipelines. Periodically the PSA has been reauthorized and amended, imposing new mandates on the regulator to promulgate new regulations, imposing direct mandates on operators of pipelines.
On December 17, 2002 the PSI Act of 2002 was enacted reauthorizing and amending the PSA. The most significant amendment required natural gas pipelines to develop integrity management programs and conduct integrity assessment tests at a minimum of seven year intervals. Such tests can include internal inspection, hydrostatic pressure tests or direct assessments on pipelines in certain high consequence areas. The PHMSA has since promulgated rules for this and other mandates included in the PSI of 2002.
On December 29, 2006 the Pipeline Inspection, Protection, Enforcement, and Safety Act of 2006 (PIPES of 2006) was signed into legislation that further amended the Pipeline Safety Act. Many of the provisions were welcome, including strengthening excavation damage prevention and enforcement. The most significant provisions of PIPES of 2006 that will affect the Partnership, but not materially, include a mandate to PHMSA to remove most exemptions from federal regulations for liquid pipelines operating at low stress and mandates PHMSA to undertake rulemaking requiring pipeline operators to have a human factors management plan for pipeline control room personnel, including consideration for controlling hours of service.
We have incorporated the new requirements of the 2002 and 2006 PSA amendments into procedures and budgets and, while we expect to incur higher regulatory compliance costs, the increase is not expected to be material.
In September 2006, PHMSA proposed extending its regulatory oversight to include environmentally sensitive areas that are beyond the scope of its current jurisdiction. PHMSA currently has jurisdiction over
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rural gathering pipelines, low operating stress transmission pipelines that are located in high consequence areas and pipelines in urban areas or across navigable waters. We expect this proposed rule to become final by mid-2007 and do not expect the new mandates to have a material impact on our current systems. However, the PIPES of 2006 mandated that PHMSA go further and expand jurisdiction over all low stress pipelines, not just those in high consequence areas. We expect the PHMSA, therefore, to immediately issue another proposed rule for low stress pipelines, but until such rules are proposed, we are not certain of the effect or costs that the new requirements may have on our operations.
When hydrocarbons are released into the environment, the PHMSA can impose a return-to-service plan, which can include implementing certain internal inspections, pipeline pressure reductions, and other strategies to verify the integrity of the pipeline in the affected area. We do not anticipate any return-to-service plans that will have a material impact on system throughput or compliance costs; however we have the potential of incurring additional expenditures to remediate any condition in the event of a discharge or failure on the system.
Our trucking and railcar operations are also subject to safety and permitting regulation by the DOT and state agencies with regard to the safe transportation of hazardous and other materials.
We believe that our pipeline, trucking and railcar operations are in substantial compliance with applicable operational and safety requirements. In instances of non-compliance, we have taken actions to remediate the situations. Nevertheless, significant expenses could be incurred in the future if additional safety measures are required or if safety standards are raised and exceed the capabilities of our current pipeline control system or other safety equipment.
General. Our operations are subject to complex federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of health and the environment, including laws and regulations which govern the handling, storage and release of crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbon materials or emissions from natural gas compression facilities. As with the pipeline and processing industry in general, complying with current and anticipated environmental laws and regulations increases our overall cost of doing business, including our capital costs to construct, maintain, and upgrade equipment and facilities. While these laws and regulations affect our maintenance capital expenditures and net income, we believe that they do not affect our competitive position since the operations of our competitors are generally similarly affected.
In addition to compliance costs, violations of environmental laws or regulations can result in the imposition of significant administrative, civil and criminal fines and penalties and, in some instances, injunctions banning or delaying certain activities. We believe that our operations are in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations.
There are also risks of accidental releases into the environment associated with our operations, such as leaks or spills of crude oil, liquids or natural gas or other substances from our pipelines or storage facilities. Such accidental releases could, to the extent not insured, subject us to substantial liabilities arising from environmental cleanup and restoration costs, claims made by neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal injury and property damage, and fines, penalties, or damages for related violations of environmental laws or regulations.
Although we are entitled, in certain circumstances, to indemnification from third parties for environmental liabilities relating to assets we acquired from those parties, these contractual indemnification rights are limited and, accordingly, we may be required to bear substantial environmental expenses. However, we believe that through our due diligence process, we identify and manage substantial issues.
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Air and Water Emissions. Our operations are subject to the federal Clean Air Act and the federal Clean Water Act and comparable state and local statutes. We anticipate, therefore, that we will incur certain capital expenses in the next several years for air pollution control equipment and spill prevention measures in connection with maintaining existing facilities and obtaining permits and approvals for any new or acquired facilities.
The Oil Pollution Act (OPA) was enacted in 1990 and amends parts of the CWA and other statutes as they pertain to the prevention of and response to oil spills. Under the OPA, we could be subject to strict, joint and potentially unlimited liability for removal costs and other consequences of an oil spill from our facilities into navigable waters, along shorelines or in an exclusive economic zone of the United States. The OPA also imposes certain spill prevention, control and countermeasure requirements for many of our non-pipeline facilities, such as the preparation of detailed oil spill emergency response plans and the construction of dikes or other containment structures to prevent contamination of navigable or other waters in the event of an oil overflow, rupture or leak. For our liquid pipeline facilities, the OPA imposes requirements for emergency plans to be prepared, submitted and approved by the DOT. For our non-transportation facilities, such as storage tanks that are not integral to pipeline transportation system, the OPA regulations are promulgated by the EPA. We believe we are in material compliance with these laws and regulations.
Hazardous Substances and Waste Management. The federal CERCLA (also known as the Superfund law), and similar state laws, impose liability without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct, on certain classes of persons, including the owners or operators of waste disposal sites and companies that disposed or arranged for disposal of hazardous substances found at such sites. We may generate some wastes that fall within the definition of a hazardous substance. We may, therefore, be jointly and severally liable under CERCLA for all or part of any costs required to clean up and restore sites at which such wastes have been disposed. In addition, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by hazardous substances or other pollutants released into the environment. Analogous state laws may apply to a broader range of substances than CERCLA and, in some instances, may offer fewer exemptions from liability. We have not received any notification that we may be potentially responsible for material cleanup costs under CERCLA or similar state laws.
Employee Health and Safety. The workplaces associated with our operations are subject to the requirements of the federal OSHA and comparable state statutes that regulate worker health and safety. We have an ongoing safety, procedure and training program for our employees and believe that our operations are in compliance with applicable occupational health and safety requirements, including industry consensus standards, record keeping requirements, monitoring of occupational exposure to regulated substances, and hazard communication standards.
Site Remediation. We own and operate a number of pipelines, gathering systems, storage facilities and processing facilities that have been used to transport, distribute, store and process crude oil, natural gas and other petroleum products. Many of our facilities were previously owned and operated by third parties whose handling, disposal and release of petroleum and waste materials were not under our control. The age of the facilities, combined with the past operating and waste disposal practices, which were standard for the industry and regulatory regime at the time, have resulted in soil and groundwater contamination at some facilities due to historical spills and releases. Such contamination is not unusual within the natural gas and petroleum industry. Historical contamination found on, under or originating from our properties may be subject to CERCLA, RCRA and analogous state laws as described above.
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Under these laws, we could incur substantial expense to remediate such contamination, including contamination caused by prior owners and operators. In addition, Enbridge Management, as the entity with managerial responsibility for us, could also be liable for such costs to the extent that we are unable to fulfill our obligations. We have conducted site investigations at some of our facilities to assess historical environmental issues, and we are currently addressing soil and groundwater contamination at various facilities through remediation and monitoring programs, with oversight by the applicable government agencies where appropriate.
In connection with our acquisition of the Midcoast system from Enbridge, the General Partner agreed to indemnify us and other related persons for certain environmental liabilities of which the General Partner had knowledge. Pursuant to the contribution agreement related to this acquisition, the General Partner will not be required to indemnify us until the aggregate liabilities, including environmental liabilities, exceed $20.0 million, and the General Partners aggregate liability, including environmental liabilities, may not exceed, with certain exceptions, $150.0 million. We will be liable for any environmental conditions related to the acquired systems that were not known to the General Partner or were disclosed under the contribution agreement between the General Partner and us. In addition, we will be liable for all removal, remediation and disposal of all asbestos containing materials and all naturally occurring radioactive materials associated with the Northeast Texas system and for which the General Partner is liable to the prior owner of that system.
Although we believe these indemnities and conditions provide valuable protection, it is possible that the sellers from whom these assets were purchased will not be able to satisfy their indemnity obligations or their remedial obligations related to retained liabilities or properties. In this case, it is possible that governmental agencies or third party claimants could assert that we may be liable or bear some responsibility for such obligations.
Neither we nor Enbridge Management, have any employees. Our general partner has delegated to Enbridge Management, pursuant to a delegation of control agreement, substantially all of the responsibility for our day-to-day management and operation. Our general partner, however, retains certain functions and approval rights over our operations. To fulfill its management obligations, Enbridge Management has entered into agreements with Enbridge and several of its affiliates to provide Enbridge Management with the necessary services and support personnel, who act on Enbridge Managements behalf as its agents. We are ultimately responsible for reimbursing these service providers based on the costs that they incur in performing these services.
Our operations are subject to many hazards inherent in the liquid petroleum and natural gas gathering, treating, processing and transportation industry. We maintain insurance coverage for our operations and properties considered to be customary in the industry. Our coverage limits for property and business interruption, general liability, and polution liability insurance are expressed in Canadian dollars, or CAD, and vary from CAD $400 million to CAD $650 million, or US $343 to $558 million, for property and business interruption, general liability, and pollution liability insurance. The exchange rate of $0.8581 United States dollars, or USD, for each CAD represents the effective exchange rate at December 31, 2006. Insurance policy deductibles vary with coverage and as expressed in USD range from approximately $9 million, $0.1 million, and $2.2 million for property, general liability, and pollution liability, respectively. We can make no assurance, however, that the insurance coverage we maintain will be available or adequate for any particular risk or loss, or that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable. Although we believe that our assets are adequately covered by insurance, a
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substantial uninsured loss could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we are not a taxable entity. Generally, federal and state income taxes on our taxable income are borne by our individual partners through the allocation of our taxable income. Such taxable income may vary substantially from net income reported in our consolidated statements of income.
We file annual, quarterly and other reports, and any amendments to those reports, and information with the SEC under the Exchange Act. You may read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain additional information about the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including ours.
We also make available free of charge on or through our Internet website http://www.enbridgepartners.com our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other information statements, and if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with the SEC. Information contained on our website is not part of this report.
We encourage you to read the risk factors below in connection with the other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our financial performance could be adversely affected if our pipeline systems are used less.
Our financial performance depends to a large extent on the volumes transported on our pipeline systems. Decreases in the volumes transported by our systems, whether caused by supply or demand factors in the markets these systems serve, competition or otherwise, can directly and adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.
The volume of shipments on our Lakehead system depends heavily on the supplies of western Canadian crude oil. Insufficient supplies of western Canadian crude oil will adversely affect our business by limiting shipments on our Lakehead system. Decreases in conventional crude oil exploration and production activities in western Canada and other factors including supply disruption and competition can reduce the utilization of our Lakehead system. For example, in January 2005, deliveries on our Lakehead system were impacted by a fire at a Suncor facility. The volume of crude oil that we transport on the Lakehead system also depends on the demand for crude oil in the Great Lakes and Midwest regions of the United States and the delivery by others of crude oil and refined products into these regions and the Province of Ontario. Pipeline capacity for the delivery of crude oil to the Great Lakes and Midwest regions of the United States currently exceeds refining capacity.
In addition, our ability to increase deliveries to expand the Lakehead system in the future depends on increased supplies of western Canadian crude oil. We expect that growth in future supplies of western Canadian crude oil will come from oil sands projects in Alberta, Canada. Furthermore, full utilization of additional capacity as a result of our current and future expansions of the Lakehead system, including the
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Terrace expansion program, will largely depend on these anticipated increases in crude oil production from oil sands projects.
The volume of shipments on natural gas systems depends on the supply of natural gas and NGLs available for shipment on those systems from the producing regions that supply these systems. Volumes shipped on these systems also are affected by the demand for natural gas and NGLs in the markets these systems serve. Existing customers may not extend their contracts if the availability of natural gas from the Mid-continent, Gulf Coast and East Texas producing regions was to decline or if the cost of transporting natural gas from other producing regions through other pipelines into the markets served by the natural gas systems was to render the delivered cost of natural gas on our systems uneconomical. We may be unable to find additional customers to replace the lost demand or transportation fees.
Changes in our tariff rates or challenges to our tariff rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations; a recent FERC Policy Statement that limited allowances for income tax in an unrelated pipelines cost of service, if applied to our FERC-regulated systems, could adversely affect our rates.
The tariff rates charged by several of our existing pipeline systems are regulated by the FERC, or various state regulatory agencies. If one of these regulatory agencies, on its own initiative or due to challenges by third parties, were to lower our tariff rates, the profitability of our pipeline businesses might suffer. If we were permitted to raise our tariff rates for a particular pipeline, there might be significant delay between the time the tariff rate increase is approved and the time that the rate increase actually goes into effect, which delay could further reduce our cash flow. Furthermore, competition from other pipeline systems may prevent us from raising our tariff rates even if regulatory agencies permit us to do so. The regulatory agencies that regulate our systems periodically propose and implement new rules and regulations, terms and conditions of services subject to their jurisdiction. New initiatives or orders may adversely affect the tariff rates charged for our services. Some producing states, including Oklahoma and Texas, are considering legislation that would require rate and/or service regulation of gathering and intrastate transmission natural gas systems. Increased state regulation could adversely impact our natural gas systems.
The question of whether and to what extent an income tax allowance should be included in a regulated utilitys cost of service for rate-making purposes was a matter of uncertainty for a number of years. In a 1995 decision involving our Lakehead system, which we refer to as the Lakehead ruling , the FERC partially disallowed the inclusion of income taxes in the cost of service for the Lakehead system. A subsequent appeal of the Lakehead ruling was resolved by settlement and therefore was not adjudicated. In another FERC proceeding involving SFPP, the FERC initially relied on its previous Lakehead ruling to hold that SFPP could not claim an income tax allowance for income attributable to non-corporate partners, both individuals and other entities. SFPP and other parties to the proceeding appealed the FERCs orders to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. On July 20, 2004, in BP West Coast Products LLC v. FERC , which we refer to as the BP West Coast decision , the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit issued a decision upholding certain aspects of the FERCs orders regarding the SFPP case, but vacating the FERCs ruling regarding the proper tax allowance for SFPP. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia rejected the FERCs rationale for its Lakehead ruling and remanded the case to the FERC for further proceedings.
In the wake of the BP West Coast decision, the FERC initiated a notice and comment process to address tax allowance issues across a range of industries. We and many other companies commented on the proceeding. On May 4, 2005, the FERC issued a policy statement on income tax allowances, in which it reinstated its earlier policy of providing a full tax allowance on all partnership and similar legal interests in regulated companies if the owner of that interest has an actual or potential tax liability on the income earned through that interest. Whether a pipelines owners have such actual or potential income tax liability
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will be reviewed by the FERC on a case-by-case basis. On December 16, 2005, FERC issued its first case-specific oil pipeline review of the income tax allowance issue in the SFPP proceeding, reaffirming its new income tax allowance policy and directing SFPP to provide certain evidence necessary for the pipeline to determine its income tax allowance. The new tax allowance policy and the December 16 order have been appealed to the D.C. Circuit Court, and rehearing requests have been filed with respect to the December 16 order. As well as the SFPP decision, which is currently on appeal, there are two other cases with respect to tax allowance pending in the D.C. Circuit Court including Exxon Mobil Oil Corporation v. FERC and CAPP v. FERC.
The D.C. Circuit Court heard oral arguments on these cases on December 12, 2006. A decision is expected by April 2007. At this time, the ultimate outcome of these proceedings is not certain and could result in changes to the FERCs treatment of income tax allowances in cost of service. Whether the income tax allowance policy is ultimately upheld or modified on judicial review, could affect the tariffs of FERC-regulated pipelines.
A related issue is whether the FERCs income tax allowance policy can be relied upon by shippers as a substantial change in circumstances sufficient to remove the grandfathering protection under the EP Act from an oil pipelines rates. The FERC determined in the SFPP case that its policy statement on income tax allowances does not represent a change from its pre-EP Act policy and therefore, cannot affect grandfathering of rates, a position that is still potentially subject to further judicial review.
At this time, the effect of the FERCs policy statement on income tax allowances on us is uncertain. The tariff rates on our common carrier interstate liquids pipelines have been established under a variety of different circumstances including settlements and tariff indexing. It is anticipated that a change in the income tax allowance policy would only impact those rates that were established after indexing. Even with the indexed rates, the income tax allowance is only one of many elements supporting our pipeline rates for service. Accordingly, we cannot predict with certainty what rates we will be allowed to charge in the future, or the potential impact on us of a change in the FERCs policy statement on income tax allowances.
We believe that the rates we charge for transportation services on our interstate common carrier liquids pipelines are just and reasonable under the ICA. However, because the rates that we charge are subject to review upon an appropriately supported protest or complaint, we cannot predict what rates we will be allowed to charge in the future for service on our interstate common carrier liquids pipelines. Furthermore, because rates charged for transportation services must be competitive with those charged by other transporters, the rates set forth in our tariffs will be determined based on competitive factors in addition to regulatory considerations.
Competition may reduce our revenues.
Our Lakehead system faces current, and potentially further competition for transporting western Canadian crude oil from other pipelines, which may reduce our revenues. Our Lakehead system competes with other crude oil and refined product pipelines and other methods of delivering crude oil and refined products to the refining centers of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota; Chicago, Illinois; Detroit, Michigan; Toledo, Ohio; Buffalo, New York; and Sarnia, Ontario and the refinery market and pipeline hub located in the Patoka/Wood River area of southern Illinois. Refineries in the markets served by our Lakehead system compete with refineries in western Canada, the Province of Ontario and the Rocky Mountain region of the United States for supplies of western Canadian crude oil.
Our Ozark pipeline system could face a significant increase in competition if a proposed new pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta to Patoka is completed in 2009. However, if that situation occurs, we would consider potential alternative uses for our Ozark system.
We also encounter competition in our natural gas gathering, treating, processing and transmission businesses. A number of new interstate natural gas transmission pipelines being constructed could reduce
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the revenue we derive from the interstate and intrastate transmission of natural gas. Many of the large wholesale customers served by our systems transmission and wholesale customer pipelines have multiple pipelines connected or adjacent to their facilities. Thus, many of these wholesale customers have the ability to purchase natural gas directly from a number of pipelines and/or from third parties that may hold capacity on other pipelines. Likewise, most natural gas producers and owners have alternate gathering and processing facilities available to them. In addition, they have other alternatives, such as building their own gathering facilities or, in some cases, selling their natural gas supplies without processing. Some of our natural gas marketing competitors have greater financial resources and access to larger supplies of natural gas than those available to us, which could allow those competitors to price their services more aggressively than we do.
Our gas marketing operations involve market and certain regulatory risks.
As part of our natural gas marketing activities, we purchase natural gas at prices determined by prevailing market conditions. Following our purchase of natural gas, we generally resell natural gas at a higher price under a sales contract that is generally comparable in terms to our purchase contract, including any price escalation provisions. The profitability of our natural gas operations may be affected by the following factors:
· our ability to negotiate on a timely basis natural gas purchase and sales agreements in changing markets;
· reluctance of wholesale customers to enter into long-term purchase contracts;
· consumers willingness to use other fuels when natural gas prices increase significantly;
· timing of imbalance or volume discrepancy corrections and their impact on financial results;
· the ability of our customers to make timely payment;
· inability to match purchase and sale of natural gas on comparable terms; and
· changes in, limitations upon, or elimination of the regulatory authorization required for our wholesale sales of natural gas in interstate commerce.
Our results may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility and risks associated with our hedging activities.
We buy and sell natural gas and NGLs in connection with our marketing activities. Commodity price exposure is also inherent in gas purchase and resale activities and in gas processing. To the extent that we engage in hedging activities to reduce our commodity price exposure, we may be prevented from realizing the full benefits of price increases above the level of the hedges. Further, hedging contracts are subject to the credit risk that the other party may prove unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under such contracts. In addition certain of the financial instruments we use to hedge our commodity risk exposures must be accounted for on a mark-to-market basis. This causes periodic earnings volatility due to turbulent commodity prices.
Compliance with environmental and operational safety regulations, including any remediation of soil or water pollution or hydrostatic testing of our pipeline systems, may increase our costs and/or reduce our revenues.
Our pipeline, gathering, processing and trucking operations are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and operational and worker safety. Liquid petroleum and natural gas transportation and processing operations always involve the risk of costs or liabilities or operational modifications related to regulatory compliance as well as resulting from historical environmental contamination, accidental releases or upsets, regulatory enforcement, litigation or safety and health incidents. As a result, we may incur costs or liabilities of this type, or experience a reduction in
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revenues, in the future. We may also incur costs in the future due to changes in environmental and safety laws and regulations, enforcement policies or claims for personal, property or environmental damage. We may not be able to recover these costs from insurance or through higher tariffs.
Failure of pipeline operations due to unforeseen interruptions or catastrophic events may adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Operation of complex pipeline systems, gathering, treating, processing and trucking operations involves many risks, hazards and uncertainties, such as operational hazards and unforeseen interruptions caused by events beyond our control. These events include adverse weather conditions, accidents, the breakdown or failure of equipment or processes, the performance of the facilities below expected levels of capacity and efficiency and catastrophic events such as explosions, fires, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, landslides or other similar events beyond our control. A casualty occurrence might result in injury or loss of life or extensive property or environmental damage for which we may bear a part or all of the cost.
Our acquisition strategy may be unsuccessful if we incorrectly predict operating results, are unable to identify and complete future acquisitions and integrate acquired assets or businesses or are unable to raise financing on acceptable terms.
The acquisition of complementary energy delivery assets is a component of our strategy. Acquisitions present various risks and challenges, including:
· the risk of incorrect assumptions regarding the future results of the acquired operations or expected cost reductions or other synergies expected to be realized as a result of acquiring such operations;
· the risk of failing to effectively integrate the operations or management of acquired assets or businesses or a significant delay in such integration; and
· diversion of managements attention from existing operations.
In addition, we may be unable to identify acquisition targets and consummate acquisitions in the future or be unable to raise, on terms we find acceptable, any debt or equity financing that may be required for any such acquisition.
Our actual construction and development costs could exceed our forecast and our cash flow from construction and development projects may not be immediate which may limit our ability to increase cash distributions.
Our strategy contemplates significant expenditures for the development, construction or other acquisitions of energy infrastructure assets. Increased demand for the steel used to fabricate the pipe needed for our construction projects and increased competition for labor has resulted in increased costs for these resources. As a result, we may not be able to complete our projects at the costs currently estimated or within the time periods we have projected. If we experience material cost overruns, we will have to finance these overruns using one or more of the following methods:
· using cash from operations;
· delaying other planned projects;
· incurring additional indebtedness; or
· issuing additional equity.
Any or all of these methods may not be available when needed or may adversely affect our future results operations and cash flows.
Our revenues and cash flows may not increase immediately on our expenditure of funds on a particular project. For example, if we build a new pipeline or expand an existing facility, the design, construction, development and installation may occur over an extended period of time and we may not
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receive any material increase in revenue or cash flow from that project until after it is placed in service and customers begin using the systems. If our revenues and cash flow do not increase at projected levels because of substantial unanticipated delays, or other factors, we may not meet our obligations as they become due and we may need to reduce or reprioritize our capital budget, sell non-strategic assets, access the capital markets or reassess our level of distributions to unitholders to meet our capital requirements.
Measurement losses on our pipeline system can be materially impacted by changes in estimation, commodity prices and other factors.
Oil measurement losses occur as part of the normal operating conditions associated with our liquid petroleum pipelines. The three types of oil measurement losses include:
· physical losses, which occur through evaporation, shrinkage, differences in measurement between receipt and delivery locations and other operational incidents;
· degradation losses, which result from mixing at the interface between higher quality light crude oil and lower quality heavy crude oil in pipelines; and
· revaluation losses, which are a function of crude oil prices and the level of the carriers inventory.
Quantifying oil measurement losses is inherently difficult because physical measurements of volumes are not practical due to the fact that products constantly move through our pipelines and virtually all of our pipeline systems are located underground. In our case, measuring and quantifying oil measurement losses is especially difficult because of the size and scope of our pipeline systems and the number of different grades of crude oil and types of crude oil products we carry. Accordingly, we utilize engineering-based models and operational assumptions to estimate product volumes in our system and associated oil measurement losses.
Natural gas measurement losses occur as part of the normal operating conditions associated with our natural gas pipelines. The quantification and resolution of measurement losses is complicated by several factors including: 1) the significant quantities (i.e., thousands) of measurement meters that we use throughout our natural gas systems, primarily around our gathering and processing assets; 2) varying qualities of natural gas in the streams gathered and processed through our systems; and 3) variances in measurement that are inherent in metering technologies. Each of these factors may contribute to measurement losses that can occur on our natural gas systems.
The interests of Enbridge may differ from our interests and the interests of our security holders, and the board of directors of Enbridge Management may consider the interests of all parties to a conflict, not just the interests of our security holders, in making important business decisions.
Enbridge indirectly owns all of the stock of our general partner and all of the voting stock of Enbridge Management, and elects all of the directors of both companies. Furthermore, some of the directors and officers of our general partners and Enbridge Management are also directors and officers of Enbridge. Consequently, conflicts of interest could arise between our unitholders and Enbridge.
Our partnership agreement limits the fiduciary duties of our general partner to our unitholders. These restrictions allow our general partner to resolve conflicts of interest by considering the interests of all of the parties to the conflict, including Enbridge Managements interests, our interests and those of our general partner. In addition, these limitations reduce the rights of our unitholders under our partnership agreement to sue our general partner or Enbridge Management, its delegee, should its directors or officers act in a way that, were it not for these limitations of liability, would constitute breaches of their fiduciary duties.
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We do not have any employees. In managing our business and affairs, we will rely on employees of Enbridge, and its affiliates, who will act on behalf of and as agents for us. A decrease in the availability of employees from Enbridge could adversely affect us.
We are exposed to credit risks of our customers
For example our Bamagas system has agreements to provide transportation of up to 276,000 MMBtu/d of natural gas for a remaining period of 17 years to two utility plants that are indirectly owned by Calpine Corporation (Calpine). The Bamagas system receives a fixed demand charge of $0.07 per MMBtu of natural gas for 200,000 MMBtu/d, regardless of whether the capacity is used. In December 2005, Calpine and many of its subsidiaries, including the subsidiary that owns the two utility plants served by our Bamagas system, filed voluntarily petitions to restructure under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. In connection with the bankruptcy filing, Calpine has announced receipt of commitments for up to $2 billion of Debtor in Possession, or DIP financing to allow for the continued operation of its power plants. Our Bamagas system is the sole supplier of natural gas to these two utility plants, and we expect the subsidiary that owns these utility plants to continue performing under the terms of our agreement. Although we fully expect our customer to continue to meet its obligations to us under the terms of the transportation agreements, we are exposed to a potential asset impairment of up to $53 million, representing the book value of the pipeline, if the customer is unable to fulfill its commitments. In April 2006, Calpine announced its intent to sell approximately 20 of its non-core and non-strategic power plants, although the plants to be sold have not been announced. Calpine has continued to perform under the terms of its agreement with Bamagas and we remain confident that any losses we may incur with respect to Calpines bankruptcy will be minimal. We continue to monitor the Calpine bankruptcy proceedings and will recognize any losses that may result when it becomes evident that a loss has been incurred.
Canadas ratification of the Kyoto Protocol may adversely impact our operations.
In December 2002, Canada ratified the Kyoto Protocol, a 1997 treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 6% below 1990 levels. We and Enbridge are monitoring the Canadian federal governments approach to implementation. While the United States is not a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, other environmental protection initiatives have been implemented regulating certain priority pollutants. Revisions have been proposed to the U.S. Energy Act that would, if passed, expand the regulation of certain greenhouse gas emissions requiring a cap and establishing a trade to facilitate compliance. Such provisions would make natural gas pipelines the segment of the gas industry regulated by an amendment. While proposed legislation has not yet passed and as other legislation is being proposed the outcome is uncertain at this time. If and when these provisions pass the Partnership could be subject to additional costs to monitor and control emissions above and beyond current practices and permits.
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RISKS ARISING FROM OUR PARTNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH OUR GENERAL PARTNER AND ENBRIDGE MANAGEMENT
Our partnership agreement and the delegation of control agreement limit the fiduciary duties that Enbridge Management and our general partner owe to our unitholders and restrict the remedies available to our unitholders for actions taken by Enbridge Management and our general partner that might otherwise constitute a breach of a fiduciary duty.
Our partnership agreement contains provisions that modify the fiduciary duties that our general partner would otherwise owe to our unitholders under state fiduciary duty law. Through the delegation of control agreement, these modified fiduciary duties also apply to Enbridge Management as the delegate of our general partner. For example, our partnership agreement:
· permits our general partner to make a number of decisions, including the determination of which factors it will consider in resolving conflicts of interest, in its sole discretion. This entitles our general partner to consider only the interests and factors that it desires, and it has no duty or obligation to give consideration to any interest of, or factors affecting, us, our affiliates or any unitholder;
· provides that any standard of care and duty imposed on our general partner will be modified, waived or limited as required to permit our general partner to act under our partnership agreement and to make any decision pursuant to the authority prescribed in our partnership agreement, so long as such action is reasonably believed by the general partner to be in our best interests; and
· provides that our general partner and its directors and officers will not be liable for monetary damages to us or our unitholders for any acts or omissions if they acted in good faith.
These and similar provisions in our partnership agreement may restrict the remedies available to our unitholders for actions taken by Enbridge Management or our general partner that might otherwise constitute a breach of a fiduciary duty.
Potential conflicts of interest may arise among Enbridge and its shareholders, on the one hand, and us and our unitholders and Enbridge Management and its shareholders, on the other hand. Because the fiduciary duties of the directors of our general partner and Enbridge Management have been modified, the directors may be permitted to make decisions that benefit Enbridge and its shareholders or Enbridge Management and its shareholders more than us and our unitholders.
Conflicts of interest may arise from time to time among Enbridge and its shareholders, on the one hand, and us and our unitholders and Enbridge Management and its shareholders, on the other hand. Conflicts of interest may also arise from time to time between us and our unitholders, on the one hand, and Enbridge Management and its shareholders, on the other hand. In managing and controlling us as the delegate of our general partner, Enbridge Management may consider the interests of all parties to a conflict and may resolve those conflicts by making decisions that benefit Enbridge and its shareholders or Enbridge Management and its shareholders more than us and our unitholders. The following decisions, among others, could involve conflicts of interest:
· whether we or Enbridge will pursue certain acquisitions or other business opportunities;
· whether we will issue additional units or other equity securities or whether we will purchase outstanding units;
· whether Enbridge Management will issue additional shares;
· the amount of payments to Enbridge and its affiliates for any services rendered for our benefit;
44
· the amount of costs that are reimbursable to Enbridge Management or Enbridge and its affiliates by us;
· the enforcement of obligations owed to us by Enbridge Management, our general partner or Enbridge, including obligations regarding competition between Enbridge and us; and
· the retention of separate counsel, accountants or others to perform services for us and Enbridge Management.
In these and similar situations, any decision by Enbridge Management may benefit one group more than another, and in making such decisions, Enbridge Management may consider the interests of all groups, as well as other factors, in deciding whether to take a particular course of action.
In other situations, Enbridge may take certain actions, including engaging in businesses that compete with us, that are adverse to us and our unitholders. For example, although Enbridge and its subsidiaries are generally restricted from engaging in any business that is in direct material competition with our businesses, that restriction is subject to the following significant exceptions:
· Enbridge and its subsidiaries are not restricted from continuing to engage in businesses, including the normal development of such businesses, in which they were engaged at the time of our initial public offering in December 1991;
· such restriction is limited geographically only to those routes and products for which we provided transportation at the time of our initial public offering;
· Enbridge and its subsidiaries are not prohibited from acquiring any business that materially and directly competes with us as part of a larger acquisition, so long as the majority of the value of the business or assets acquired, in Enbridges reasonable judgment, is not attributable to the competitive business; and
· Enbridge and its subsidiaries are not prohibited from acquiring any business that materially and directly competes with us if that business is first offered for acquisition to us and the board of directors of Enbridge Management and our unitholders determine not to pursue the acquisition.
Since we were not engaged in any aspect of the natural gas business at the time of our initial public offering, Enbridge and its subsidiaries are not restricted from competing with us in any aspect of the natural gas business. In addition, Enbridge and its subsidiaries would be permitted to transport crude oil and liquid petroleum over routes that are not the same as our Lakehead system, even if such transportation is in direct material competition with our business.
These exceptions also expressly permitted the reversal by Enbridge in 1999 of one of its pipelines that extends from Sarnia, Ontario to Montreal, Quebec. As a result of this reversal, Enbridge competes with us to supply crude oil to the Ontario, Canada market.
We can issue additional common or other classes of units, including additional i-units to Enbridge Management when it issues additional shares, which would dilute your ownership interest.
The issuance of additional common or other classes of units by us, including the issuance of additional i-units to Enbridge Management when it issues additional shares and the issuance of additional Class C units, other than our quarterly distributions to you, may have the following effects:
· the amount available for distributions on each unit may decrease;
· the relative voting power of each previously outstanding unit may decrease; and
· the market price of the Class A common units may decline.
45
Additionally, the public sale by our general partner of a significant portion of the Class B common units or Class C units that it currently owns could reduce the market price of the Class A common units. Our partnership agreement allows the general partner to cause us to register for public sale any units held by the general partner or its affiliates. A public or private sale of the Class B common units or Class C units currently held by our general partner could absorb some of the trading market demand for the outstanding Class A common units.
We are a holding company and depend entirely on our operating subsidiaries distributions to service our debt obligations.
We are a holding company with no material operations. If we cannot receive cash distributions from our operating subsidiaries, we will not be able to meet our debt service obligations. Our operating subsidiaries may from time to time incur additional indebtedness under agreements that contain restrictions, which could further limit each operating subsidiarys ability to make distributions to us.
The debt securities we issue and any guarantees issued by the Subsidiary Guarantors will be structurally subordinated to the claims of the creditors of any of our operating subsidiaries who are not guarantors of the debt securities. Holders of the debt securities will not be creditors of our operating subsidiaries who have not guaranteed the debt securities. The claims to the assets of these non-guarantor operating subsidiaries derive from our own ownership interest in those operating subsidiaries. Claims of our non-guarantor operating subsidiaries creditors will generally have priority as to the assets of such operating subsidiaries over our own ownership interest claims and will therefore have priority over the holders of our debt, including the debt securities. Our non-guarantor operating subsidiaries creditors may include:
· general creditors;
· trade creditors;
· secured creditors;
· taxing authorities; and
· creditors holding guarantees.
Enbridge Managements discretion in establishing our cash reserves gives it the ability to reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our unitholders.
Enbridge Management may establish cash reserves for us that in its reasonable discretion are necessary to fund our future operating and capital expenditures, provide for the proper conduct of business, and comply with applicable law or agreements to which we are a party or to provide funds for future distributions to partners. These cash reserves affect the amount of cash available for distribution to our holders of common units.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR DEBT AND OUR ABILITY TO DISTRIBUTE CASH
Agreements relating to our debt restrict our ability to make distributions, which could adversely affect the value of our Class A Common Units, and our ability to incur additional debt and otherwise maintain financial and operating flexibility.
Our primary operating subsidiary is prohibited by its First Mortgage Notes from making distributions to us, and we are prohibited by our credit facility from making distributions to our unitholders, if a default exists under the respective governing agreements. In addition, the agreements governing our credit facility and our subsidiarys First Mortgage Notes may prevent us from engaging in transactions or capitalizing on
46
business opportunities that we believe could be beneficial to us by requiring us to comply with various covenants, including the maintenance of certain financial ratios and restrictions on:
· incurring additional debt;
· entering into mergers or consolidations or sales of assets; and
· granting liens.
Although the indentures governing our senior notes do not limit our ability to incur additional debt, they impose restrictions on our ability to enter into mergers or consolidations and sales of assets and to incur liens to secure debt. A breach of any restriction under our credit facility or our indentures or our subsidiarys First Mortgage Notes could permit the holders of the related debt to declare all amounts outstanding under those agreements immediately due and payable and, in the case of the credit facility, terminate all commitments to extend further credit. Any subsequent refinancing of our current debt or any new indebtedness incurred by us or our subsidiaries could have similar or greater restrictions.
TAX RISKS TO COMMON UNITHOLDERS
We may be classified as an association taxable as a corporation rather than as a partnership, which would substantially reduce the value of our Class A common units.
We could be treated as a corporation for United States income tax purposes. Our treatment as a corporation would substantially reduce the cash distributions on the common units that we distribute quarterly. Moreover, treatment of us as a corporation could materially and adversely affect our ability to make payments on our debt securities. The anticipated benefit of an investment in our common units depends largely on the treatment of us as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. Under current law, we are treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and do not pay any federal income tax at the entity level. In order to qualify for this treatment, we must derive more than 90% of our annual gross income from specified investments and activities. While we believe that we currently do qualify and intend to meet this income requirement, we may not find it possible, regardless of our efforts, to meet this income requirement or may inadvertently fail to meet this income requirement. Current law may change so as to cause us to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes without regard to our sources of income or otherwise subject us to entity-level taxation. If we were to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, we would pay federal income tax on our income at the corporate tax rate, which is currently a maximum of 35% and would pay state income taxes at varying rates. Under current law, distributions to unitholders would generally be taxed as a corporate distribution. Because a tax would be imposed upon us as a corporation, the cash available for distribution to a unitholder would be substantially reduced. Treatment of us as a corporation would cause a substantial reduction in the value of our units.
In addition, several states are evaluating ways to subject partnerships to entity-level taxation through the imposition of state income, franchise, or other forms of taxation. State tax legislation resulting in the imposition of a partnership-level income tax on us would reduce the cash distributions on the common units and the value of the i-units that we will distribute quarterly to Enbridge Management. The enactment of significant legislation imposing partnership-level income taxes could cause a reduction in the value of our units.
If the Internal Revenue Service does not respect our curative tax allocations, the after-tax return to our unitholders on their investment in our Class A common units would be adversely affected.
Our partnership agreement allows curative allocations of income, deduction, gain and loss by us to account for differences between the tax basis and fair market value of property at the time the property is contributed or deemed contributed to us and to account for differences between the fair market value and book basis of our assets existing at the time of issuance of any Class A common units. If the Internal
47
Revenue Service, which we refer to as the IRS, does not respect our curative allocations, ratios of taxable income to cash distributions received by the holders of Class A common units will be materially higher than previously estimated
The tax liability of our unitholders could exceed their distributions or proceeds from sales of Class A common units.
The holders of our Class A common units will be required to pay United States federal income tax and, in some cases, state and local income taxes on their allocable share of our income, even if they do not receive cash distributions from us. They will not necessarily receive cash distributions equal to the tax on their allocable share of our taxable income. Further, if we have a large amount of nonrecourse liabilities, they may incur a tax liability that is greater than the money they receive when they sell their Class A common units.
A unitholder may be required to file tax returns with and pay income taxes to the states where we or our subsidiaries own property and conduct business.
In some cases, a unitholder may be required to file income tax returns with and pay income taxes to the states in which we or our subsidiaries own property and conduct business, which are currently Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas and Wisconsin. In the future, we may acquire property or do business in other states or in foreign jurisdictions. In addition to tax liabilities to such state and foreign jurisdictions, the owner of a Class A common unit may also incur tax and filing responsibilities to localities within such jurisdictions.
Ownership of Class A common units raises issues for tax-exempt entities and other investors.
An investment in our Class A common units by tax-exempt entities, including employee benefit plans, individual retirement accounts, Keogh plans and other retirement plans, regulated investment companies and foreign persons raises issues unique to them. Virtually all of the income derived from our Class A common units by a tax-exempt entity will be unrelated business taxable income and will be taxable to the tax-exempt entity. Further, a unitholder who is a nonresident alien, a foreign corporation or other foreign person will be required to file a federal income tax return and pay tax on his share of our taxable income because he will be regarded as being engaged in a trade or business in the United States as a result of his ownership of a Class A common unit.
Our registration with the Secretary of the Treasury as a tax shelter may increase your risk of an IRS audit.
Because we are a registered tax shelter with the Secretary of the Treasury, a unitholder may face an increased risk of an IRS audit resulting in taxes payable on our income as well as income not related to us. We could be audited by the IRS and adjustments to our income or losses could be made. Any unitholder owning less than a 1% profit interest in us has very limited rights to participate in the income tax and audit process. Further, any adjustments in our tax returns will lead to adjustments in the unitholders tax returns and may lead to audits of unitholders tax returns and adjustments of items unrelated to us. Each unitholder is responsible for any tax owed as the result of an examination of their personal tax return.
48
Our treatment of a purchaser of Class A common units as having the same tax benefits as the seller could be challenged, resulting in a reduction in value of the Class A common units.
Because we cannot match transferors and transferees of Class A common units, we are required to maintain the uniformity of the economic and tax characteristics of these units in the hands of the purchasers and sellers of these units. We do so by adopting certain depreciation conventions that do not conform to all aspects of the United States Treasury regulations. An IRS challenge to these conventions could adversely affect the tax benefits to a unitholder of ownership of the Class A common units and could have a negative impact on their value.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
A description of our properties and maps depicting the locations of our liquids and natural gas systems are included in Item 1. Business, which is incorporated herein by reference.
In general, our systems are located on land owned by others and are operated under perpetual easements and rights of way, licenses or permits that have been granted by private land owners, public authorities, railways or public utilities. The pumping stations, tanks, terminals and certain other facilities of our systems are located on land that is owned by us, except for five pumping stations that are situated on land owned by others and used by us under easements or permits.
Substantially all of our Lakehead system assets are subject to a first mortgage lien collateralizing indebtedness of our Lakehead Partnership.
Titles to our properties acquired in the Midcoast system acquisition are subject to encumbrances in some cases. We believe that none of these burdens should materially detract from the value of these properties or materially interfere with their use in the operation of our business.
We are a participant in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these proceedings are covered, in whole or in part, by insurance. We believe the outcome of all these proceedings will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2006.
49
Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity and Related Unitholder Matters
Our Class A common units are listed and traded on the NYSE, the principal market for the Class A common units, under the symbol EEP. The quarterly price ranges per Class A common unit and cash distributions paid per unit for 2006 and 2005 are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
First |
|
Second |
|
Third |
|
Fourth |
|
||||
|
2006 Quarters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
High |
|
$ |
47.80 |
|
$ |
44.80 |
|
$ |
49.51 |
|
$ |
50.99 |
|
|
Low |
|
$ |
42.88 |
|
$ |
42.00 |
|
$ |
43.26 |
|
$ |
46.10 |
|
|
Cash distributions paid |
|
$ |
0.925 |
|
$ |
0.925 |
|
$ |
0.925 |
|
$ |
0.925 |
|
|
2005 Quarters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
High |
|
$ |
55.66 |
|
$ |
54.32 |
|
$ |
57.08 |
|
$ |
55.99 |
|
|
Low |
|
$ |
47.90 |
|
$ |
48.75 |
|
$ |
50.40 |
|
$ |
42.00 |
|
|
Cash distributions paid |
|
$ |
0.925 |
|
$ |
0.925 |
|
$ |
0.925 |
|
$ |
0.925 |
|
On February 21, 2007 the last reported sales price of our Class A common units on the NYSE was $52.58. At February 21, 2007, there were approximately 78,000 Class A common unitholders, of which there were approximately 2,000 registered Class A common unitholders of record. There is no established public trading market for our Class B common units, all of which are held by the General Partner, our Class C units, 50 percent of which are held by the General Partner and 50 percent of which are held by an institutional investor, or our i-units, all of which are held by Enbridge Management.
50
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following table sets forth, for the periods and at the dates indicated, our summary historical financial data. The table is derived, and should be read in conjunction with, our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto beginning at page F-1. See also Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
|
|
|
Year ended December 31, |
|
|||||||||||||||
|
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
|
2002 |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
(dollars in millions, except per unit amounts) |
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Income Statement Data: (2)(3)(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Operating revenue |
|
$ |
6,509.0 |
|
$ |
6,476.9 |
|
$ |
4,291.7 |
|
$ |
3,172.3 |
|
|
$ |
1,185.5 |
|
|
|
Operating expenses |
|
6,122.1 |
|
6,285.0 |
|
4,054.5 |
|
2,978.0 |
|
|
1,047.5 |
|
|
|||||
|
Operating income |
|
386.9 |
|
191.9 |
|
237.2 |
|
194.3 |
|
|
138.0 |
|
|
|||||
|
Interest expense |
|
(110.5 |
) |
(107.7 |
) |
(88.4 |
) |
(85.0 |
) |
|
(59.2 |
) |
|
|||||
|
Rate refunds |
|
|
|
|
|
(13.6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Other income (expense) |
|
8.5 |
|
5.0 |
|
3.0 |
|
2.4 |
|
|
(0.2 |
) |
|
|||||
|
Minority interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.5 |
) |
|
|||||
|
Net income |
|
$ |
284.9 |
|
$ |
89.2 |
|
$ |
138.2 |
|
$ |
111.7 |
|
|
$ |
78.1 |
|
|
|
Net income per limited partner unit (basic and diluted) (1) |
|
$ |
3.62 |
|
$ |
1.06 |
|
$ |
2.06 |
|
$ |
1.93 |
|
|
$ |
1.76 |
|
|
|
Cash distributions paid per unit |
|
$ |
3.70 |
|
$ |
3.70 |
|
$ |
3.70 |
|
$ |
3.70 |
|
|
$ |
3.60 |
|
|
|
Financial Position Data (at year end): (2)(3)(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Property, plant and equipment, net |
|
$ |
3,824.9 |
|
$ |
3,080.0 |
|
$ |
2,778.0 |
|
$ |
2,465.6 |
|
|
$ |
2,253.3 |
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
5,223.8 |
|
4,428.4 |
|
3,770.7 |
|
3,231.8 |
|
|
2,834.9 |
|
|
|||||
|
Long term debt,
excluding current
|
|
2,066.1 |
|
1,682.9 |
|
1,559.4 |
|
1,155.8 |
|
|
1,011.4 |
|
|
|||||
|
Loans from General Partner and affiliates |
|
|
|
151.8 |
|
142.1 |
|
133.1 |
|
|
444.1 |
|
|
|||||
|
Partners capital: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Class A common units |
|
1,141.7 |
|
1,142.4 |
|
1,021.6 |
|
914.9 |
|
|
604.8 |
|
|
|||||
|
Class B common units |
|
67.6 |
|
67.2 |
|
66.7 |
|
64.2 |
|
|
48.7 |
|
|
|||||
|
Class C units |
|
509.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
i units |
|
466.3 |
|
421.7 |
|
399.4 |
|
370.7 |
|
|
335.6 |
|
|
|||||
|
General Partner |
|
47.6 |
|
34.6 |
|
31.0 |
|
27.5 |
|
|
18.8 |
|
|
|||||
|
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |
|
(189.6 |
) |
(302.1 |
) |
(120.8 |
) |
(64.0 |
) |
|
(16.3 |
) |
|
|||||
|
Partners capital |
|
$ |
2,043.4 |
|
$ |
1,363.8 |
|
$ |
1,397.9 |
|
$ |
1,313.3 |
|
|
$ |
991.6 |
|
|
|
Cash Flow Data: (2)(3)(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Cash flows provided by operating activities |
|
$ |
321.6 |
|
$ |
267.1 |
|
$ |
245.4 |
|
$ |
148.2 |
|
|
$ |
200.8 |
|
|
|
Cash flows used in investing activities |
|
(867.0 |
) |
(437.1 |
) |
(419.1 |
) |
(431.0 |
) |
|
(557.2 |
) |
|
|||||
|
Cash flows provided by
financing
|
|
640.2 |
|
181.5 |
|
187.6 |
|
286.9 |
|
|
376.5 |
|
|
|||||
|
Acquisitions and capital expenditures included in investing activities, net of cash acquired |
|
(897.7 |
) |
(531.2 |
) |
(429.8 |
) |
(423.5 |
) |
|
(563.9 |
) |
|
|||||
Notes to Selected Financial Data:
(1) The allocation of net income to the General Partner in the following amounts has been deducted before calculating net income per unit: 2006, $30.9 million; 2005, $23.5 million; 2004, $22.5 million; 2003, $19.6 million; and 2002, $13.1 million.
51
(2) Our income statement, financial position and cash flow data reflect the following acquisitions and dispositions:
· April 2006, acquisition of a natural gas pipeline in east Texas;
· December 2005, disposition of assets on the East Texas and South Texas systems;
· January 2005, acquisition of the natural gas gathering and processing asset in north Texas;
· March 2004 acquisition of the Mid-Continent system;
· December 2003 acquisition of the North Texas system;
· October 2002 acquisition of the Midcoast system including natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines, and natural gas treating and processing assets in the Mid-continent and Gulf Coast regions of the United States;
(3) Our income statement, financial position and cash flow data include the effect of the following debt issuances:
· The December 2006 issuance of $300 million of senior unsecured notes;
· The September 2005 amendment of our credit facility to extend the letter of credit sublimit from $175 million to $300 million and increase the commitments available from $600 million to $800 million maturing in 2010, and the subsequent extension of the commitments available to $1 billion in March 2006.
· The April 2005 establishment of a $600 million commercial paper program;
· The December 2004 issuance of $300 million of senior unsecured notes;
· The April 2004 amendment of our credit facilities to terminate the 364-day revolving credit facility and increase the Three-year term credit facility to $600 million maturing in 2007;
· The January 2004 issuance of $200 million of senior unsecured notes;
· The May 2003 issuance of $400 million of senior unsecured notes; and
· The January 2002 replacement of the $350 million Revolving Credit Facility with a $300 million Three-year term credit facility and a $300 million 364-day Facility.
(4) Our income statement, financial position and cash flow data include the effect of the following limited partner unit issuances:
· The August 2006 issuance of approximately 10.8 million Class C units in equal amounts to our general partner and an institutional investor and subsequent Class C unit distribution of 0.2 million in lieu of cash distributions;
· The December 2005 issuance of 0.13 million Class A common units; the November 2005 issuance of 3.0 million Class A common units; and the February 2005 issuance of 2.5 million Class A common units;
· The September 2004 issuance of 3.68 million Class A common units; and the January 2004 issuance of 0.45 million Class A common units;
· The December 2003 issuance of 5.0 million Class A common units; and the May 2003 issuance of 3.9 million Class A common units;
· The March 2002 issuance of 2.3 million Class A common units; and
· The October 2002 issuance of 9.0 million i-units and subsequent quarterly i-unit distributions during 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, of 1.0 million, 0.8 million, 0.8 million, 0.8 million and 0.2 million, in lieu of cash distributions.
52
Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on and should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONSOVERVIEW
We provide services to our customers and returns for our unitholders primarily through the following activities:
· Interstate pipeline transportation and storage of crude oil and liquid petroleum;
· Gathering, treating, processing and transportation of natural gas and NGLs through pipelines and related facilities; and
· Providing supply, transportation and sales services, including purchasing and selling of natural gas and NGLs.
We conduct our business through three business segments: Liquids, Natural Gas and Marketing. These segments are strategic business units established by senior management to facilitate the achievement of our long-term objectives, to aid in resource allocation decisions and to assess operational performance.
Our Liquids segment includes the operations of our Lakehead, North Dakota and Mid-Continent systems. Each of these systems largely consists of FERC-regulated interstate crude oil and liquid petroleum pipelines. Our Mid-Continent system is also one of the largest above ground crude oil storage facilities in North America, with the majority of the capacity available for contract storage not subject to regulation by the FERC. Each of these systems generates most of its revenues by charging shippers a per barrel tariff rate to transport and store crude oil and liquid petroleum.
Our Natural Gas segment consists of natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines, including four FERC-regulated interstate natural gas transmission pipelines, as well as natural gas treating and processing plants and related facilities. The revenues of our Natural Gas segment are derived from the fees we charge to gather and process natural gas and the rates we charge to transport natural gas on our pipelines.
Our Marketing segment provides supply, transmission, storage and sales services to producers and wholesale customers on our gathering, transmission and customer pipelines, as well as other interconnected pipeline systems. Our Marketing activities are primarily undertaken to realize incremental revenue on gas purchased at the wellhead, increase pipeline utilization and provide other services that are valued by our customers.
Several types of arrangements in our Natural Gas and Marketing segments expose us to market risk associated with changes in commodity prices where we receive natural gas or NGLs in return for the services we provide, or where we purchase natural gas or NGLs. We employ derivative financial instruments to reduce our exposure to natural gas and NGL prices. Some of these derivative financial instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting under the provisions of SFAS No. 133, which can create volatility in our earnings that can be significant. However, these fluctuations in earnings do not affect our cash flow. Cash flow is only affected when we settle the derivative financial instrument.
53
The following table reflects our operating income by business segment and corporate charges for each of the years ended December 31:
|
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
|||
|
|
|
(in millions) |
|
|||||||
|
Operating Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Liquids |
|
$ |
199.8 |
|
$ |
127.3 |
|
$ |
139.1 |
|
|
Natural Gas |
|
133.9 |
|
110.5 |
|
98.1 |
|
|||
|
Marketing |
|
56.1 |
|
(42.4 |
) |
3.6 |
|
|||
|
Corporate, operating and administrative |
|
(2.9 |
) |
(3.5 |
) |
(3.6 |
) |
|||
|
Total Operating Income |
|
386.9 |
|
191.9 |
|
237.2 |
|
|||
|
Interest expense |
|
(110.5 |
) |
(107.7 |
) |
(88.4 |
) |
|||
|
Rate refunds |
|
|
|
|
|
(13.6 |
) |
|||
|
Other income |
|
8.5 |
|
5.0 |
|
3.0 |
|
|||
|
Net Income |
|
$ |
284.9 |
|
$ |
89.2 |
|
$ |
138.2 |
|
Summary Analysis of Operating Results
Liquids
Our Liquids segment contributed operating income of $199.8 million in 2006, or $72.5 million more than the $127.3 million contributed in 2005. The operating income of our Liquids segment in 2006 was affected by the following factors:
· Higher volumes on our Lakehead system following completion of the repair and expansion of a major oil sands plant that was damaged by fire in early January 2005, partially offset by higher power costs associated with the increased volumes;
· The annual index rate increase effective July 1, 2006, which increased our average tariffs;
· Longer transportation hauls on our Lakehead system; and
· Lower oil measurement losses.
Natural Gas
Operating income from our Natural Gas segment grew to $133.9 million in 2006 representing an increase of $23.4 million over the $110.5 million generated in 2005. The increased contribution of our Natural Gas segment is attributable to the following:
· Average daily volume on our major natural gas systems was 13 percent greater in 2006 than in 2005, due to continuing investments to expand the capacity of our three largest natural gas systems. The volume and revenue growth is also the result of additional wellhead supply contracts and robust drilling activity in the Anadarko basin, Bossier Trend and Barnett Shale. Also contributing to the increase in volumes is an 80-mile pipeline we acquired in April 2006 that is complimentary to our existing East Texas system and provided approximately 75,500 million British thermal units per day, or MMBtu/d, of incremental volume.
· Increased processing capacity from the expansion of our existing Zybach processing facility on our Anadarko system that we completed in the second quarter of 2006 and the construction of our Henderson natural gas processing facility on our East Texas system completed in the third quarter of 2006.
54
· Favorable commodity prices where NGL and crude oil prices remained high relative to natural gas prices, which have declined from the high prices reached in late 2005, contributed to improved results from our processing activities.
· NGL purchase, transportation and fractionation costs that are predominantly associated with prior years were corrected in 2006, partially offsetting the increased contribution to operating income discussed above.
· Also partially offsetting the improvements to operating income noted above are increases in operating and administrative costs that are mostly variable with the incremental volumes gathered, processed and transported on our systems and the workforce related costs we are charged for the additional resources and related benefits necessary to operate and support our existing assets and the expansion of our natural gas systems. Additionally, our repair and maintenance costs have increased due to additional pipeline integrity and other work we perform to maintain the service capability of our systems.
Marketing
Operating income from our Marketing segment increased in 2006 from operating losses for the comparable period in 2005. The change in operating income from 2005 to 2006 resulted from the following:
· Unrealized, non-cash mark-to-market net gains for 2006 of $64.5 million compared with non-cash mark-to-market net losses of $50.3 million for 2005. The gains resulted from the change in market value of our derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting;
· Partially offsetting the unrealized mark-to-market gains is a non-cash charge of $17.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, resulting from a lower of cost or market accounting adjustment to the cost basis of our natural gas inventory. The market price for natural gas in various storage locations experienced declines during the year from the prices at which the inventory was purchased. We use derivative financial instruments to fix the price of our forecasted sales of inventory and as a result we expect that a majority of this charge will be offset by future financial and physical transactions that will settle at the time we sell the inventory.
Derivative Transactions and Hedging Activities
We record all financial instruments in the consolidated financial statements at fair market value pursuant to the requirements of SFAS No. 133. For those derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting, all changes in fair market value are recorded through our Consolidated Statements of Income each period. The fair market value of these derivative financial instruments reflects the estimated amounts that we would pay or receive to terminate or close the contracts at the reporting date, although that is not our intent.
Declining natural gas prices during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, produced non-cash mark-to-market gains of $64.4 million and positively affected our operating results. Mark-to-market gains or losses create volatility in our results. The derivative financial instruments we have in place do not affect our cash flow until they are settled. We expect these non-cash gains or losses to reverse in future periods as we settle the derivative financial instruments against the underlying physical transactions. Because of the economic benefit we receive by minimizing the volatility in our cash flows by using derivative financial instruments to hedge our portfolio of natural gas and NGLs, we intend to continue using them. Our continued use of derivative financial instruments may result in additional unrealized, non-cash gains or losses in the future.
55
The following table presents the unrealized gains and losses associated with changes in the fair value of our derivatives, which are recorded as an element of Cost of natural gas in our Consolidated Statements of Income and disclosed as a reconciling item on our Statements of Cash Flows:
|
Derivative fair value gains (losses) |
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
(in millions) |
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Natural Gas segment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Hedge ineffectiveness |
|
|
$ |
(1.9 |
) |
|
|
$ |
(2.5 |
) |
|
|
$ |
(1.1 |
) |
|
||
|
Non-qualified hedges |
|
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
(5.6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Non-qualified hedges |
|
|
64.5 |
|
|
|
(41.3 |
) |
|
|
(2.1 |
) |
|
|||||
|
Discontinued hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9.0 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Derivative fair value gains (losses) |
|
|
$ |
64.4 |
|
|
|
$ |
(58.4 |
) |
|
|
$ |
(3.2 |
) |
|
||
De-designation and Settlement of Derivatives
In connection with the sale of assets in December 2005, as discussed in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-1 of this report, we settled for cash of approximately $16.3 million, natural gas collars representing derivative financial instruments on sales of 2,000 MMBtu/d of natural gas through 2011. We had previously recorded unrealized losses associated with the natural gas collars that were realized upon settlement. Additionally, we de-designated derivative financial instruments that qualified for and were designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted sales of 273 Bpd of NGLs through 2007 and contemporaneously closed out the position by entering into an offsetting derivative financial instrument, at market, on forecasted purchases of 273 Bpd of NGLs through 2007.
56
RESULTS OF OPERATIONSBY SEGMENT
Liquids
Our Liquids segment includes the operations of our Lakehead, North Dakota, and Mid-Continent systems. We provide a detailed description of each of these systems in Item 1.Business. The following tables set forth the operating results and statistics of our Liquids segment for the periods presented:
|
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
|||
|
|
|
(dollars in millions) |
|
|||||||
|
Operating Results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Operating revenues |
|
$ |
512.8 |
|
$ |
418.0 |
|
$ |
409.3 |
|
|
Operating and administrative |
|
141.3 |
|
144.2 |
|
128.9 |
|
|||
|
Power |
|
107.6 |
|
74.8 |
|
72.8 |
|
|||
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
64.1 |
|
71.7 |
|
68.5 |
|
|||
|
Operating expenses |
|
313.0 |
|
290.7 |
|
270.2 |
|
|||
|
Operating Income |
|
$ |
199.8 |
|
$ |
127.3 |
|
$ |
139.1 |
|
|
Operating Statistics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Lakehead system: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
United States (1) |
|
1,204 |
|
1,036 |
|
1,064 |
|
|||
|
Province of Ontario (1) |
|
313 |
|
303 |
|
358 |
|
|||
|
Total deliveries (1) |
|
1,517 |
|
1,339 |
|
1,422 |
|
|||
|
Barrel miles (billions) |
|
400 |
|
338 |
|
367 |
|
|||
|
Average haul (miles) |
|
722 |
|
692 |
|
706 |
|
|||
|
Mid-Continent system deliveries (1)(2) |
|
244 |
|
236 |
|
237 |
|
|||
|
North Dakota system deliveries (1) |
|
92 |
|
87 |
|
85 |
|
|||
|
Total Liquids Segment Delivery Volumes (1) |
|
1,853 |
|
1,662 |
|
1,744 |
|
|||
(1) Average barrels per day in thousands.
(2) Ten months of deliveries in 2004.
Year ended December 31, 2006 compared with year ended December 31, 2005
Our Liquids segment accounted for $199.8 million of operating income in 2006, representing an increase of $72.5 million over 2005. The favorable results of the Liquids segment assets reflect continuing growth in our transportation volumes while actively managing the costs of our services. The majority of this increase related to significantly improved results on our Lakehead system.
Operating revenue in 2006 increased by $94.8 million to $512.8 million, compared with $418.0 million in 2005. As indicated in the table above, total delivery volumes of our Liquids segment averaged 1.853 million Bpd in 2006, representing a 0.191 million Bpd increase from the 1.662 million Bpd delivered in 2005. This accounted for an increase in operating revenues of approximately $48.0 million. The increases in deliveries on our Liquids systems are primarily derived from increased production of Western Canadian crude oil delivered on our Lakehead system. The increases in deliveries are attributable to the following:
· Suncor, an oil sands producer in Alberta, Canada, experienced a fire at its upgrade site in January 2005, which affected production for the majority of 2005. In late September 2005, Suncor completed repairs and an expansion to its upgrader site. Suncors production levels have increased since that time.
57
· Conventional light, heavy crude oil and bitumen production have increased as existing and new facilities were commissioned during 2006.
· Syncrude, another oil sands producer in Alberta completed its Stage 3 expansion and initiated production on its Coker 8-3 unit in May 2006 enabling all Stage 3 units to be brought on line. However, shortly following start up, an ammonia leak resulted in its closure until August 2006. Additionally, as a result of a leak discovered in November, the Coker 8-2 unit was closed for turnaround into 2007. The Stage 3 expansion is designed to increase productive capacity from 250,000 Bpd to an average 350,000 Bpd of a light synthetic crude oil. Our deliveries in 2006 were marginally higher as a result of Syncrudes completion and start up of its Stage 3 expansion.
Contributing to the revenue growth of our Liquids segment are the increases in the average tariffs on all three of our Liquids systems. These tariff increases were partly the result of the annual index rate increase allowed by the FERC. On our Lakehead system, we increased our rates by an average of three percent. Also on our Lakehead system, new tariffs went into effect on April 1, 2006 for an adjustment on the Terrace expansion program surcharge due to lower than expected volumes moving on the Lakehead system, and new facilities in service, that were not operating during 2005. These tariff increases, along with the four percent increase in average hauls from 692 miles in 2005 compared with 722 in 2006 resulted in a combined increase in operating revenue of approximately $35.4 million.
Continuing volume growth related to our Mid-Continent storage terminal system in Cushing, Oklahoma, and El Dorado, Kansas, has resulted in an increase in operating revenue of approximately $6.8 million compared with 2005. Net capacity additions in 2006 bring the total storage capacity to 97 tanks and approximately 12.8 million barrels. This additional storage capacity is expected to provide ongoing fixed, variable, and spot storage revenue.
Operating and administrative expenses for 2006 were $141.3 million, or $2.9 million less than in 2005, primarily as a result of decreased oil measurement losses which are partially offset by increased workforce related costs and materials, supplies, and other general costs.
Workforce related costs increased due to the additional resources and related benefit costs we are charged for the operational, administrative, regulatory and compliance support necessary for our growing systems. Our general partner charges us the costs associated with employees and related benefits for personnel that are assigned to us or otherwise provide us with managerial and administrative services. The portion of compensation and related costs we are charged is dependent upon such items as estimated time spent, miles of pipe and headcount. We have experienced an increase in workforce related costs as a result of the growth and expansion of our Liquids system operations. We expect these costs will continue to increase in future periods as we continue to expand our Liquids system operations.
Materials, supplies and other, and Repair and maintenance costs were both higher in 2006 compared with 2005 due to higher pipeline inspection costs associated with our pipeline integrity management programs, increased outside contractor services, field inventory adjustments and other general costs.
Inventory adjustments include oil measurement losses, which occur as part of the normal operating conditions associated with our Liquids pipelines, include the following three elements:
· physical losses, which occur through evaporation, shrinkage, differences in measurement between receipt and delivery locations and other operational factors;
· degradation losses, which result from mixing at the interface between higher quality light crude oil and lower quality heavy crude oil in pipelines; and
· revaluation losses, which are a function of crude oil prices, the level of the carriers inventory and the inventory positions of customers.
58
During the fourth quarter of 2005, we identified certain operating conditions on connected third-party systems that were contributing to higher levels of physical losses on our Lakehead system. Improvements to our oil measurement processes have resulted in fewer physical losses during 2006 on our Lakehead and Mid-Continent systems. We expect these improvements to have a continuing positive impact on our oil measurement losses going forward.
Power costs increased $32.8 million in 2006, compared with 2005, primarily due to the increase in volumes transported on our Lakehead system and higher electricity rates we are charged by our power suppliers. We have experienced a trend of increasing electricity rates from our power suppliers due to higher natural gas costs.
We completed a depreciation study of the Lakehead system in the first quarter of 2006 that resulted in extending the composite remaining service life of the system assets from 21.5 to 26 years. The impact of the depreciation study was an $11.0 million reduction of depreciation expense for the full year of 2006.
Year ended December 31, 2005 compared with year ended December 31, 2004
Our Liquids segment accounted for $127.3 million of operating income in 2005, representing a decrease of $11.8 million or eight percent over 2004. Lower results on the Lakehead system were modestly offset by stronger results on our North Dakota system and a full twelve-month contribution from our Mid-Continent system compared with a ten-month contribution for the same period in 2004.
Operating revenue in 2005 increased by $8.7 million or two percent to $418.0 million, compared with $409.3 million for 2004. Our Mid-Continent assets contributed higher operating revenue of approximately $6.6 million for the additional two months of ownership in 2005 compared to 2004. Overall tariff increases and longer hauls on our North Dakota system were mostly offset by lower deliveries on the Lakehead system during 2005.
Average daily crude oil deliveries on the Lakehead system decreased approximately 6 percent, from 1.422 million Bpd during 2004 to 1.339 million Bpd during 2005. This resulted in lower operating revenue for 2005 of approximately $20.0 million. The decrease is the result of lower than expected crude oil supply in western Canada from three factors. First, Suncor, an oil sands producer in Alberta, Canada, had a fire at their upgrader site on January 4, 2005. As a result of the incident, Suncors production was reduced by an average of 89,000 Bpd during the first nine months of 2005. In late September, Suncor announced that repairs to the upgrader site and an expansion were completed and production capacity has increased as a result. Second, western Canadian crude oil supply available for delivery on our Lakehead system was also reduced during 2005 due to lower bitumen supplies. The nature of the cyclic steaming process used to extract bitumen from the ground can cause production timing differences during the year. Finally, during the second quarter of 2005, Kinder Morgan, Inc., an unrelated company, completed an expansion on its Express Pipeline system. The expansion increased capacity on this pipeline by approximately 108,000 Bpd. Given the volume commitments on the Express Pipeline expansion, coupled with the lower western Canadian crude oil supply as noted above, deliveries on our Lakehead system were negatively impacted for 2005. Management believes that holders of firm capacity on the Express Pipeline will first satisfy their commitments to that pipeline before moving incremental barrels on the Lakehead system.
Increases in average tariffs on all three Liquids systems resulted in higher operating revenue by approximately $17.6 million. These tariff increases were partly the result of the annual index rate increase of approximately 3.63% allowed by the FERC that became effective July 1, 2005, on our base system tariffs. On the Lakehead system, new tariffs also went into effect on April 1, 2005 for an adjustment on the Terrace expansion program surcharge due to lower than expected volumes moving on the Lakehead system. Longer hauls on our North Dakota system also contributed to higher average tariffs, as production in Montana continued to be strong during 2005.
59
Operating and administrative expenses for 2005 increased by $15.3 million to $144.2 million, compared with $128.9 million in 2004. The increase was attributable to the following factors:
(1) workforce related costs increased by approximately $6.9 million due to the additional resources and related benefit costs we are charged for the operational, administrative, regulatory and compliance support necessary for our growing systems;
(2) operating and administrative expenses on our Mid-Continent system increased approximately $2.9 million due to a full years ownership in 2005, compared with ten months in 2004;
(3) capital project recoveries were lower by approximately $2.8 million due to a decrease in utilization of our workforce on capital projects and a reduction in construction activity on our Liquids systems;
(4) oil measurement losses increased approximately $2.4 million.
Oil measurement losses occur as part of the normal operating conditions associated with our Liquids pipelines. During 2005, the increase in oil measurement losses was a function of the following two factors:
· Higher volumetric physical losses associated with changes in commodity properties and measurement, coupled with higher oil prices that made the monetary value of normal physical losses more expensive. During 2005, the average West Texas Intermediate crude oil price was approximately $56 per barrel compared with approximately $41 per barrel during 2004;
· Wider light/heavy crude price differentials made degradation losses more expensive. During 2005, light/heavy differentials were approximately $21 per barrel compared with approximately $14 per barrel in 2004.
Power costs increased $2.0 million, or three percent, in 2005 compared with 2004, mostly due to higher electricity rates and a full twelve-month contribution from our Mid-Continent system compared to ten months in 2004, partially offset by lower energy consumption related to lower Lakehead volumes. Power costs associated with the Mid-Continent system increased approximately $1.5 million in 2005.
Depreciation and amortization increased $3.2 million, or five percent, in 2005 compared with 2004. The increase is driven primarily by a full twelve-month contribution from our Mid-Continent system and an increase in the depreciable asset base on our Lakehead system in 2005.
Future Prospects for Liquids
Historically, Western Canada has been a key source of oil supply serving U.S. energy needs. Canadas oil sands, one of the largest oil reserves in the world, are becoming an increasingly prominent source of supply. Combined conventional and oil sands established reserves of approximately 179 billion barrels, compared with Saudi Arabias proved reserves of approximately 260 billion barrels. The National Energy Board, or NEB, estimates that total 2006 Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, or WCSB, production averaged approximately 2.3 million Bpd compared with 2.2 million Bpd in 2005. According to production forecasts by CAPP, Western Canadian crude oil production is projected to grow progressively from approximately 2.2 million Bpd in 2005 to 4.7 million Bpd by 2020. Conventional crude oil production is expected to decline from approximately 1.0 million Bpd to approximately 550,000 Bpd over the same period. The net increased production is expected to result from an estimated $82 billion of active or planned projects that are being developed in the oil sands. The projected growth in Western Canadian crude production will require construction of new pipelines to ensure new oil supplies can be transported to markets in the United States.
We and Enbridge are actively working with our customers to develop transportation options that will allow Canadian crude oil greater access to markets in the United States.
60
Partnership Projects
Southern Access
In conjunction with Enbridge, we announced in 2005 the approval of the 400,000 Bpd Southern Access expansion project, which received endorsement from CAPP, a trade association that represents a large majority of the Lakehead systems customers. We are undertaking the U.S. portion of the expansion on our Lakehead system and the first stage will add approximately 44,000 Bpd of capacity in 2007 and up to an additional 146,000 Bpd by early 2008. The project includes a new pipeline between Superior and Delavan, Wisconsin, along with pump station enhancements upstream and downstream of this segment. The second stage of the expansion project will provide additional upstream pumping capacity and a new pipeline from Delavan to Flanagan, Illinois, with completion expected in early 2009. Completion of the total Southern Access expansion project will create a 454-mile pipeline with approximately 400,000 Bpd of incremental capacity on our Lakehead system.
On March 16, 2006, the FERC approved an Offer of Settlement with respect to tariff principles for the Southern Access expansion, which were negotiated with CAPP. In July 2006, we obtained support from shippers and CAPP to increase the diameter of the new pipeline segments of the project from 36 inches, to which the previously negotiated tariff principles apply, up to 42 inches. The incremental capital cost of the larger diameter pipe is currently estimated at approximately $157 million, bringing our total estimated costs to approximately $1.3 billion. The larger diameter will not provide increased capacity in the near term but does increase the ultimate capacity of the line from 800,000 Bpd to 1,200,000 Bpd with expenditures for additional pumping equipment. This places us in a favorable position to secure future expansion opportunities for our Lakehead system. We will defer any return on the incremental capital until the additional capacity is required by shippers (see discussion of Alberta Clipper project below). In the interim, shippers will absorb all the incremental operating costs of the larger diameter line but will benefit from reduced power costs at higher throughput levels. Delivery of line pipe to the right of way has commenced to ensure full completion in early 2009.
Alberta Clipper
Based on forecasts of oil sands production growth prepared by Enbridge, as well as forecasts by CAPP, we believe that there will be a need for additional export pipeline capacity out of Western Canada over and above projects which have already received shipper support. Based on this analysis, as well as interest expressed by shippers, we and Enbridge are planning to develop the Alberta Clipper project. This project will involve construction of a 36-inch diameter heavy crude line from Hardisty, Alberta to Superior, Wisconsin in conjunction with additional pumping power applied to the Southern Access 42-inch pipe from Superior to Flanagan. We anticipate that our share of the cost of this project, as currently proposed, will approximate $0.8 billion in 2006 dollars, excluding both capitalized interest and the approximate cost of $157 million to prebuild Southern Access to 42 inches as discussed above.
Alberta Clipper was originally planned to be a contract carrier pipeline based on interest expressed by selected shippers in providing throughput commitments in return for assured access to capacity. Based on discussions with a broader group of shippers the preference is for Alberta Clipper to be a common carrier line fully integrated with the Enbridge/Lakehead mainline systems for tolling purposes. Enbridge anticipates finalizing commercial terms of the Alberta Clipper project with CAPP during the first quarter of 2007. To maintain the project construction schedule, CAPP has agreed to backstop initial capital costs of the Alberta Clipper project. Initial capital costs will include long-lead time items such as pipe, pumping equipment and rights of way. In the unlikely event the Alberta Clipper project does not proceed, CAPP will support the collection of the initial capital costs through the Partnerships normal FERC rate setting process. Alberta Clipper is expected to be in service between late 2009 and mid-2010.
61
North Dakota
Work is proceeding on our previously announced North Dakota system expansion. Three critical hydrostatic pressure tests have been successfully completed and the North Dakota Public Service Commission approvals have been obtained for all phases of the project. The expansion will add approximately 30,000 Bpd of mainline throughput capacity and expand the systems feeder segment by approximately 30,000 Bpd at an estimated cost of $70 million. The expansion is supported by increasing crude oil production from the Williston Basin in Montana and North Dakota and is expected to be completed in phases throughout 2007, with the final completion dates scheduled in the fourth quarter of 2007.
Superior and Griffith Storage
Due to forecasted production increases of synthetic heavy crude oil that we anticipate will be transported on the Enbridge/Lakehead mainline systems from Western Canada to Chicago, we are constructing additional crude oil storage tanks at Superior and Griffith to accommodate the anticipated volumes. We are building two tanks with an approximate capacity of 360,000 barrels each that are scheduled for completion in the first half of 2007, and two additional tanks each with an approximate capacity of 250,000 barrels each to be completed in the first half of 2008.
Cushing Terminal Storage
We continue to experience strong interest from customers in securing access to long-term contract storage capacity at our Cushing, Oklahoma terminal. During 2006, we obtained commitments and initiated construction of an additional 5.0 million barrels of storage tanks, 1.1 million barrels of which were completed in late December 2006. The addition of the remaining 3.9 million barrels of capacity during 2007, at an expected cost of $72 million, will bring our total terminal capacity to approximately 16.7 million barrels. This capacity will increase operational tankage available to support our Mid-Continent liquids pipeline systems, and available contract storage.
Enbridge and Other Projects
Spearhead Reversal
In another effort to provide shippers access to new markets, Enbridge acquired a pipeline that runs from Cushing to Chicago, Illinois. The pipeline, renamed Spearhead, began delivering Canadian crude oil to the major oil hub at Cushing in March 2006 and has ongoing capacity of approximately 125,000 Bpd. We have benefited from reversal of the pipeline due to Western Canadian crude oil being carried on our Lakehead system as far as Chicago, and then transferred to the Spearhead pipeline.
Pegasus Reversal
In April 2006, ExxonMobil completed the reversal of two of its crude oil pipelines allowing up to 66,000 Bpd of Canadian crude oil to flow from the U.S. Midwest to the U.S. Gulf Coast. The combined reversed pipeline is linked to our Lakehead system at Chicago via the Mustang Pipe Line Partners system to Patoka, Illinois. The Mustang Pipe Line Partners system is 30 percent owned by an affiliate of Enbridge. ExxonMobil has firm commitments from Canadian shippers for an average of 50,000 Bpd of capacity on the lines from Patoka, to Nederland, Texas for the next five years. The connection of our Lakehead system with this new market supports increased throughput on our Lakehead system; however, the reversed ExxonMobil system is also capable of transporting Western Canadian crude oil moved via other competing pipelines into the Patoka market.
62
Southern Access Extension
In July 2006, Enbridge announced that it received support from shippers and CAPP for its 36-inch diameter Southern Access Extension pipeline from Flanagan, Illinois to Patoka, Illinois. The extension will broaden the reach of the Enbridge/Lakehead mainline system to incremental markets accessible from the Patoka hub. The project is scheduled for completion in the first quarter of 2009 and will be undertaken by Enbridge; however, we will benefit through incremental volumes moving through our Lakehead system to reach this extension. The Offer of Settlement filed in September 2006 was rejected by the FERC because of its rolled-in toll design. However, support for the project remains high and Enbridge is working with shippers to prepare an alternative tolling structure to address the initial opposition. The second application is expected to be filed with the FERC in the first quarter of 2007 and will allow the project to proceed on schedule.
Southern Lights
During the third quarter of 2006, Enbridge completed a successful open season on its Southern Lights diluent pipeline from Chicago, Illinois to Edmonton, Alberta. The Southern Lights pipeline responds to interest from a number of western Canadian producers to increase the availability of crude oil diluent in Alberta. Diluent is required to transport the heavy oil and bitumen being produced in increasing volumes from the Alberta oil sands. The project involves the exchange of a 156-mile section of pipeline we own for a similar section of a new pipeline to be constructed as part of the project. We expect to benefit from increased heavy crude shipments, which will be facilitated by the diluent line. In addition, this project involves a reconfiguration of our light crude mainline system which will provide an additional 45,000 Bpd of effective capacity at no cost to us. This project is expected to be in service during 2010.
U.S. Gulf Coast Access
Shippers have indicated interest to Enbridge in the development of additional pipeline capacity to transport Canadian crude oil to the U.S. Gulf Coast, including the potential for a direct line from Alberta to the U.S. Gulf Coast. Enbridge is examining a number of alternatives to respond to this interest, including alternatives that would extend off our Lakehead system, utilizing either existing pipelines which could be connected and reversed, or newly constructed extensions. These alternatives would complement our Lakehead system and support its expansion. Enbridge has indicated that a direct line would require a minimum of 400,000 Bpd of throughput commitments to be economic, and could not be in service before 2011. A direct line, if developed by Enbridge or any other party, would compete with our Lakehead system.
Eastern PADD II Access
Enbridge has held discussions with several refiners in the eastern United States to gauge interest in supporting the development of a pipeline to provide incremental pipeline capacity to this market. The level of interest has increased significantly during the latter part of 2006. Enbridge is currently in discussions with interested parties to develop a pipeline to deliver at least 200,000 Bpd of incremental Canadian supply from the Chicago area to the eastern region of PADD II. This project would be complementary to the Partnerships mainline system.
The Partnership and Enbridge believe that the Southern Access Expansion Program, the Alberta Clipper Project, and other initiatives to provide access to new markets in the Midwest, Mid-continent and Gulf Coast, offer flexible solutions to future transportation requirements of western Canadian crude oil producers, and the in-service timing of these solutions is in line with prospective shipper needs.
63
Natural Gas
Our Natural Gas segment consists of natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines, as well as treating and processing plants and related facilities. Collectively, these systems include:
· approximately 11,000 miles of natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines including four FERC-regulated transmission pipeline systems;
· nine natural gas treating plants;
· seventeen natural gas processing plants; and
· trucks, trailers and railcars used for transporting NGLs, crude oil and carbon dioxide.
The following tables set forth the operating results of our Natural Gas segment assets and average daily volumes of our major systems in MMBtu/d for the periods presented:
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
|||
|
|
|
(dollars in millions) |
|
|||||||
|
Operating revenues |
|
$ |
3,020.7 |
|
$ |
2,352.1 |
|
$ |
1,319.9 |
|
|
Cost of natural gas |
|
2,601.1 |
|
2,018.7 |
|
1,031.8 |
|
|||
|
Operating and administrative |
|
215.4 |
|
175.0 |
|
138.3 |
|
|||
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
70.3 |
|
66.0 |
|
51.7 |
|
|||
|
Gain on sale of assets |
|
|
|
(18.1 |
) |
|
|
|||
|
Expenses |
|
2,886.8 |
|
2,241.6 |
|
1,221.8 |
|
|||
|
Operating income |
|
$ |
133.9 |
|
$ |
110.5 |
|
$ |
98.1 |
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
||||||
|
Average Daily Volume (MMBtu/d) |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
|
East Texas (1) |
|
1,019,000 |
|
860,000 |
|
676,000 |
|
||
|
Anadarko |
|
582,000 |
|
488,000 |
|
357,000 |
|
||
|
North Texas |
|
294,000 |
|
265,000 |
|
192,000 |
|
||
|
South Texas (1) |
|
|
|
33,000 |
|
40,000 |
|
||
|
UTOS |
|
181,000 |
|
158,000 |
|
219,000 |
|
||
|
Midla |
|
109,000 |
|
106,000 |
|
103,000 |
|
||
|
AlaTenn |
|
41,000 |
|
59,000 |
|
62,000 |
|
||
|
KPC |
|
29,000 |
|
31,000 |
|
48,000 |
|
||
|
Bamagas |
|
88,000 |
|
29,000 |
|
25,000 |
|
||
|
Other Major Intrastates |
|
158,000 |
|
186,000 |
|
176,000 |
|
||
|
Total |
|
2,501,000 |
|
2,215,000 |
|
1,898,000 |
|
||
(1) In December 2005, we sold the South Texas assets and a sour gas system in East Texas which had a combined average daily volume of approximately 55,000 MMBtu/d.
We recognize revenue upon delivery of natural gas and NGLs to customers, when services are rendered, pricing is determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured. We derive revenue in our Natural Gas segment from the following types of arrangements:
Commodity-based Arrangements:
We use several types of contractual arrangements to derive revenues for our Natural Gas segment. These arrangements expose us to commodity price risk, which we substantially mitigate with offsetting physical purchases and sales and by the use of derivative financial instruments to hedge open positions. We
64
will continue to hedge a significant amount of our commodity price risk to support the stability of our cash flows. Refer to Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskCommodity Price Risk and Note 15 of our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-1 of this report for more information about our derivative activities.
Our commodity-based arrangements are categorized as follows:
· Percentage-of-Index ContractsUnder these contracts, we purchase raw natural gas at a negotiated discount to an agreed upon index price. We then resell the natural gas, generally for the index price, keeping the difference as our fee.
· Percentage-of-Proceeds ContractsUnder the terms of these contracts, we receive a negotiated percentage of the natural gas and NGLs we process in the form of residue natural gas, NGLs, condensate and sulfur, which we then sell at market prices and retain as our fee.
· Percentage-of-Liquids ContractsUnder these types of contracts, we receive a negotiated percentage of NGLs and condensate extracted from natural gas that requires processing, which we then sell at market prices and retain as our fee. This contract structure is similar to percentage-of-proceeds arrangements except that we only receive a percentage of the NGLs and condensate.
· Keep-Whole ContractsUnder these contracts, we gather or purchase raw natural gas from the producer for processing. A portion of the gathered or purchased natural gas is consumed during processing. We extract and retain the NGLs produced during processing for our own account, which we sell at market prices. In instances where we purchase raw gas at the wellhead, we also sell for our own account at market prices, the resulting residue gas. In those instances when we gather and process raw natural gas for the account of the producer, we must return to the producer residue gas with an energy content equivalent to the original raw natural gas we received as measured in British thermal units, or Btu.
Under the terms of some of these contract structures, we retain a portion of the natural gas and NGLs as our fee in exchange for providing these producers with our services. In order to protect our unitholders from volatility in our cash flows that can result from fluctuations in commodity prices, we enter into derivative financial instruments to effectively fix the sales price of the natural gas and NGLs we anticipate receiving under the terms of these contracts. As a result of entering into these derivative financial instruments, we have largely fixed the amount of cash that we will receive in the future when we sell the processed natural gas and NGLs, although the market price of these commodities will continue to fluctuate during that time.
Fee-Based Arrangements:
We also use fee-based contract arrangements for services provided by our natural gas assets. Under a fee-based contract, we receive a set fee for gathering, treating, processing and transporting raw natural gas and providing other similar services. These revenues correspond with the volumes and types of services provided and do not depend directly on commodity prices. Revenues of the Natural Gas segment that are derived from transmission services consist of reservation fees charged for transmission of natural gas on the FERC-regulated interstate natural gas transmission pipeline systems, while revenues from intrastate pipelines are generally derived from the bundled sales of natural gas and transmission services. Customers of our FERC-regulated natural gas pipeline systems typically pay a reservation fee each month to reserve capacity plus a nominal commodity charge based on actual transmission volumes.
Year ended December 31, 2006 compared with year ended December 31, 2005
Our Natural Gas segment contributed $133.9 million of operating income in 2006, an increase of $23.4 million from the $110.5 million it contributed in 2005. The increase in operating income is primarily
65
attributable to favorable commodity prices which contributed to higher revenue generated by our processing assets in excess of the cost we incur for the natural gas used in processing. Additionally, operating income was higher due to volume increases on each of our three largest systems resulting from additional wellhead supply contracts and the expansion of our transportation and processing capacity. Partially offsetting the benefit provided by favorable volumes and commodity prices are expenses we recorded in 2006 of approximately $8.3 million for NGL purchases and transportation and fractionation charges that relate to prior years we had not previously recorded. Our 2006 volumes and operating results are exclusive of the volumes and operating results associated with our December 2005 sale of the South Texas assets and a sour gas system located on our East Texas system.
Average daily volumes on our major natural gas systems were up approximately 13 percent in 2006, compared with 2005. Increases in our volumes for 2006 are attributable to our ongoing investments to expand the capacity of our systems and services. Our investments in the following projects that were completed during 2006 contributed to the increase in the average daily volumes and operating results on our major natural gas systems:
· The link between our North Texas and East Texas systems became fully operational during the third quarter of 2006, increasing the utilization of our 500 MMcf/d East Texas intrastate pipeline that we placed in service in June 2005;
· Construction of our 120 MMcf/d Henderson natural gas processing facility on our East Texas system was completed at the end of the third quarter of 2006 and processed volumes of approximately 100 MMcf/d;
· The expansion of our existing Zybach processing facility on our Anadarko system to a capacity of 150 MMcf/d of natural gas from an initial capacity of 105 MMcf/d to meet the continuing demands resulting from rapid development in the Anadarko basin; and
· Acquisition of an 80-mile pipeline in April 2006 that is complimentary to our existing East Texas system that provided approximately 75,000 MMBtu/d of incremental volume.
In addition to the investments we have made to expand our volumes in the areas served by our natural gas assets, the volume and revenue growth is also the result of additional wellhead supply contracts and robust drilling activity in the Anadarko basin, Bossier Trend and Barnett Shale. We expect increasing volumes on our major natural gas systems to result from our continuing investments to expand the capacity of our systems.
Throughout a majority of 2006, we have experienced a favorable pricing environment with regard to our processing assets and our keep-whole processing. During 2006, NGL and crude oil prices remained high relative to natural gas prices which have declined from the high prices reached in late 2005. As a result of this favorable pricing environment, the revenue generated by our processing assets less the cost of natural gas used for processing was approximately $40 million greater than the amounts we realized in 2005. This increase includes the contribution to operating income derived from our keep-whole processing of $60.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, in excess of the $29.0 million generated in 2005 under this contract structure. Due to the volatility associated with commodity prices, the revenue less cost of natural gas we derive from our processing activities in future periods could be adversely affected if the pricing environment becomes unfavorable, which can occur if the prices for NGLs substantially decline and the price of natural gas significantly increases. We attempt to hedge a majority of our mandatory processing to minimize the effects volatility in commodity prices can have on our processing activities.
A portion of our Natural Gas segment is exposed to commodity price risks associated with the percentage of proceeds, percentage of liquids, and percentage of index contracts that we negotiate with producers. Under the terms of these contracts, we retain a portion of the natural gas and NGLs we process in exchange for providing these producers with our services. In order to protect our unitholders from the
66
volatility in cash flows that can result from fluctuations in commodity prices, we enter into derivative financial instruments to fix the sales price of the natural gas and NGLs we anticipate receiving under the terms of these contracts. We target to have approximately 70 to 80 percent of our anticipated near-term exposure to commodity prices hedged using derivative financial instruments. As a result of entering into these derivative financial instruments, we have largely fixed the amount of cash that we will pay for natural gas and receive in the future when we sell the processed natural gas and NGLs, although the market price of these commodities will continue to fluctuate during that time. Another significant portion of the revenue we receive is derived from fees charged for gathering and treating of natural gas volumes and other related services which are not directly dependent on commodity prices.
Operating income of our Natural Gas segment for the year ended December 31, 2006 includes unrealized non-cash, mark-to-market net losses of $0.1 million, including $1.9 million of losses resulting from ineffectiveness of our cash flow hedges and $1.8 million of gains derived from our derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. In 2005, our operating income was reduced by $8.1 million of unrealized, non-cash, mark-to-market net losses that we incurred, primarily from derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. The decline in our unrealized derivative fair value losses in 2006 is largely due to a decline in the current and forward prices of natural gas and NGLs during 2006 from the high levels reached in 2005 due to hurricanes Rita and Katrina that caused supply disruptions in the Gulf of Mexico resulting in a volatile pricing environment. Additionally, our unrealized derivative fair value losses in 2006 are lower due to our settlement in December 2005 for $16.3 million of natural gas collars on 2,000 MMBtu/d of natural gas through 2011 that did not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. The settlement of these natural gas collars reduces the quantity of derivatives outstanding that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment in our Natural Gas segment, effectively reducing the unrealized mark-to-market adjustments resulting from these derivatives in periods following settlement (refer also to Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskCommodity Price Risk and Note 15 of our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-1 of this report for more information about our derivative activities).
Operating and administrative costs of our Natural Gas segment were $215.4 million, or 23 percent, greater for 2006 than 2005, primarily as a result of increased workforce related costs, maintenance activities and other costs that are mostly variable with volumes. Workforce related costs have increased due to the additional resources and related benefit costs we are charged for the operational, administrative, regulatory and compliance support necessary for our existing assets and the expansion of our natural gas operations. Our general partner charges us the costs associated with employees and related benefits for personnel that are assigned to us or otherwise provide us with managerial and administrative services. The portion of compensation and related costs we are charged is dependent upon such items as estimated time spent, miles of pipe and headcount. In addition we have experienced an increase in outside contract labor cost, given the high demand and competitive rates within our industry as a result of continuous pipeline expansions across the areas we serve. We anticipate that our workforce related costs will continue to increase as we expand our natural gas operations.
The increase in our Materials, supplies and other costs along with our Repair and maintenance costs are predominantly related to the increase in volumes and expansion of our natural gas systems. Materials, supplies and other costs include chemicals used in our processing activities, materials purchased for repair and maintenance purposes, utility costs to run our plants, pumps and other similar costs that are mostly variable with volumes. These costs were partially offset by the sale of our South Texas assets and a sour gas system located on our East Texas system in December 2005, which contributed to the decrease in Materials, supplies and other costs compared with 2005. Repair and maintenance costs include compressor maintenance, downtime for routine and unscheduled maintenance, pipeline integrity costs and other similar items that have increased with the expansion of our existing natural gas systems. During 2006, we
67
spent approximately $10.1 million, the majority of which was in the fourth quarter of 2006, on pipeline integrity work in connection with our ongoing pipeline integrity management program in order to comply with regulatory guidance and maintain our existing pipeline integrity standards. We anticipate these costs will continue to increase as we expand our systems and increase the volumes of natural gas services we provide.
Our other operating and administrative costs include rents and leases which primarily relate to compressor rentals, property taxes and other costs. These additional operating and administrative costs tend to vary in relation to the natural gas volumes moving on our systems or in relation to the expansion of our natural gas operations. We anticipate these costs will continue to increase as the volumes on our systems increase and we expand our systems.
We expect our operating and administrative costs will continue to increase in future periods as greater volumes of natural gas flow through our systems and we continue to expand our natural gas operations.
Our depreciation and amortization expense for the year 2006 exceeded the amount reported for 2005 by approximately $4.3 million, primarily as a result of capital projects completed and placed in-service during 2006 and projects completed in 2005 that were only depreciated for a partial year. The increase in depreciation expense was partially offset by modest extensions of the depreciable lives of our major natural gas systems based on a third-party study commissioned by management that was completed in the third quarter of 2005. As a result of this study, revised depreciation rates for the Anadarko, North Texas and East Texas systems were implemented effective August 1, 2005. The annual composite rate, which represents the expected remaining service life of these natural gas systems, was reduced from 4.0% to 3.4%. As a result, our depreciation expense was approximately $3.5 million and $2.5 million lower for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, than if these rates had not been reduced. Additionally, we revised our depreciation rates for a portion of our FERC-regulated natural gas assets effective July 1, 2006, to reflect a decrease in the remaining service life of these natural gas assets. Depreciation expense was approximately $1.3 million higher for the year ended December 31, 2006, as a result of this decrease in the expected remaining service life of these assets.
Year ended December 31, 2005 compared with year ended December 31, 2004
Our Natural Gas segment contributed $110.5 million of operating income in 2005, representing an increase of $12.4 million from the $98.1 million earned in 2004. Increased drilling by producers contributed to average daily volume increases of 17 percent in 2005 on our major natural gas systems compared with 2004. The increase in volumes is primarily the result of additional wellhead supply contracts on our East Texas and Anadarko systems, as well as the additional volumes on the North Texas system associated with the gathering and processing assets we acquired in January 2005. Drilling activity continues to increase in the Anadarko Basin, Bossier Trend and Barnett Shale areas as evidenced by increasing rig counts and production volumes over the past several years. Additionally, completion of the East Texas expansion project in late June 2005 contributed modestly to the growth in volumes for the year 2005. With continued investment in our systems to expand capacity, we expect our major natural gas systems to benefit from the increase in production volumes expected to result from the continuing increase in drilling activities in the basins we serve.
Partially offsetting the positive operating results derived from the increases in gathering, processing and transportation volumes on our natural gas systems were non-cash, mark-to-market net losses of $8.1 million associated with our derivative transactions and hedging activities. Included in Cost of natural gas are non-cash losses of $2.5 million resulting from ineffectiveness associated with our qualified cash flow hedges and $5.6 million of non-cash mark-to-market losses from derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. The non-cash losses primarily result from the significant increases in forward natural gas and NGL prices during the year. The increase in prices
68
reduces the fair market value of these derivative financial instruments because the fixed price component of these derivatives is significantly less than the market price of natural gas at each of the forward settlement points.
Also included in our operating results for the year ended December 31, 2005 is a gain of $18.1 million we realized in December 2005, when we divested non-strategic assets located within our East and South Texas systems. We sold for $105.4 million in cash, a processing plant and related facilities, and other gathering and processing assets with a carrying value of approximately $86.9 million. We incurred selling costs of approximately $0.4 million. In connection with this sale, we paid approximately $16.3 million to settle natural gas hedges associated with the natural gas produced by these assets. We had previously recorded unrealized losses associated with the natural gas hedges that were realized upon settlement.
A variable element of the Natural Gas segments operating income is derived from keep-whole processing of natural gas primarily on our Anadarko and East Texas systems. This contract structure requires us to process natural gas at times when it may not be economical to do so. This can happen when natural gas prices are unusually high or NGL prices are unusually low. During 2005, although natural gas prices were unusually high, they were more than offset by favorable NGL prices. Operating revenue less cost of natural gas derived from keep-whole processing for the year 2005 was approximately $29.0 million compared with $17.2 million in 2004.
Operating and administrative costs of our Natural Gas segment were $175.0 million, or 27 percent greater for 2005 than 2004, primarily as a result of increased workforce related costs and costs that are variable with volumes. Workforce related costs increased $11.8 million due to higher pension, medical and other benefits, as well as additional administrative, regulatory and compliance support. Costs that are incremental with volumes, such as chemicals, materials and supplies and direct workforce expenses increased by $10.5 million. Additionally, the natural gas gathering and processing assets we acquired in January 2005 contributed to the cost increases of approximately $7.2 million. As well, our maintenance costs increased by approximately $4.9 million in 2005 due to several processing plants that underwent major repairs, one of which was included with the recently divested assets.
Our depreciation and amortization expense for the year 2005 exceeded the amount reported for 2004 by approximately $14.3 million, primarily as a result of acquisitions and significant capital projects completed and placed in-service during 2005. The increase in depreciation expense was partially offset by modest extensions of the depreciable lives of our major pipeline systems as a result of a depreciation study completed during the third quarter of 2005. Based on a third-party study commissioned by management, revised depreciation rates for the Anadarko, North Texas and East Texas systems were implemented effective August 1, 2005. The annual composite rate, which represents the expected remaining service life of these natural gas systems, was reduced from 4.0% to 3.4%. Depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2005 was approximately $2.5 million lower as a result of the new depreciation rates.
Future Prospects for Natural Gas
Our natural gas assets are located in the Gulf Coast and Mid-continent regions of the United States, two of the premier natural gas producing areas. As a result, there are many opportunities to connect new natural gas supplies either by installing new facilities or acquiring adjacent third-party gathering operations. Consolidation with neighboring facilities will extract efficiencies by eliminating costs, for example, by combining redundant facilities, increasing volume, and increasing processing margins. These opportunities tend to involve modest amounts of capital with attractive rates of return.
Although we continue to assess various acquisition and expansion opportunities to pursue our strategy for growth, the market for acquiring energy transportation assets continues to remain active and significant competition persists among prospective acquirers of assets. While we remain committed to making accretive acquisitions in or near areas where we already operate or have a competitive advantage, we will
69
continue to focus our efforts primarily on development of our existing pipeline systems. Although one of our objectives is to grow our natural gas business through acquisitions, we may and have pursued opportunities to divest any non-strategic natural gas assets as conditions warrant.
Results of our natural gas gathering and processing business depend upon the drilling activities of natural gas producers in the areas we serve. During 2006, increased drilling in the areas where our gathering systems are located has generally contributed to our volume growth. We expect the growth trend in these areas to continue in the future as evidenced by third-party reserve studies and the increase in rig counts in the areas served by our systems. Continuing advances in seismic and drilling completion technology, along with robust energy prices, have been key drivers for the higher drilling activity levels in such areas as the tight gas and gas shale locations of the Mid-Continent and East Texas. Other advances in drilling technology are enabling producers to more economically extract natural gas from wells and increase well productivity.
One of the prominent areas in which this is occurring is the Barnett Shale play in North Texas. The Barnett Shale is a prominent natural gas formation within the Fort Worth Basin, and it is being actively developed. The formation production has risen from approximately 110 MMcf/d to over 1,800 MMcf/d since 1999, with the drilling of over 5,200 wells. We anticipate that throughput on the North Texas system will increase modestly in each of the next several years as a result of Barnett Shale development. To accommodate anticipated growth in the region we have commenced construction of two new gas processing plants totaling approximately 75 MMcf/d of capacity and related upstream facilities. These facilities are expected to become operational in the second and fourth quarters of 2007.
Our Anadarko system continues to experience considerable growth as a result of the rapid development of the Granite Wash play in Hemphill and Wheeler counties in Texas. We are continuing to make progress in increasing processing capacity and field compression in the region from 230 MMcf/d at December 31, 2005 to approximately 440 MMcf/d to accommodate the volume growth. We have added approximately 70 MMcf/d of processing capacity during 2006 and expect to place 155 MMcf/d of additional processing capacity as well as field compression in service during 2007.
Producer drilling plans in regional plays, in the areas served by our gas assets, are expected to result in continued production growth. To accommodate this further growth we initiated construction on several projects during 2006 to increase our gathering and treating infrastructure and market access capability. These projects continue to progress according to schedule and include:
· Our expansion and extension of our East Texas natural gas system includes construction of a 36-inch diameter intrastate pipeline from Bethel, Texas to Orange County, Texas with capacity of approximately 700 MMcf/d. We expect to complete this project in stages throughout 2007. The new pipeline will provide service to a number of major industrial companies in Southeast Texas and will cross a number of interstate pipelines. We continue to secure additional commitments for capacity on the pipeline. We currently anticipate the expansion project will cost approximately $610 million.
· As part of our East Texas expansion project we are adding a 200 MMcf/d treating facility to be built near Marquez, Texas which will be connected to the 36-inch diameter intrastate pipeline via a new 24-inch diameter pipeline. We expect the plant to be completed and operating in the first quarter of 2007.
· Expansion of our sour gas treating capacity on the East Texas system will increase the total sulfur capacity in the first half of 2007 from 72.5 tons per day (tpd) to 125 tpd by early 2008, in order to handle additional sour gas supply and higher concentration levels of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S).
· Installation of additional processing plants to enable the East Texas system to meet the increasingly more stringent pipeline gas quality specifications by late 2007.
70
· The installation of two processing plants to expand the processing capability of our North Texas system, with processing capacities of 35 MMcf/d and 40 MMcf/d, to be fully operational in early 2007.
When fully operational in late 2007, the new assets we are constructing will provide additional sources of stable cash flow for us. We continue to evaluate other projects that could further integrate our major Texas-centered pipeline systems.
A number of new interstate natural gas transportation pipelines are being constructed that may alter the landscape for interstate transportation of natural gas. Although a majority of our Natural Gas segment revenues are derived from the gathering, processing and intrastate transportation of natural gas, these newly constructed pipelines could affect the operating results of our existing market-based interstate and intrastate natural gas pipelines. Conversely, our supply based gathering systems may benefit from enhanced capacity out of our gathering areas.
Other Matters
Our Bamagas system has agreements to provide transportation of up to 276,000 MMbtu/d of natural gas for a remaining period of 17 years to two utility plants that are indirectly owned by Calpine Corporation (Calpine). Calpine is the sole customer served by the Bamagas system. The Bamagas system receives a fixed demand charge of $0.07 per MMBtu of natural gas for 200,000 MMBtu/d, regardless of whether the capacity is used. In December 2005, Calpine and many of its subsidiaries, including the subsidiary that owns the two utility plants served by our Bamagas system, filed voluntarily petitions to restructure under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. In connection with the bankruptcy filing, Calpine has announced receipt of commitments for up to $2 billion of Debtor in Possession, or DIP, financing to allow for the continued operation of its power plants. Our Bamagas system is the sole supplier of natural gas to these two utility plants, and we expect the subsidiary that owns these utility plants to continue performing under the terms of our agreement. Due to the recent nature of the bankruptcy filing, we are unable to determine the extent of any losses to which we may be subject as a result of the bankruptcy. In April 2006, Calpine announced its intent to sell approximately 20 of its non-core and non-strategic power plants, although all of the plants to be sold have not been announced. Calpine has continued to perform under the terms of its agreement with Bamagas and we remain confident that any losses we may incur with respect to Calpines bankruptcy will be minimal. We continue to monitor the Calpine bankruptcy proceedings and will recognize any losses that may result when it becomes evident that a loss has been incurred.
Marketing
The following table sets forth the operating results for the Marketing segment assets for the periods presented:
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
|||
|
|
|
(dollars in millions) |
|
|||||||
|
Operating revenues |
|
$ |
2,975.5 |
|
$ |
3,706.8 |
|
$ |
2,562.5 |
|
|
Cost of natural gas |
|
2,913.5 |
|
3,744.6 |
|
2,555.3 |
|
|||
|
Operating and administrative |
|
5.4 |
|
4.1 |
|
3.4 |
|
|||
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
0.5 |
|
0.5 |
|
0.2 |
|
|||
|
Expenses |
|
2,919.4 |
|
3,749.2 |
|
2,558.9 |
|
|||
|
Operating income (loss) |
|
$ |
56.1 |
|
$ |
(42.4 |
) |
$ |
3.6 |
|
71
Natural gas purchased and sold by our Marketing segment is priced at a published daily or monthly price index. Sales to wholesale customers typically incorporate a premium for managing their transmission and balancing requirements. Higher premiums and associated margins result from transactions that involve smaller volumes or that offer greater service flexibility for wholesale customers. At their request, we will enter into long-term, fixed-price purchase or sales contracts with our customers and generally will enter into offsetting hedged positions under the same or similar terms.
Marketing pays third-party storage facilities and pipelines for the right to store and transport natural gas for various periods of time. These contracts may be denoted as firm storage, interruptible storage, or parking and lending services. These various contract structures are used to mitigate risk associated with sales and purchase contracts, and to take advantage of price differential opportunities.
Year ended December 31, 2006 compared with year ended December 31, 2005
A majority of the operating income of our Marketing segment is derived from selling natural gas received from producers on our Natural Gas segment pipeline assets to end users of the natural gas. A majority of the natural gas we purchase is produced in Texas markets where we have limited physical access to the primary interstate pipeline delivery points, or hubs such as Waha, Texas and the Houston Ship Channel. As a result, our Marketing business must use third-party pipelines to transport the natural gas to these markets where it can be sold to our customers. However, physical pipeline constraints often require our Marketing business to transport natural gas to alternate market points. Under these circumstances, our Marketing segment will sell the purchased gas at a pricing index that is different from the pricing index at which the gas was purchased. This creates a price exposure that arises from the relative difference in natural gas prices between the contracted index at which the natural gas is purchased and the index under which it is sold, otherwise known as the spread. The spread can vary significantly due to local supply and demand factors. Wherever possible, this pricing exposure is economically hedged using derivative financial instruments. However, the structure of these economic hedges often precludes our use of hedge accounting under the requirements of SFAS No. 133, which can create volatility in the operating results of our Marketing segment.
To ensure that we have access to primary pipeline delivery points, we often enter into firm transportation agreements on interstate and intrastate pipelines. To offset the demand charges associated with these firm transportation contracts, we look for market conditions that allow us to lock in the price differential or spread between the pipeline receipt point and pipeline delivery point. This allows our Marketing business to lock in a fixed sales margin inclusive of pipeline demand charges. We accomplish this by transacting basis swaps between the index where the natural gas is purchased and the index where the natural gas is sold. By transacting a basis swap between those two indices, we can effectively lock in a margin on the combined natural gas purchase and the natural gas sale, mitigating the demand charges on firm transportation agreements and limiting the Partnerships exposure to cash flow volatility that could arise in markets where the firm transportation becomes uneconomic. However, the structure of these transactions precludes our use of hedge accounting under the requirements of SFAS No. 133, which can create volatility in the operating results of our Marketing segment.
In addition to natural gas basis swaps, we contract for storage to assist with balancing natural gas supply and end use market sales. In order to mitigate the absolute price differential between the cost of injected natural gas and withdrawn natural gas, as well as storage fees, the injection and withdrawal price differential, or spread, is hedged by buying fixed price swaps for the forecasted injection periods and selling fixed price swaps for the forecasted withdrawal periods. When the injection and withdrawal spread increases or decreases in value as a result of market price movements, we can earn additional profit through the optimization of those hedges in both the forward and daily markets. Although all of these hedge strategies are sound economic hedging techniques, these types of financial transactions do not qualify for hedge accounting under the SFAS No. 133 guidelines. As such, the non-qualified hedges are
72
accounted for on a mark-to-market basis, and the periodic change in their market value, although non-cash, will impact the income statement.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, the operating income of our Marketing segment increased $98.5 million to $56.1 million, from a loss of $42.4 million in 2005. The significant increase in the operating income of our Marketing segment for 2006 is primarily due to unrealized, non-cash, mark-to-market net gains of approximately $64.5 million compared with unrealized mark-to-market net losses of $50.3 million for 2005. These unrealized mark-to-market changes are associated with derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. The unrealized, mark-to-market gains for 2006 are the result of a decline in the forward and daily market price of natural gas from the historically high prices experienced in 2005. Additionally, the basis between the index where the natural gas is purchased and the index where the natural gas is sold has declined in correlation with the decline in the forward market price of natural gas contributing to the unrealized, mark-to-market net gains for 2006.
The operating results of our Marketing segment for the year ended December 31, 2006, also include non-cash charges totaling $17.0 million attributable to reducing the cost basis of our natural gas inventory to fair market value. Natural gas prices as published by Platts Gas Daily for Henry Hub were approximately $10.08 per MMBtu at December 31, 2005, which had declined to $5.64 per MMBtu at December 31, 2006. As a result of the decline in the price of natural gas from 2005 to 2006, we recorded charges totaling $17.0 million during 2006 to reduce the cost basis of our inventory to fair market value. Partially offsetting this charge are gains of approximately $3 million that we realized upon settlement of derivative financial instruments hedging our natural gas inventory for 2006. Due to our hedging structures, we expect that a majority of the lower of cost or market inventory charges will be offset by future financial and physical transactions that will settle at the time the natural gas inventory is sold.
Year ended December 31, 2005 compared with year ended December 31, 2004
For the year ended December 31, 2005, our Marketing segment incurred losses of $42.4 million, which include non-cash mark-to-market losses of $48.2 million, compared with earning $3.6 million of operating income for 2004. The non-cash, mark-to-market losses are associated with derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. During 2005, we revised our business strategy for the use of derivative financial instruments associated with the transportation and storage of natural gas to afford us the ability to respond to changing economic conditions. The flexibility provided by our revised strategy precludes us from continuing the use of hedge accounting with regard to these transactions. Under SFAS No. 133, if the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring as originally set forth in the hedge documentation, the financial instruments must be marked-to-market each period with the change in fair market value recorded in earnings. However, SFAS No. 133 does not allow us to mark-to-market the change in value of the related underlying physical transaction, and this difference creates earnings volatility when the spreads shift. We expect these net mark-to-market losses to be predominantly offset when the related physical transactions are settled (refer also to the discussion included in Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk and Note 15 of our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-1 of this report).
During the third and fourth quarters of 2005, disruptions of natural gas supplies from facilities in the Gulf of Mexico region caused by hurricanes Katrina and Rita created greater demand for natural gas production from our onshore Natural Gas segment pipeline assets, increasing our ability to optimize natural gas supply to areas of strongest demand. As a result of the hurricanes, unusual volatility in the prices of natural gas created greater spreads on our natural gas volumes.
73
Year ended December 31, 2006 compared with year ended December 31, 2005
Interest expense was $110.5 million in 2006 compared with $107.7 million in 2005. The increase is the result of higher debt balances and weighted average interest rates, partially offset by approximately $10.7 million of interest capitalized on our construction projects for 2006 compared with $4.0 million capitalized in 2005. Our weighted average interest rate was approximately 5.82% for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared with approximately 5.78% during 2005. Our debt balances are higher at December 31, 2006 compared with December 31, 2005 as a result of the capital expenditures we have made to expand our existing systems to improve the service capabilities of our assets.
Included in other income for the year ended December 31, 2006, is approximately $4.5 million that we received as settlement for an insurance claim that we filed in connection with an interruption to the operations of our Lakehead system resulting from a fire that occurred at Suncors upgrader site in January 2005.
The Partnership is not a taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes and historically has not been a taxable entity for state income tax purposes. Federal and state income taxes on partnership taxable income were both borne directly by the unitholders with no entity level tax on the Partnership. In May 2006, the State of Texas enacted substantial changes to its tax structure beginning in 2007 by imposing a new tax based upon modified gross revenue. We determined that this tax is an income tax as defined under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS No. 109). Our initial accounting for the enactment of this income tax did not materially affect our results of operation, financial condition or cash flows. Although we anticipate Texas will make further changes to this tax in 2007 that may impact our income tax expense, our 2007 income tax expense will be approximately $5 million.
Year ended December 31, 2005 compared with year ended December 31, 2004
Interest expense was $107.7 million in 2005 compared with $88.4 million in 2004. The increase is the result of higher debt balances and higher weighted average interest rates of approximately 5.78% for the year ended December 31, 2005, compared with approximately 5.56% during 2004. The increase in our debt balances at December 31, 2005 is due to the gathering and processing assets in North Texas we acquired in January 2005, in addition to the capital expenditures we have made to expand our existing systems to improve the service capabilities of our assets.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
General
We believe that our ability to generate cash flow, in addition to our access to capital, is sufficient to meet the demands of our current and future operating and investment needs. Our primary cash requirements consist of normal operating expenses, capital expenditures for our expansion projects, maintenance capital expenditures, debt service payments, distributions to our partners, acquisitions of new assets and businesses, and payments associated with our derivative transactions. Short-term cash requirements, such as operating expenses, maintenance capital expenditures, debt service payments and quarterly distributions to our partners, are expected to be funded by operating cash flows. Margin requirements associated with our derivative transactions are generally supported by letters of credit issued under our Credit Facility. We expect to fund long-term cash requirements for expansion projects and acquisitions from several sources, including cash flows from operating activities, borrowings under our commercial paper program, our Credit Facility, and the issuance of additional equity and debt securities. Our ability to complete future debt and equity offerings and the timing of any such offerings will depend
74
on various factors, including prevailing market conditions, interest rates, our financial condition and credit rating at the time.
Our current business strategy emphasizes developing and expanding our existing Liquids and Natural Gas businesses with less focus on acquisitions. The internal growth projects we have planned for our Natural Gas business (see Natural Gas segmentFuture Prospects), coupled with the Southern Access and Alberta Clipper projects on our Lakehead system (see Liquids segmentFuture Prospects), will require significant expenditures of capital over the next several years. We expect to fund these expenditures from a balanced combination of additional issuances of partnership capital and long-term debt. Our planned internal growth projects will require us to bear the cost of constructing these new assets before we will begin to realize a return on them. During our construction of these major projects, our ability to increase distributions while funding these construction costs is likely to be limited.
Capital Resources
Execution of our growth strategy and completion of our planned construction projects contemplate our accessing the public and private equity markets to obtain the capital necessary to fund these projects. During 2006, we raised net proceeds of approximately $500.0 million of equity in a private transaction for the sale of approximately 10.8 million of our Class C units, representing a new class of our limited partner interests. We sold the Class C units in equal amounts of approximately 5.4 million units each to our general partner and an institutional investor. Additionally, our general partner contributed approximately $10 million to maintain its two percent general partner interest. We used the proceeds from this issuance partially to reduce borrowings outstanding under our commercial paper program and to fund a portion of our capital expansion projects. We invested the remaining amount in short-term commercial paper for use in future periods to further reduce our commercial paper borrowings or fund additional expenditures under our capital expansion projects.
The following table presents historical information about our public equity offerings since January 2004:
|
Issuance Date |
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
Net Proceeds to
|
|
General
|
|
Net Proceeds
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
($ in millions, except per unit amounts) |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
We did not issue any Class A common units during 2006. |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
December |
|
|
136,200 |
|
|
|
$ |
46.000 |
|
|
|
$ |
6.0 |
|
|
|
$ |
0.2 |
|
|
|
$ |
6.2 |
|
|
||
|
November |
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
$ |
46.000 |
|
|
|
132.1 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
|
|
|
134.9 |
|
|
|||||
|
February |
|
|
2,506,500 |
|
|
|
$ |
49.875 |
|
|
|
124.8 |
|
|
|
2.7 |
|
|
|
127.5 |
|
|
|||||
|
2005 Totals |
|
|
5,642,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
262.9 |
|
|
|
$ |
5.7 |
|
|
|
$ |
268.6 |
|
|
|||
|
2004 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
September |
|
|
3,680,000 |
|
|
|
$ |
47.900 |
|
|
|
$ |
168.6 |
|
|
|
$ |
3.6 |
|
|
|
$ |
172.2 |
|
|
||
|
January |
|
|
450,000 |
|
|
|
$ |
50.300 |
|
|
|
21.6 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
22.0 |
|
|
|||||
|
2004 Totals |
|
|
4,130,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
190.2 |
|
|
|
$ |
4.0 |
|
|
|
$ |
194.2 |
|
|
|||
(1) Net of underwriters fees and discounts, commissions and issuance expens